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ellauri080.html on line 353: Self-Transcendence (ST) Uskonnollisuus
ellauri080.html on line 355: Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales. The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire.
ellauri080.html on line 359: Cloninger, C. R. (2004). Feeling good: The science of well-being. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
ellauri080.html on line 363: Self-directedness (self-concept) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger et al. 1993). This character trait involves a person’s sense of responsibility, hopeful purpose, self-acceptance, self-actualization, and resourcefulness (Cloninger 2004). See Cooperativeness and Self-transcendence for the other two aspects of human character.
ellauri080.html on line 372: Self-transcendence: it’s a term you’ve probably heard before.
ellauri080.html on line 374: You might have a hazy idea of “transcending” being akin to “rising above” and think of the concept as rising above oneself, but you don’t really know what it is beyond that.
ellauri080.html on line 375: If this describes you as well as it described me, you’ve come to the right place! In this piece, we will define self-transcendence, look at its components and characteristics, think of some examples, and explore how it can be achieved.
ellauri080.html on line 379:

Self-Transcendence and Spirituality

ellauri080.html on line 381: It is easy to see how self-transcendence and spirituality are connected—one of the inherent qualities of self-transcendence is the expansion of one’s consciousness beyond the self, to something higher.
ellauri080.html on line 383: That “something higher” is often divine or spiritual in nature. Many achieve self-transcendence through their faith in God, while others may achieve it through recognition of some system of spirituality or idea of the soul. This faith or spirituality can help individuals find the meaning that will fulfill them and propel them to transcendence. Research has even shown that in elderly patients, the caregiver’s own spirituality had a positive impact on the patient’s well-being (Kim, Reed, Hayward, Kang, & Koenig, 2011).
ellauri080.html on line 385: Cooperativeness is a personality trait concerning the degree to which a person is generally agreeable in their relations with other people as opposed to aggressively self-centred and hostile. It is one of the "character" dimensions in Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. Cloninger described it as relating to individual differences in how much people identify with and accept others. Cloninger's research found that low cooperativeness is associated with all categories of personality disorder. Cooperativeness is conceptually similar to and strongly correlated with agreeableness in the five factor model of personality.
ellauri080.html on line 427: The material I will use to justify my claims comes from three time-honored traditions: sacred geometry as practiced by the ancient Egyptians, the inner structure of the I Ching, and the house arrangement of astrology. All these disciplines attempt to give meaningful order to what may appear at times to be a chaotic human existence, as is Jung’s typology.
ellauri080.html on line 431: It seems to be a natural tendency of human nature to want to categorize the infinite variety of phenomenological reality into neat, distinct, and useful components. We have types and varieties from every area of human experience. There is some security when confronted by a brand new situation to be able to instantly ascribe this novelty to a pre-arranged mental coding system. Once we have categories we can describe differences and similarities – we can form hypotheses of relationship. This can be both useful and destructive, as unnecessary stereotyping leads to a relativizing of uniqueness. Jung walks this thin line by simply stating, “In my practical medical work with nervous patients I have long been struck be the fact that besides the many individual differences in human psychology there are also typical differences.”
ellauri080.html on line 435: He was well aware of the difficulty of presenting a general description of types and its inability to draw an absolutely correct picture. Still, his wealth of empirical evidence led him to deduce as ‘factual’ the existence of distinct types. This deduction was made many times before him and is a simple reflection of the nature of reality (the reality of Nature).
ellauri080.html on line 437: In Jungian typology, the original ‘unity’ of human consciousness is first divided into two poles of attitude: extraversion and introversion. These represent two fundamentally distinct yet complementary relationships between inner and outer reality. Extraversion is characterized bya flow of energy and interest from the subject to the object, from the inner to the outer. Identification with the outer gives meaning to the inner. Introversion is completely the opposite. It is characterized by a flow of energy and interest from the object to the subject, from the outer to the inner.
ellauri080.html on line 441: The introvert will give ultimate significance to subjective, inner experience and will tend to assign importance to what is happening externally only as it related to this inner experience, or only if it will lead to personal growth. The extravert, contrarily, will give ultimate significance to what is happening externally in the objective, outer world and will assign very little importance or completely disregard inner experience, unless it could lead to outer growth. These are obviously two diametrically opposed yet complementary approaches to life, reminiscent of the oriental Yin (introversion) and Yang (extraversion).
ellauri080.html on line 479: In general, the nature of the judging axes can be described in this way:
ellauri080.html on line 488: “Behind all logic and its seeming sovereignty of movement, too, there stand valuations or, more clearly, physiological demands for the preservation of a certain type of life.” — Friedrich Nietzsche (INTJ). Nietsche oli näät tenacious visionaries, oriented towards action. Vaikkei se koskaan tehnyt paljon paskaakaan.
ellauri080.html on line 494: Hence, the TE/FI attitude, represented by Nietzsche, assumes that people do things because they want to, they desire to, they have a passionate, sentimental drive to: desires and feelings are the metaphysical bottom-line, for which structure serves only as a vehicle. Meanwhile, the FE/TI attitude represented by Hume assumes that people do things because that is what makes sense to them: because that is the decision-making paradigm which they are working off of, and all feelings, motivations, and desires result from the way a person chooses to logically view the world, whether they realize it or not. Feelings and motivations are merely the skin of logically ascertainable principles upon which people operate.
ellauri080.html on line 498: These two views of the world are, of course, mutually inimical — they inevitably chase each other’s tails. Nietzsche says to Hume: ‘he stole that bread because he wanted to feed his family,’ to which Hume replies, ‘yes, that is true: but why did he want to feed his family? Because he is adhering to a familial principle,’ to which Nietzsche replies, ‘I suppose you could put it that way, but why is he operating according to that principle? It’s because he wants to, because he loves his family,’ to which Hume replies, ‘yes, but why does he love his family? It’s because that is his logical worldview…’ And so on.
ellauri080.html on line 504: In general, the nature of the perceiving axes can be described this way:
ellauri080.html on line 512: These two attitudes can be summed up as ‘conjecturing’ and ‘examining’ respectively. The one axis seeks to discover, envision or predict the potential course (NI) plotted by their various raw experiences of things (SE); obviously the image I am summoning here is that of a scatterplot and line of best fit, though one could also summon the image of a researcher recording their observations and then forming overarching conclusions abstracted from that data.
ellauri080.html on line 518: The other axis seeks to discover, cognate, or comprehend the true nature of things (SI) by compositing the uniting elements between various creative perspectives on things (NE); the image I like to use here is of a diagram showing multiple perspectives of a 3-D object in 2-D space, where each perspective conceals something in order to reveal something else.
ellauri080.html on line 520: A good example of this mentality can be found in the theories of Michel Foucault, who himself describes society as a series of power structure grids you can lay on top of the truth in order to reveal some things but conceal others, and our goal essentially should be to experiment with various power grids to discover the true limits or bounds of how human society can successfully be structured. Another example could be Martin Heidegger’s discussion of Being or existence, and how many different perspectives are required to observe it and get a full picture, because of our extremely subjective position in relation to the nature of our own existence, not to mention existence within the ever shifting realm of time.
ellauri080.html on line 528: Meanwhile, the NE/SI axis is not so trusting of direct experience, which is hardly a mystery, because their perception of reality is introverted, meaning they aren’t interested in direct and photographic reality, but in the ideal versions of experiences abstracted from reality (e.g. Socrates’ search for the overarching ‘idea’ of everyday things like dogs, beds, piety, etc., as opposed to individual instances of these things). This is why, as CelebrityTypes also points out, “The person will also be more careful and meticulous (SI) because there is an unconscious striving to contribute one’s observations to building a system which is valid not just in the here and now, but which is perceived to be true in general: To generate the type of knowledge that could conceivably end up in a future textbook on the subject.” The axis makes use of Ne’s multifaceted nature to accomplish this.
ellauri080.html on line 530: This helps illuminate a number of characteristics of SI and NE individually: dominant SI types focus their energy on the apprehension and upholding of the Truth as it is carefully and cautiously composited and systematically tested for weaknesses; hence, their stereotypically thorough, cautious, and reserved nature, and why they are not so sure in idea-based conversation as Ni types: because of just that — they aren’t sure. Meanwhile, dominant NE types, focusing their energy on the exploration and experimentation from various angles, have the same presence of doubt, which is why NE types so often eschew dogma and may be perceived as intellectually ‘flakey’ or ‘capricious’ because they never truly commit to anything: it’s all experimentation and exploration, forming a composite Truth, though their trouble is they never want to stop. The SI’s trouble, on the other hand, is that they don’t want to start.
ellauri080.html on line 540: Keynes's obituary in The Times included the comment: "There is the man himself – radiant, brilliant, effervescent, gay, full of impish jokes ... He was a humane man genuinely devoted to the cause of the common good." Kuulostaa Wallun äiskältä, wickedly funny. Ja gay. Ize asiassa gay pedophile kaiken kukkuraxi. Keynes was a libertine hedonist who wasted most of his adult life engaging in sexual relationships with children, including travelling around the Mediterranean visiting children’s brothels. Funnily wicked too.
ellauri080.html on line 554: Suicide in ASD is largely understudied. Although suicide is common in clinical samples, we have little knowledge of suicide in persons with ASD in the general population. Comorbidity, particularly with depression and other affective disorders or schizoid disorders and psychotic symptoms, is often reported, so it is difficult to determine if suicidality is associated with ASD or the comorbid disorder. Clinical samples suggest that suicide occurs more frequently in high functioning autism.
ellauri080.html on line 561: In all subjects from our research on PubMed, 21.3% of subjects with autism spectrum disorder reported suicidal ideation, have attempted suicide or died by suicide (115 out of 539 subjects) and 7.7% of subjects supported for suicidal thoughts or attempted suicide exhibited an autism spectrum disorder (62 out of 806 subjects), all ages combined. Suicidal ideation and morbid preoccupation are particularly common in adolescents and young adults.
ellauri080.html on line 566: Suicide attempts are accompanied by a willingness for death and can lead to suicide. They are more common in high-functioning autism and Asperger subjects. The methods used are often violent and potentially lethal or fatal. (What's the diff? Ah I get it: school killings and the like. Whether you chill yourself only or others besides.)
ellauri080.html on line 568: High harm avoidance may be a temperament trait specific to bipolar disorder patients. However, it may not be correlated with attempted suicide in such patients. These may have low persistence, high self directedness and low self-transcendence temperament and character traits that protect against attempted suicide. Harm avoidance, self directedness, and cooperativeness may be correlated with current suicidal ideation. Cooperative autist is just trying to avoid further harm to their near and dear.
ellauri080.html on line 575: Gilligan's Island is an American sitcom. It aired for three seasons on the CBS network from September 26, 1964, to April 17, 1967. The series followed the comic adventures of seven castaways as they attempted to survive on an island on which they had been shipwrecked. Most episodes revolve around the dissimilar castaways' conflicts and their unsuccessful attempts, for whose failure Gilligan was frequently responsible, to escape their plight.
ellauri080.html on line 599: The two-man crew of the charter boat SS Minnow and five passengers on a "three-hour tour" from Honolulu run into a typhoon and are shipwrecked on an uncharted island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Their efforts to be rescued are typically thwarted by the inadvertent conduct of the hapless first mate, Gilligan. In 1997, show creator Sherwood Schwartz explained that the underlying concept is still "the most important idea in the world today". That is, people with extremely different characters and backgrounds being in a situation where they need to learn how to get along and cooperate with each other as a matter of survival.
ellauri080.html on line 609: Life on the island. A running gag is the castaways' ability to fashion a vast array of useful objects from bamboo, gourds, vines and other local materials. Some are simple everyday things, such as eating and cooking utensils, while others (such as a remarkably efficient lie detector apparatus) are stretches of the imagination. Russell Johnson noted in his autobiography that the production crew enjoyed the challenge of building these props. These bamboo items include framed huts with thatched grass sides and roofs, along with bamboo closets strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds and rain, the communal dining table and chairs, pipes for Gilligan's hot water, a stethoscope, and a pedal-powered car.
ellauri080.html on line 615: A piece of news concerning the castaways arrives from the outside world via the radio and causes distress or discord among them.
ellauri080.html on line 617: The appearance or arrival of strange objects to the island, such as a World War II naval mine, an old silent motion picture camera and costumes, a crate of radioactive vegetable seeds, plastic explosives, a robot, a live lion, a jet pack, or a "Mars Rover" that the scientists back in the United States think is sending them pictures of Mars.
ellauri080.html on line 693: “There seems to be a strong genetic overlap between ADHD and autism,” De Alwis said. “And it’s very common for people with ADHD to have autistic traits. These individuals may not have an autism spectrum disorder, but they typically score high on measurements of autistic traits.”
ellauri080.html on line 711: Fred McFeely Rogers (March 20, 1928 – February 27, 2003), also known as Mister Rogers, was an American television host, author, producer, and Presbyterian minister. He was the creator, showrunner, and host of the preschool television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, which ran from 1968 to 2001.
ellauri080.html on line 712: The program was critically acclaimed for focusing on children's emotional and physical concerns, such as death, sibling rivalry, school enrollment, and divorce.
ellauri080.html on line 716: Rogers died of stomach cancer on February 27, 2003 at age 74. Rogers was red-green color-blind. He became a pescatarian in 1970, after the death of his father, and a vegetarian in the early 1980s, saying he "couldn't eat anything that had a mother". Rogers was a registered Republican, and a confirmed presbyterian. Despite his strong faith, Rogers struggled with anger, conflict, and self-doubt, especially at the end of his life. Despite Rogers' family's wealth, he cared little about making money, and lived frugally, especially as he and his wife grew older.
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ellauri080.html on line 729: At school, his academic results were described as mediocre. One report concluded that Gandhi was “good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography; conduct very good, bad handwriting.” His first English teacher was an Irishman, and so Gandhi spoke English with an Irish accent.
ellauri080.html on line 737: Gandhi’s early law career in India was a struggle. He also refused a job as a high-school teacher in Bombay. To make a living, he took a job in South Africa for an Indian law firm.
ellauri080.html on line 751: 1919 was a turning point for Gandhi; the government passed a new law which said those accused of sedition could be imprisoned without trial, also the Amritsar Massacre where 400 protesting Indians were killed. It was in 1919 that Gandhi turned against acquiescence to the British Empire and he began to lead non-violent protests.
ellauri080.html on line 783: During Gandhi's time as a dissident in South Africa, he discovered a male youth had been harassing two of his female followers. Gandhi responded by personally cutting the girls' hair off, to ensure the "sinner's eye" was "sterilised". Gandhi boasted of the incident in his writings, pushing the message to all Indians that women should carry responsibility for sexual attacks upon them. Such a legacy still lingers. In the summer of 2009, colleges in north India reacted to a spate of sexual harassment cases by banning women from wearing jeans, as western-style dress was too "provocative" for the males on campus.
ellauri080.html on line 801: During his life, Gandhi studied all the major religions – the Bible, The Qu’ran, The Buddhist scriptures and of course the major Indian classics, such as the Bhagavad Gita. In London he also studied Theosophy.
ellauri080.html on line 850: Vipassanā (Pāli) or vipaśyanā (Sanskrit) literally "hyper, super (vi), seeing (passanā)", is a Buddhist term that is often translated as "insight". The Pali Canon describes it as one of two qualities of mind which is developed (bhāvanā) in Buddhist meditation, the other being samatha (mind calming). It is often defined as a form of meditation that seeks "insight into the true nature of reality", defined as anicca "impermanence", dukkha "suffering, unsatisfactoriness", anattā "non-self", the three marks of existence in the Theravada tradition, and as śūnyatā "emptiness" and Buddha-nature in the Mahayana traditions.
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ellauri082.html on line 58: Wallace described himself as “near great” at his favorite sport, but in reality he was just the 11th-best teenage player in central Illinois – not exactly a tennis hotbed. Still, he was good enough to beat Jay McInerney when they were both at the artist colony Yaddo.
ellauri082.html on line 62: Obsessed with the writer Mary Karr, Wallace planned to shoot her husband with a gun he tried to buy from a guy he met in recovery. She found out about the scheme, but believed him when he blamed it on his buddy. Wallace and Karr eventually became a couple, but Wallace stalked her kid in an ugly manner after she chucked him.
ellauri082.html on line 70: Wallace was so embarrassed by his tendency to sweat that he carried a tennis racket in high school, hoping people would think he had just left the court. He was also serious about dental hygiene, keeping a toothbrush in his sock for emergencies.
ellauri082.html on line 91: 99% of compulsive thinkers’ thinking is about themselves; that 99% of this self-directed thinking consists of imagining and then getting ready for things that are going to happen to them; and then, weirdly, that if they stop to think about it, that 100% of the things they spend 99% of their time and energy imagining and trying to prepare for all the contingencies and consequences of are never good. In short that 99% of the head’s thinking activity consists of trying to scare the everliving shit out of itself.
ellauri082.html on line 129: Described as coming from a kind of mold that “grows on other molds,” DMZ is an incredibly powerful and mysterious hallucinogen. It can have many different effects but often seems to transform a person’s ability to communicate. It is also nicknamed “Madame Psychosis,” after Joelle’s radio persona. Michael Pemulis manages to acquire some, but it is stolen before he and Hal can take it. It’s suggested that Hal has been affected by DMZ by the time of the Year of Glad, but it’s unclear how—whether from eating a piece of mold as a child and then withdrawing from marijuana, or having his toothbrush laced with Pemulis’s drugs (possibly by James’s wraith). As a result of this presumed DMZ consumption, Hal is able to feel strong emotions (which was impossible for him before) but unable to communicate.
ellauri082.html on line 131: JOI also created DMZ as part of an attempt to undo the effects of Hal’s eating mold as a child (recall: DMZ is a mold that grows on a mold). He left it along with the Entertainment (recall: ETA kids find JOI’s personal effects (670: “a bulky old doorless microwave…a load of old TP cartridges…mostly unlabelled”); the tapes and the DMZ are delivered together to the FLQ) which is about this goal (it stars a woman named Madame Psychosis (a street name for DMZ; another is 1st Av.) explaining that the thing that killed you in your last life will give birth to you in the next). The DMZ and the Entertainment were meant to go together for Hal. Now that the Entertainment has escaped, he needs to get Hal the DMZ.
ellauri082.html on line 137: By the time of the match, his symptoms are so bad he’s taken by ambulance to the hospital (16: “the only other emergency room I have ever been in [was] almost exactly one year back”), safely escaping the A.F.R.’s assault. Like fellow student Otis P. Lord, he gets the bed next to Gately. Joelle (who is at the hospital for a meeting) visits Gately on her way out and recognizes Hal. She tells them both about the hunt for the lethal Entertainment and the resulting Continental Emergency and they all go to dig up JOI’s grave. They persuade John Wayne, a spy for the A.F.R., to become a double agent and help sneak them into JOI’s Quebec burial site. Wayne presumably tells the A.F.R. he is actually a triple agent — that he will steal the tape as soon as Hal digs it up. But, as with Marathe, his loyalties are ultimately even-numbered (n40). The A.F.R. finds out and brutally murders him, which is why he can’t win the WhataBurger (16f).
ellauri082.html on line 141: he’s with a very sad kid and they’re in a graveyard digging some dead guy’s head up and it’s really important, like Continental-Emergency important, and Gately’s the best digger but he’s wicked hungry, like irresistibly hungry, and he’s eating with both hands out of huge economy-size bags of corporate snacks so he can’t really dig, while it gets later and later and the sad kid is trying to scream at Gately that the important thing was buried in the guy’s head and to divert the Continental Emergency to start digging the guy’s head up before it’s too late, but the kid moves his mouth but nothing comes out, and Joelle van D. appears … while the sad kid holds something terrible up by the hair and makes the face of somebody shouting in panic: Too Late. (934)
ellauri082.html on line 149: As seen in Chapter 1, Hal’s condition deepens until he literally can’t communicate at all, but no longer feels like a robot anymore. (12: “I’m not a machine. I feel and believe.”) The only thing he has left is tennis and he looks forward to playing Ortho Stice in the final match of the WhataBurger. But Stice is possessed by his father (in the manuscript, Stice is called “the Wraithster”), so the novel ends as Hal finally gets to really interface with his father — in the only way he has left.
ellauri082.html on line 216: Robert Lee Frost (26. maaliskuuta 1874 San Francisco, Kalifornia, Yhdysvallat – 29. tammikuuta 1963 Boston, Yhdysvallat) oli yhdysvaltalainen runoilija ja kirjailija. Sitä ei pidä sekoittaa britteihin TV-hahmo David Frostiin eikä covid-tartuntaiseen brexit-neuvottelijaan elinikäisparoni David Frostiin.
ellauri082.html on line 218: Frost syntyi San Franciscossa, vaikka hänet usein yhdistetäänkin Uuteen-Englantiin. Hänen äitinsä oli skotti Isabelle Moodie ja hänen isänsä oli toimittaja William Prescott Frost Jr. Isä oli viinaanmenevä uhkapeluri ja tiukka kurinpitäjä, jolla oli palava intohimo politiikkaan. Isä kuoli 1885 tuberkuloosiin ollessaan vasta 36-vuotias. Isän kuoltua äiti, 11-vuotias Robert ja hänen hieman nuorempi sisarensa muuttivat Kaliforniasta Yhdysvaltain itärannikolle Massachusettsin Lawrenceen lähelle isän vanhempia. Äiti liittyi lahkolaiseen swedenborgilaiseen kirkkoon ja kastatti lapsensa siellä. Aikuisena Frost kuitenkin erosi kirkosta.
ellauri082.html on line 220: Vuonna 1890 Frost alkoi opiskella Lawrencen high schoolissa, jossa hän innostui latinan ja kreikan kielistä. Siellä hän myös kirjoitti ensimmäisen julkaistun runonsa La Noche Triste ja tapasi tulevan vaimonsa Elinor Miriam Whiten (k. 1938). Naimisiin pariskunta meni 1895. Monenlaista työtä tehtyään Frost toimi maanviljelijänä, kunnes muutti perheineen Englantiin 1912 ja julkaisi siellä esikoiskokoelmansa A Boy's Will seuraavana vuonna. Yhdysvaltoihin Frost palasi 1915 ja toimi siellä opettajana useissa eri korkeakouluissa.
ellauri082.html on line 304: Helmi sanoo etmä kirjoitan kuin score">boomeri. Suattaapi olla. Mutta mähän oonkin boomeri!
ellauri082.html on line 340: Jenkit gringoilee kaikille muunmaalaisille niiden kielestä. Wallun mielestä Troeltsch ja Echt kilpailee nimien vastenmielisyydessä. Ei lie sattumaa että ne on sakusukunimiä. Se Schit on kolmas samanlainen. Ja typerää paskaa muka baskinkaltaisesta quebecinranskasta. Baski on isolaatti, ei sillä ole sukulaisia. Hei hikipinko Wallu oisit opetellut kieliä kuin mä! Se on jo myöhäistä kun killuu katonrajassa sinisenä kieli ulkona.
ellauri082.html on line 342: Troeltsch, Jim
ellauri082.html on line 345: Troeltsch, Ernst Peter Wilhelm (* 17. Februar 1865 in Haunstetten; † 1. Februar 1923 in Berlin) war ein deutscher protestantischer Theologe, Kulturphilosoph und liberaler Politiker.
ellauri082.html on line 346: Während der Heidelberger Jahre verband ihn eine enge Arbeitsgemeinschaft mit Max Weber.
ellauri082.html on line 348: In seinem Aufsatz Christentum und Religionsgeschichte aus dem Jahr 1897 reagiert Troeltsch zum einen auf die Infragestellungen christlicher Theologie durch Materialismus und Naturwissenschaft. Er stellt diesbezüglich fest, dass „der Geist eine aus der Natur unableitbare selbständige Kraft ist“, aus der „in Wechselwirkung mit den Anforderungen der sinnlichen Wirklichkeit“ die Geschichte entsteht.
ellauri082.html on line 354: Also lässt sich Troeltschs Aufsatz globalgeschichtlich in die Reihe von Reaktionen einordnen, mit denen Vertreter der Weltreligionen Buddhismus, (protestantisches) Christentum, Hinduismus und Islam ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts auf die Herausforderungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Materialismus und der allgemeinen Religionsgeschichte antworten, zumeist indem Religion allgemein über Kriterien der Innerlichkeit und Universalität definiert und die eigene Tradition im Gegenüber zu anderen als vollständige Erfüllung dieser Kriterien dargestellt wird.
ellauri082.html on line 356: In Berlin gibt es an der Humboldt-Universität eine Ernst-Troeltsch-Honorarprofessur. In Augsburg-Haunstetten wurde die Dr.-Troeltsch-Straße nach ihm benannt.
ellauri082.html on line 357: Der wissenschaftlichen Pflege des Werkes von Troeltsch widmet sich die Ernst-Troeltsch-Gesellschaft.
ellauri082.html on line 359: ALGOL on ohjelmointikieli, joka kehitettiin 1950-luvulla. Kielen kehitystä johti Carnegie Mellon -yliopiston Alan J. Perlis. Se oli jutku tietysti. ALGOL oli aikoinaan ensimmäinen niin sanottu toisen sukupolven ohjelmointikieli. Paskat Alan siinä mitään teki muuta kun komenteli, likasen työn tekijät oli sakuja. Algolista tuli sit Pascal jolla ohjelmoizi Kimmo Koskenniemi oza rypyssä. Pascal-kirjan kannessa on tölkki Campbellin tomaattikeittoa.
ellauri082.html on line 491: <script src="https://player-v2.yle.fi/embed.js" defer>script>
ellauri082.html on line 505: Evolution is a slight problem I must own, it looks as if it was a continuous process of rearranging atoms, unless we urge that with the dawn of consciousness an entirely new nature seems to slip in, something whereof the potency was not given in the mere outward atoms of the original chaos. (I know it sounds both silly and pretentious, but what else can I say. I must save the appearances of the good book, or else I am soon out of my cozy Harvard chair.)
ellauri082.html on line 507: "A motion became a feeling!—no phrase that our lips can frame is so devoid of apprehensible meaning." (Says Spencer - check out this guy.) And some Tyndall guy that everyone knew by heart in late 19th: "the passage from the physics of the brain to the corresponding facts of consciousness is unthinkable." (Nothing to it except fear of death and retribution. Funny but seriously I have never seen anything the matter with it. Your mind is like a little video camera connected to a bunch of neural networks that mill the images around. Whats wrong with this concept is hard for me to see.)
ellauri082.html on line 509: John Tyndall FRS (/ˈtɪndəl/; 2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was an Irish physicist. He first noticed the greenhouse effect but went on mountaineering happily in the melting glaciers. He was a member of a club that vocally supported Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and sought to strengthen the barrier, or separation, between religion and science. The most prominent member of this club was the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Others included the social philosopher Herbert Spencer.
ellauri082.html on line 511: James lifts his blue jeans and says that for "continuity of evolution" if there is consciousness now somebody (guess who) must have been conscious all along. If we have pricks and cunts now somebody must have sported them from the dawn of time. Well at least Jamesey must then allow for our "fellow animals" some rudiments of soul, that's a big concession.
ellauri082.html on line 724: Gately istuu masentavassa keittiössä ja keskustelee kuoleman kanssa. Kuolema selittää ettà kuolema tapahtuu lukemattomia kertoja, ihmisellä on monta elämää ja jokaisen (elämän siis, kai miekkosen) lopussa on nainen, joka tappaa ja vapauttaa seuraavaan elämää. Gately ei oikein hahmota, onko kyseessä yksinpuhelu vai esittääkö hän kysymyksiä ja nainen vastailee niihin. Kuolema sanoo että ihmisen (kai miekkosen) tappava nainen on aina hänen seuraavan elämänsä äiti. Näin asia on: eikö hän tiennyt? Unessa sen tuntuvat tietävän kaikki muut maailmassa paitsi Gately, aivan kuin hän olisi ollut kipeänä juuri sinä päivänä kun asiasta kerrottiin koulussa, joten kuolema joutuu istumaan alastomana ja enkelin kaltaisena ja selittämään asian kärsivällisesti, itse asiassa hieman Beverlyn high schoolin tukiopetuksen tapaan. Kuolema sanoo että nainen joka joko tietäen tai tietämättään tappaa sinut, on aina joku jota rakastat ja aina seuraavan elämän äiti. Tästä syystä äidit ovat rakkaudessaan niin pakkomielteisiä ja yrittävät nlin kovasti, olipa heillä itsellään minkälaisia vaikeuksia tai riippuvuuxia tahansa, he tuntuvat arvostavan lapsensa hyvinvointia enemmän kuin omaansa ja pakkomielteisessä äidinrakkaudessa on aina pieni ikään kuin itsekkyyden häivähdys: he yrittävät hyvittää murhaa, jota kumpikaan ei muista, paizi ehkä unissaan.
ellauri082.html on line 756: The researchers developed a Victim Signaling Scale, ranging from 1 = not at all to 5 = always. It asks how often people engage in certain activities. These include: “Disclosed that I don’t feel accepted in society because of my identity.” And “Expressed how people like me are underrepresented in the media and leadership.”
ellauri082.html on line 757: They found that Victim Signaling scores highly correlated with dark triad scores (r = .35). This association held after controlling for gender, ethnicity, income, and other factors that might make people vulnerable to mistreatment.
ellauri082.html on line 761: They also found that Virtue Signaling was significantly correlated with dark triad scores (r = .18).
ellauri082.html on line 762: They replicated this association in a follow-up study. This time they used a different, more robust, dark triad scale. They then found a stronger correlation between the dark triad traits and victim signaling (r = .52).
ellauri082.html on line 768: Regardless of personal characteristics, those who scored higher on dark triad traits were more likely to be victim signalers. And may be more likely to deceive others for material gain.
ellauri082.html on line 769: The researchers then ran a study testing whether people who score highly on victim signaling were more likely to exaggerate reports of mistreatment from a colleague to gain an advantage over them.
ellauri082.html on line 781: "The underrepresentation of girls and women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a continual concern for social scientists and policy makers. Using an international database on adolescent achievement in science, mathematics, and reading (n = 472,242), we show girls performed similarly or better than boys in science in two of every three countries, and in nearly all countries, more girls appeared capable of college-level STEM study than enrolled. Paradoxically, the sex differences in the magnitude of relative academic strengths and pursuit of STEM degrees increased with increases in national gender equality. The gap between boys’ science achievement and girls’ reading achievement relative to their mean academic performance was near universal. These sex differences in academic strengths and attitudes toward science correlated with the STEM graduation gap. A mediation analysis suggests that life-quality pressures in less gender equal countries promote girls’ and women’s engagement with STEM subjects."
ellauri082.html on line 788: “Confirming past research, there was a strong correlation (r = .69) between a country´s sex differences in personality and their Gender Equality Index. Additional analyses showed that women typically score higher than men on all five trait factors (Pessimism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness), and that these relative differences are larger in more gender equal countries.”
ellauri083.html on line 54: Her 1962 novel Satan Never Sleeps described the Communist tyranny in China. Following the Communist Revolution in 1949, Buck was repeatedly refused all attempts to return to her beloved China and therefore was compelled to remain in the United States for the rest of her life.
ellauri083.html on line 84: We can now add yet another to that list. This week, her estate announced the discovery of a new never-published manuscript called "The Eternal Wonder." And as her son Edgar Walsh tells it, the story of the novel's recovery is a wonder itself.
ellauri083.html on line 86: EDGAR WALSH: Someone - and I do not know who - took the manuscript from the house in which she died in Vermont and went away with it. Whoever that person was wound up in Texas, rented a storage unit and put the manuscript in there. And that's where it was found.
ellauri083.html on line 90: WALSH: I had not known that my mother had written this in the last year or two of her life. And I certainly did not know that someone had spirited the manuscript out of a home in which she lived her last years in Vermont and had concealed it from me and the family for 40 years.
ellauri083.html on line 92: I was notified in December of last year that a woman in Texas who has a business buying storage units that have not paid their rent and she had purchased a unit in Fort Worth and discovered this manuscript, which was in a holographic form as a written manuscript, of course. And the woman in Texas wanted to sell it.
ellauri083.html on line 96: WALSH: To whomever. Initially, she wanted to put the manuscript on eBay and try to sell it there. I contacted an attorney in Philadelphia, Peter Hearn, and said we will not give her what she's asking for, but we will pay her a modest sum of money, and we wanted it returned immediately. That worked. I read the manuscript, and I said, you know, I want to get this published.
ellauri083.html on line 100: WALSH: It was fascinating, frankly, to read her final novel and to realize that it was, in a sense, an historic event. But reading this book just took me back to my many discussions with her about her work. And I just had a sense of awe that a woman, who, when she wrote this, was 78, 79 years old. And she knew she was dying. She was ill with cancer and she knew that she would be ending her life soon. But she sat down and, with a pen, wrote out over 300 pages.
ellauri083.html on line 102: Just an amazing tour de force - but not surprising, given her production. You know, between age 40 and her death in 1973, she produced - and I'm going to give you a few numbers here - 43 novels, about 30 nonfiction books, 242 short stories, 37 children's books, 18 film and TV scripts, 500 articles and essays and thousands of letters.
ellauri083.html on line 131: Very different from his novel Hunger, here Hamsun has written a sweeping story of one man's accomplishments as a homesteader in northern Norway near the border with Sweden. Isak, a young and very strong man, with no fear of work, goes looking for a good place to settle. He walks and walks, looking for a place that has everything he needs: water, haying grounds, pasture, areas to farm, timber. When he finally finds it, he settles in. There is a coastal town a full day's walk away (20 miles? 10 miles?). He puts out word that he needs a woman's help--and lo and behold, Inger comes. She too has no fear of work, and she has a harelip--teased for much of her life, she finds a good man in Isak. They work, they have several children, Inger is imprisoned for 6 years. Others come and settle the area between their farm Sellanra and the town. A fascinating story of rural northern Norway in the 2nd half of the 19th century.
ellauri083.html on line 141: During the devastating famine and drought, the family must flee to a large city in the south to find work. Wang Lung's malevolent uncle offers to buy his possessions and land, but for significantly less than their value. The family sells everything except the land and the house. Wang Lung then faces the long journey south, contemplating how the family will survive walking, when he discovers that the "firewagon" (the Chinese word for the newly built train) takes people south for a fee.
ellauri083.html on line 143: In the city, O-Lan and the children beg while Wang Lung pulls a rickshaw. Wang Lung's father begs but does not earn any money, and sits looking at the city instead. They find themselves aliens among their more metropolitan countrymen who look different and speak in a fast accent. They no longer starve, due to the one-cent charitable meals of congee, but still live in abject poverty. Wang Lung longs to return to his land. When armies approach the city he can only work at night hauling merchandise out of fear of being conscripted. One time, his son brings home stolen meat. Furious, Wang Lung throws the meat on the ground, not wanting his sons to grow up as thieves. O-Lan, however, calmly picks up the meat and cooks it. When a food riot erupts, Wang Lung is swept up in a mob that is looting a rich man's house and corners the man himself, who fears for his life and gives Wang Lung all his money in order to buy his safety. O-Lan finds a cache of jewels elsewhere in house and takes them for herself.
ellauri083.html on line 145: Wang Lung uses this money to bring the family home, buy a new ox and farm tools, and hire servants to work the land for him. In time, two more children are born, a twin son and daughter. When he discovers the jewels that O-Lan looted, Wang Lung buys the House of Hwang's remaining land. He later sends his first two sons to school, also apprenticing the second one to a merchant, and retains the third one on the land.
ellauri083.html on line 153: Independent People (Icelandic: Sjálfstætt fólk) is an epic novel by Nobel laureate Halldór Laxness, originally published in two volumes in 1934 and 1935; literally the title means "Self-standing folk". It deals with the struggle of poor Icelandic farmers in the early 20th century, only freed from debt bondage in the last generation, and surviving on isolated crofts in an inhospitable landscape.
ellauri083.html on line 159: The "first chapter summons up the days when the world was first settled, in 874 AD—for that is the year when the Norsemen arrived in Iceland, and one of the book's wry conceits is that no other world but Iceland exists. ... The book is set in the early decades of the twentieth century but ... Independent People is a pointedly timeless tale. It reminds us that life on an Icelandic croft had scarcely altered over a millennium". As the story begins, Bjartur ("bright" or "fair") has recently managed to put down the first payment on his own farm, after eighteen years working as a shepherd at Útirauðsmýri, the home of the well-to-do local bailiff, a man he detests. The land that he buys is said to be cursed by Saint Columba, referred to as "the fiend Kolumkilli", and haunted by an evil woman named Gunnvör, who made a pact with Kólumkilli.
ellauri083.html on line 163: However, Rósa is miserable in her new home, which does not compare well to the luxury she was used to at Rauðsmýri. Bjartur also discovers that she is pregnant by Ingólfur Arnarson Jónsson, the son of the bailiff. In the autumn, Bjartur and the other men of the district ride up into the mountains on the annual sheep round-up, leaving Rósa behind with a gimmer to keep her company. Terrified by a storm one night, desperate for meat and convinced that the gimmer is possessed by the devil, Rósa kills and eats the animal.
ellauri083.html on line 175: PST: How’s love life? Hey! How’s your love life going lately? Get a free love reading & personal horoscope with the most truthful answers. Start to grab every chance for success in your life! Did I mention it’s FREE? (Sponsored Link; 18+ only)
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ellauri083.html on line 250: S. 606, Tena-aikuisalusvaatteen vuosi: lomitettu televiihde, 932/1864 resoluutio (vau...) risc-konsolilta ja ilman, pink2 (lue OS-2), pormestarin jälkeinen digisatelliittijärjestelmä, menut ja kuvakkeet (oho...), pixelitön internet fax, 3-4 kanavaiset modeemit säädettävällä linjanopeudella (eikai...), webinjälkeiset jakelualueet, niin HD-näytöt että on käytännössä paikalla, kustannustehokkaat Zoom videopuhelinneuvottelut, fox-kanavan sisäinen cd-rom, sähkoinen sultan conture, yleiskonsolit, Youshityoun keraamiset nanoprosessorit, laserkromatografia, virtuaalipalvelun mahdollistavat mediakortit, kuituoptinen pulssi, digitaalikoodaus, tappajasovelmat, rannehermosärky tenniskyynärpää valonarkuusmigreeni rasvapakaraisuus selkästressi hikinen pälvikalju vielä kaiken kukkuraxi.
ellauri083.html on line 332: Although they have flirted with the cathectic (affective) and conative (motivational) modes of consciousness, in the context of identity salience or prominence (Stryker 1968, 1980; McCall and Simmons 1978), identity theorists have generally viewed identities in cognitive terms (see MacKinnon 1994).
ellauri083.html on line 336: For all their profusion, these paled in comparison with Sachs's newest display pieces: The Cabinet, 2014, and The Rockeths, 2017. The former was a folding case fashioned from orange-and-white striped barricades and festooned with hundreds of tools, hung in groups and inscribed with the names of individuals who have "inspired, influenced, or frightened" the artist--from Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn to the members of the Wu-Tang Clan--while the latter was less a cabinet than a kind of portable workbench and shelving unit, similarly jam-packed with the tools of the artist's trade, as well as a collection of model rockets, all again labeled to namecheck various figures of personal importance--scientists, musicians, artists; Apollo, Dionysus, Stringer Bell. The fetishistic frisson the assembled materials (pens, pliers, drill bits, tape measures) clearly provoke in Sachs was made even more explicit in McMasterbation, 2016, one of a trio of scale-model space modules arrayed on plinths. Featuring a copy of the legendarily comprehensive McMaster-Carr hardware catalogue spread open like a porn mag centerfold designed for lonely gearheads--alongside a ready supply of Vaseline and a handy tissue dispenser--it was part cathectic confession of objectophilia and part self-derogating indictment of his own work's tendencies toward sometimes masturbatory excess. Smart and stupid, funny and somehow a bit sad, it was classic Sachs: too much information, in every sense of the phrase.
ellauri083.html on line 338: Hendershot recalls that, in the Schreber case, God was believed to manifest his creative and destructive power as celestial rays (Freud 22). As with spider-webs and hedgehogs quills, this radial pattern describing dilation and contraction, movement back and forth from center to circumference and from circumference to center, is the essential figure for the paranoid narcissism of a subject who feels threatened by the world and guilty for having taken "his own body [...] as his love-object" (Freud 60). Signaling Fistule's repressed homosexuality, the rays of his intelligence had first been focused on the masochistic annihilation of his genitals, which he denies were the original object of his love ("organes hideux," "vomitoires de dejections"), and then had been used in reconstructing a sexless new reality. Insisting on his exemption from the Naturalist law of biological determinism, Fistule denies his human parentage and maintains that he was born of a star, which, shining like the rays of his genius, had inseminated him and allowed him to be the father of himself, causa sui. Homosexual guilt initially projected as the corruptibility of matter is overcome by Fistule's principle of Stellogenesis, which turns flesh into radiance and bodies into starlight. As Hendershot concludes: "In Freud's theory, the paranoiac withdraws from the world (decathexis), directs his or her cathectic energy to the ego resulting in self-aggrandizement, and then attempts to reestablish a cathectic relationship with the world in the form of a delusional system"
ellauri083.html on line 346: The series is usually categorized as a situation comedy, though it has also been described as a "dark comedy" or a "dramedy" because of the often dramatic subject matter. Valkoisen Amerikan valmiixinaurettua noiria.
ellauri083.html on line 348: Early seasons aired on network prime time while the Vietnam War was still going on; the show was forced to walk the fine line of commenting on that war while at the same time not seeming to protest against it. For this reason, the show's discourse, under the cover of comedy, often questioned, mocked, and grappled with America's role in the Cold War.
ellauri083.html on line 374: At age seven Dylan first accused Allen of touching her inappropriately—a bombshell allegation that definitively tore apart the blended Allen-Farrow family, which was already reeling from Farrow’s discovery of nude photographs of her adopted daughter Soon-Yi Previn at Allen’s apartment. Dylan’s accusation has reverberated in the media ever since. Dylan would consistently repeat the allegation over the years—to her mother, to therapists, to experts, and to former Connecticut state prosecutor Frank Maco, who found probable cause for bringing a criminal case against Allen. (Maco said he ultimately declined to do so out of concern for retraumatizing a fragile child.)
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ellauri083.html on line 419: If humans evolved from apes as claimed by science books, why has it been that ever since then humans have not evolved to another thing more than human? What evolved the apes before the evolution to humans?
ellauri083.html on line 434: Supposedly, NASA scientists and engineers puzzled over this problem until one of them opened the Bible to Joshua 10:12–14 and 2 Kings 20:8–11. The NASA personnel supposedly came to realize that their missing day could be explained by addition of nearly a day at the time of Joshua and an additional 40 minutes at the time of Hezekiah, thus proving that these biblical events actually occurred.
ellauri083.html on line 436: This story is not new, but rather it is a modern retelling of an even older story. In the 1930s, Harry Rimmer made reference to how science had proved the missing day of Joshua, and this story continued to circulate within Christian circles for decades. Rimmer’s mention of this may have been the origin of Hill’s story. Rimmer based his statement upon an 1890 book by C. A. L. Totten, Joshua’s Long Day and the Dial of Ahaz, a Scientific Vindication and “a Midnight Cry.” Totten did a very elaborate computation of the date of the battle of Gibeon since the creation.
ellauri083.html on line 440: The fact that NASA computers have not proved the account of Joshua’s long day does not mean that there was no miracle at the battle of Gibeon as recorded in the book of Joshua. We know that God’s word is inspired. Therefore, we know that the Bible is authoritative in all things, including history. Since Joshua 10:12–14 tells us that God performed this miracle, we can be assured that indeed He did perform this miracle. As Joshua 10:14 described it, “There has been no day like it before or since” (ESV).
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ellauri083.html on line 514: I will tell you why; so shall my anticipation prevent your discovery, and your secrecy to the King and Queen moult no feather. I have of late, but wherefore I know not, lost all my mirth, forgone all custom of exercises; and indeed, it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy the air, look you, this brave o’erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to me than a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours. What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason? How infinite in faculties, in form and moving, how express and admirable? In action how like an angel? In apprehension, how like a god? The beauty of the world, the paragon of animals. And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust? Man delights not me; no, nor woman neither, though by your smiling you seem to say so.
ellauri088.html on line 35: Read More: sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip">https://www.looper.com/281229/why-arrival-is-the-best-sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip
ellauri088.html on line 41: Read More: sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip">https://www.looper.com/281229/why-arrival-is-the-best-sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip
ellauri088.html on line 45: Read More: sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip">https://www.looper.com/281229/why-arrival-is-the-best-sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip
ellauri088.html on line 57: Read More: sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip">https://www.looper.com/281229/why-arrival-is-the-best-sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip
ellauri088.html on line 61: Read More: sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip">https://www.looper.com/281229/why-arrival-is-the-best-sci-fi-movie-of-all-time/?utm_campaign=clip
ellauri088.html on line 88: Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) used Weber and Fechner’s work on the relationship between subjective and physical intensities as a key component in the establishment of psychology as an independent science. Voluntarism, as Wundt’s new psychology became known, focused upon the specific subject matter of immediate conscious experiences of an adult studied by systematic introspection.
ellauri088.html on line 90: Voluntarismus [engl. voluntarism; lat. voluntas Wille], [EM, PHI], Lehre von der Bedeutung des Willens. Wundt entwickelte eine theoretische Konzeption der Willenstätigkeit (Willenshandlungen) und deren psych. Verbindung mit Sinneseindrücken, Gefühlen, Affekten und Vorstellungen zur Einleitung einer Handlung (Apperzeption). Von den aktiven und schöpferisch-synthetischen Apperzeptionsprozessen des Bewusstseins ausgehend sieht Wundt die einheitsstiftende Funktion in den Willensvorgängen und bewussten Zwecksetzungen der Handlungen. Auf der Grundlage seiner empirischen Ps. entwickelte er einen psych. Voluntarismus und erweiterte diesen später zu einem metaphysischen Voluntarismus (ähnlich Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz). Wundt hält allerdings daran fest, dass seine empir. Ps. unabhängig von den versch. Lehren der Metaphysik (u. a. Arthur Schopenhauers Voluntarismus) entstanden sei.
ellauri088.html on line 93: Wundt wanted to catalog all possible basic immediate experiences, and form a “periodical table of elements” as chemistry did, through observing consciousness.
ellauri088.html on line 94: The way to observe consciousness is through the method of introspection of
ellauri088.html on line 95: basic immediate experience (ex: the experience of “redness” or “discomfort”)
ellauri088.html on line 97: Several sensations form an idea. Several feelings form a composite feeling. Emotions are affective processes over time (they have a beginning, a middle, and an end). Volitions are changes in ideas or feelings that bring an emotion to an end. oAApperception is also relevant to clinical psychology. Projective tests such as the Rorschach and the TAT are based on the concept of apperception. (TAT: Thematic Apperception Test) Why is it that we perceive reality this or that way? Skewed perception may be connected with mental illness. Like seeing naked women undressing everywhere. There is a will involved there.
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ellauri088.html on line 380: Ramma alla hippier. Använd vid behov gas och batong och bura in dem bara, skriver Arvonen på Twitter. Några timmar senare var han ute på Twitter igen, då med en tillägg om at han var full när han skrev inlägget. Jag uppmutrar inte till at någon skall dödas när hen blir påkörd. Min tweet var obetänksam. Fascistisk och omoralisk var den inte.
ellauri088.html on line 436: Haju Pisilä fick en knuff i ryggen som han mycket väl hade förtjänat av en rakryggad finländare. "Det var ingen knuff", ven Pisilä, "det var ett riktigt nävslag, jag fick blåmärken på ryggen. Demokratin är en så värdefull sak att det inte får offras bara för att publiken får knuffa mig på gatan! Sparka ut den eländiga säkerhetschefen som såg knuffen! Han hade inget ärende att sticka näsan i det här! Delera videomaterialet, det är säkerhetsbeläggt! Det visar min bakdel i ett mycket ofördelaktigt ljus! Fan anamma, Haju, du borde ha fått istället för en knuff ett rejält knull i röven! Och filmen därpå borde förvaras i Suomi Filmi's arkiv på nationalklenoder.
ellauri088.html on line 547: His 1908 play The Passing of the Third Floor Back introduced a more sombre and religious Jerome. The play was a tremendous commercial success. It was twice made into film, in 1918 and in 1935. However, the play was condemned by critics – Max Beerbohm described it as "vilely stupid" and as written by a "tenth-rate writer".
ellauri088.html on line 555: Three invalids.—Sufferings of George and Harris.—A victim to one hundred and seven fatal maladies.—Useful prescriptions.—Cure for liver complaint in children.—We agree that we are overworked, and need rest.—A week on the rolling deep?—George suggests the River.—Montmorency lodges an objection.—Original motion carried by majority of three to one.
ellauri088.html on line 557: Plans discussed.—Pleasures of “camping-out,” on fine nights.—Ditto, wet nights.—Compromise decided on.—Montmorency, first impressions of.—Fears lest he is too good for this world, fears subsequently dismissed as groundless.—Meeting adjourns.
ellauri088.html on line 571: George is introduced to work.—Heathenish instincts of tow-lines.—Ungrateful conduct of a double-sculling skiff.—Towers and towed.—A use discovered for lovers.—Strange disappearance of an elderly lady.—Much haste, less speed.—Being towed by girls: exciting sensation.—The missing lock or the haunted river.—Music.—Saved!
ellauri088.html on line 581: Then Harris tried to open the tin with a pocket-knife, and broke the knife and cut himself badly; and George tried a pair of scissors, and the scissors flew up, and nearly put his eye out. While they were dressing their wounds, I tried to make a hole in the thing with the spiky end of the hitcher, and the hitcher slipped and jerked me out between the boat and the bank into two feet of muddy water, and the tin rolled over, uninjured, and broke a teacup.
ellauri088.html on line 601: It appeared that the song was not a comic song at all. It was about a young girl who lived in the Hartz Mountains, and who had given up her life to save her lover’s soul; and he died, and met her spirit in the air; and then, in the last verse, he jilted her spirit, and went on with another spirit—I’m not quite sure of the details, but it was something very sad, I know. Herr Boschen said he had sung it once before the German Emperor, and he (the German Emperor) had sobbed like a little child. He (Herr Boschen) said it was generally acknowledged to be one of the most tragic and pathetic songs in the German language.
ellauri088.html on line 606: There is an iron “scold’s bridle” in Walton Church. They used these things in ancient days for curbing women’s tongues. They have given up the attempt now. I suppose iron was getting scarce, and nothing else would be strong enough.
ellauri088.html on line 618: The “sampler” that the eldest daughter did at school will be spoken of as “tapestry of the Victorian era,” and be almost priceless. The blue-and-white mugs of the present-day roadside inn will be hunted up, all cracked and chipped, and sold for their weight in gold, and rich people will use them for claret cups; and travellers from Japan will buy up all the “Presents from Ramsgate,” and “Souvenirs of Margate,” that may have escaped destruction, and take them back to Jedo as ancient English curios.
ellauri088.html on line 629: Erich Kästner war ein wehmütiger Satiriker und ein augenzwinkernder Skeptiker. Er war Deutschlands hoffnungsvollster Pessimist und der deutschen Literatur positivster Negationsrat. War er ein Schulmeister? Aber ja doch, nur eben Deutschlands amüsantester und geistreichster. Er war ein Prediger, der stolz die Narrenkappe trug. (Marcel Reich-Ranicki)
ellauri089.html on line 44: Hein m. in der Wendung Freund Hein Bezeichnung für den ‘Tod’. Der Personenname Hein ist die Koseform von Heinrich und zunächst auch eine verhüllende Umschreibung für den ‘Teufel’, mhd. hein (14. Jh.), nhd. Henn (16. Jh.). Die Bedeutungsübertragung auf den Tod als ein ebenfalls gefürchtetes Wesen wird Claudius (1774) zugeschrieben, der mit dem Zusatz Freund dem Tod zugleich seine vermeintliche Dämonie nehmen und ihn als vertrauten letzten Begleiter des Menschen charakterisieren will.
ellauri089.html on line 48: Robert Anson Heinlein (/ˈhaɪnlaɪn/; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science-fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and Naval officer. Sometimes called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accuracy in his fiction, and was thus a pioneer of the subgenre of hard science fiction. His published works, both fiction and non-fiction, express admiration for competence and emphasize the value of critical thinking. His work continues to have an influence on the science-fiction genre, and on modern culture more generally.
ellauri089.html on line 49: He, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are often considered the "Big Three" of English-language science fiction authors.
ellauri089.html on line 62: Heinlein's experience in the Navy exerted a strong influence on his character and writing. In 1929, he graduated from the Naval Academy with the equivalent of a Bachelor of Arts degree in Engineering, ranking fifth in his class academically but with a class standing of 20th of 243 due to disciplinary demerits.
ellauri089.html on line 66: The schooling and the training flight that follows occupy approximately three-quarters of the book and are certainly based on Heinlein’s own experiences at the U.S. Naval Academy.
ellauri089.html on line 67: And the psychological testing, in which the boys are tested for certain character traits (and through which Heinlein begins to articulate his own philosophy about winners and losers), is even more fascinating.
ellauri089.html on line 69: Heinlein draws on his knowledge of school societies to make the Academy a “real” place; there are bull sessions, roommate problems, anxieties about passing, shared food packages, and parties at the Academy just as there are at any school, especially a boarding school or college. Also, as Matt becomes more and more a Cadet, he finds, as do many of Heinlein’s juvenile heroes, that he has grown beyond his family and that there is an unbridgeable gulf between his perspective as a Cadet and his parents’ perspectives as ground-dwellers in Kansas City. His living and working in space is a part of it, but even more important, Matt realizes, is his membership in an international/interplanetary organization. He is no longer the boy he was when he left home. He becomes aware of this difference and, understanding it, is able to deal with a family that now seems somewhat provincial to him.
ellauri089.html on line 74: Another Cadet, Girard Burke, is asked to resign. The reader has know for a long time that Burke, who is certainly mentally and physically capable, does not have the right attitude to be a Patrolman. He is, among other things, too skeptical of the ideals for which the Patrol stands. Burke resigns, goes into his father’s business, becomes an ship’s captain immediately, gets himself in venereal trouble on Venus, and has to call on the Patrol to rescue him from his own self-centered and stupid mistakes. Matt, Tex, and Oscar do rescue him and, with that action, prove the worth of the characteristics—perseverance, loyalty, intelligence, idealism, integrity, and courage—that Heinlein champions throughout Space Cadet and the other novels in the series. Vittu mikä nazi.
ellauri089.html on line 77: Heinlein used his science fiction to earn money and as a way to explore his provocative social and political ideas, and to speculate how progress in science and engineering might shape the future of politics, race, religion, and sex. Within the framework of his science-fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly addressed certain social themes: the importance of being earnest, individual liberty and self-reliance, the nature of incestual sexual relationships, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress nonconformist thought. He also speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices.
ellauri089.html on line 96: When Robert A. Heinlein opened his Colorado Springs newspaper on April 5, 1958, he read a full-page ad demanding that the Eisenhower Administration stop testing nuclear weapons. The science fiction author was flabbergasted. He called for the formation of the Patrick Henry League and spent the next several weeks writing and publishing his own polemic that lambasted "Communist-line goals concealed in idealistic-sounding nonsense" and urged Americans not to become "soft-headed".
ellauri089.html on line 101: That made him the first science fiction writer to break out of the "pulp ghetto". He also wrote for Boys' Life in 1952.
ellauri089.html on line 110: The least science-y Heinlein is probably Double Star, about an actor who stands in for a galactic leader.
ellauri089.html on line 114: From Rocket Ship Galileo (1947) to Have Space Suit—Will Travel (1958), Robert A. Heinlein wrote twelve novels, all published by Scribners, that were aimed at what we now call the juvenile market. In Dr. Johnson’s sense of the word, they are classics in their field, they have stood the test of time. They appeared first in hardback—unusual in a field in which, until the 1950s or 1960s, almost all major works were published in magazines or in paperback; and during the 1950s, hardback copies of these novels could be found in school and public libraries all across the country. These novels later appeared in paperback and have remained available in that form to the present. Heinlein’s juvenile novels have been largely ignored by both science fiction critics and critics of children’s literature; but even a half century after they were written, these novels are still “contemporary” and are still among the best science fiction in the range.
ellauri089.html on line 138: Growing up Mr. Heinlein was and still is one of my favorite writers...He is old school none of this sodomite loving and liberal rectum kissing for him he was a TRUE Flag Waving AMERICAN Patriot! And we need MEN like him today and NOT that COMMIE Sodomite Rag Head Zebera occupying OUR White House today!
ellauri089.html on line 149: The last juvenile, Have Space Suit—Will Travel, recapitulates and surpasses the other books in the series as Kip Russell travels first to the moon, then to Pluto, then to a planet in Vega’s system, and finally to the Lesser Magellanic Cloud; he eventually comes home by a circular route! All of the books feature young people, primarily young men—but a surprising number of strong female characters, growing up and going through the process of separating themselves from their sometimes ununderstanding families, discovering their real identities, successfully dealing with bar mitzwah, and by the story’s end, entering the adult world as foreskinless and capable people.
ellauri089.html on line 157: He is a great fan of nuclear power. He certainly fails to challenge the reader to think critically about what the future climate might be like. In addition, Heinlein presents specific scientific, technological, sociological, moral or ethical, and humanistic situations which will not only intrigue but challenge the reader’s attitudes—about space travel, illegal alien societies, the over-populated future, the nature of time, and so on.
ellauri089.html on line 170: No wonder that Heinlein’s juveniles still enthrall the juvenile readers discovering them for the first time and enchant the older readers, like myself, who discovered them first in the 1950s. (C. W. Sullivan III is Distinguished Research Professor of English at East Carolina University.)
ellauri089.html on line 205: Dave Langford reviewed Job: A Comedy of Justice for White Dwarf #61, and stated that "When blasphemy stops being witty and shocking, it tends to become pointless, like graffiti scrawled on church wall. I didn't dislike this one, but . . . wait for the paperback, eh?"
ellauri089.html on line 215: science_fiction">List of religious ideas in science fiction
ellauri089.html on line 347: "It is easy to see why Robert Heinlein ranks at the top among science fiction writers ... he adds a delightful sense of humor and a deft sense of timing and suspense." (Chicago Sunday Tribune 1958)
ellauri089.html on line 401: Preface. It appears to me that in Ethics, as in all other philosophical studies, the difficulties and disagreements, of which its history is full, are mainly due to a very simple cause: namely to the attempt to answer questions, without first discovering precisely what question it is which you desire to answer. ...
ellauri089.html on line 405: § 1. In order to define Ethics, we must discover what is both common and peculiar to all undoubted ethical judgements; ...
ellauri089.html on line 409: § 3. The subjects of the judgments of a scientific ethics are not, like those of some studies, "particular things"; …
ellauri089.html on line 465: § 30. Darwin's scientific theory of "natural selection," which has mainly caused the modern vogue of the term "Evolution," must be carefully distinguished from certain ideas which are commonly associated with the latter term. …
ellauri089.html on line 471: § 33. A discussion of the third chapter of the Data of Ethics serves to illustrate these two points and to shew that Mr Spencer is in utter confusion with regard to the fundamental principles of Ethics. …
ellauri089.html on line 511: § 52. But pleasure must be distinguished from consciousness of pleasure, and (1) it is plain that, when so distinguished, pleasure is not the sole good; …
ellauri089.html on line 513: § 53. and (2) it may be made equally plain that consciousness of pleasure is not the sole good, if we are equally careful to distinguish it from its usual accompaniments. …
ellauri089.html on line 521: § 57. I conclude, then, that a reflective intuition, if proper precautions are taken, will agree with Common Sense that it is absurd to regard mere consciousness of pleasure as the sole good. …
ellauri089.html on line 548: § 69. But the theory, by which I have defined Metaphysical Ethics, is not that Metaphysics has a logical bearing upon the question involved in practical Ethics "What effects will my action produce?", but that it has such a bearing upon the fundamental ethical question, "What is good in itself?" This theory has been refuted by the proof, in Chap. I, that the naturalistic fallacy is a fallacy; it only remains to discuss certain confusions which seem to have lent it plausibility. …
ellauri089.html on line 566: § 78. (1) It has been commonly held, since Kant, that "goodness" has the same relation to Will or Feeling, which "truth" or "reality" has to Cognition: that the proper method for Ethics is to discover what is implied in Will or Feeling, just as, according to Kant, the proper method for Metaphysics was to discover what is implied in Cognition. …
ellauri089.html on line 587: § 86. The question to be discussed in this chapter must be clearly distinguished from the two questions hitherto discussed, namely (1) What is the nature of the proposition: "This is good in itself"? …
ellauri089.html on line 597: § 91. (2) It is plain that we cannot hope to prove which among all the actions, which it is possible for us to perform on every occasion, will produce the best total results: to discover what is our "duty", in this strict sense, is impossible. It may, however, be possible to shew which among the actions, which we are likely to perform, will produce the best results. …
ellauri089.html on line 621: § 103. (5) We may further see that "virtues" are not to be defined as dispositions that are good in themselves: they are not necessarily more than dispositions to perform actions generally good as means, and of these, for the most part, only those classed as "duties" in accordance with section (4). It follows that to decide whether a disposition is or is not "virtuous" involves the difficult causal investigation discussed in section (3); and that what is a virtue in one state of society may not be so in another. …
ellauri089.html on line 627: § 106. but in order fairly to decide upon the intrinsic value of virtue, we must distinguish three different kinds of disposition, each of which is commonly so called and has been maintained to be the only kind deserving the name. Thus (a) the mere unconscious "habit" of performing duties, which is the commonest type, has no intrinsic value whatsoever; Christian moralists are right in implying that mere "external rightness" has no intrinsic value, though they are wrong in saying that it is therefore not "virtuous", since this implies that it has no value as a means. …
ellauri089.html on line 631: § 108. finally (c) where virtue consists in "conscientiousness", i.e., the disposition not to act, in certain cases, until we believe or feel that our action is right, it seems to have some intrinsic value: the value of this feeling has been peculiarly emphasized by Christian Ethics, but it certainly is not, as Kant would lead us to think, either the sole thing of value, or always good even as a means. …
ellauri089.html on line 674: § 127. and (3) the consciousness of intense pain: this appears to be the only thing, either greatly good or greatly evil, which does not involve both a cognition and an emotion directed towards its object; and hence it is not analogous to pleasure in respect of its intrinsic value, while it also seems not to add to the vileness of the whole, as a whole, in which it is combined with another bad thing, whereas pleasure does add to the goodness of a whole, in which it is combined with another good thing; …
ellauri090.html on line 36: A Academia surgiu mais como um vínculo de ordem cordial entre amigos do que de ordem intelectual. No entanto, a ideia do instituto não foi bem aceita por alguns: Antônio Sales testemunhou numa página de reminiscência: "Lembro-me bem que José Veríssimo, pelo menos, não lhe fez bom acolhimento. Machado, creio, fez a princípio algumas objeções." Como presidente, Machado fazia sugestões, concordava com ideias, insinuava, mas nada impunha nem impedia aos companheiros. Era um acadêmico assíduo. Das 96 sessões que a Academia realizou durante a sua presidência, faltou somente a duas.
ellauri090.html on line 68: [14.3. 9.34] Bo Egov: Outra carta justifica uma certa complexidade no começo de seu relacionamento: "Sofreste tanto que até perdeste a consciência do teu império; estás pronta a obedecer; admiras-te de seres obedecida", o que é um mistério para os recentes estudiosos das correspondências do autor.
ellauri090.html on line 90: Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (Rio de Janeiro, 21 de junho de 1839 – Rio de Janeiro, 29 de setembro de 1908) foi um escritor brasileiro, considerado por muitos críticos, estudiosos, escritores e leitores um dos maiores senão o maior nome da literatura do Brasil.
ellauri090.html on line 94: Escreveu em praticamente todos os gêneros literários, sendo poeta, romancista, cronista, dramaturgo, contista, folhetinista, jornalista e crítico literário. Testemunhou a Abolição da escravatura e a mudança política no país quando a República substituiu o Império, além das mais diversas reviravoltas pelo mundo em finais do século XIX e início do XX, tendo sido grande comentador e relator dos eventos político-sociais de sua época.
ellauri090.html on line 105: Following The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas (1881) and preceding Dom Casmurro (1899), this book is considered by modern critics to be the second of Machado de Assis's realist trilogy, in which the author was concerned with using pessimism and irony to criticize the customs and philosophy of his time, in the process parodying scientism, Social darwinism, and Comte's positivism, although he did not remove all Romantic elements from the plot.
ellauri090.html on line 107: In contrast to the earlier novel of the trilogy, Quincas Borba was written in third person, telling the story of Rubião, a naive young man who becomes a disciple and later the heir of the titular philosopher Quincas Borba, a character in the earlier novel. While living according to the fictional "Humanitist" philosophy of Quincas Borba, Rubião befriends and is fooled by the greedy Christiano and his wife Sofia who manage to take him for his entire inheritance.
ellauri090.html on line 120: Rubião becomes friends with Dr. Camacho, a lawyer and the editor of a politically oriented newspaper called Atalaia. On his way to meet Dr. Camacho, Rubião rescues a small child, Deolindo, in danger of being run over by a carriage and horses. Rubião then goes on to Dr. Camacho’s office, where he subscribes generously to the capital fund for Atalaia. Dr. Camacho flatters Rubião by publishing an account of Rubião’s heroism in saving Deolindo. Although Rubião is at first modest and dismissive about his heroism, as he reads Camacho’s account he becomes increasingly self-important.
ellauri090.html on line 132: Rubião continues to believe he is Napoleon III, but Doña Fernanda thinks he can be cured. She manages to get him to enter an asylum. She also rescues Quincas Borba and sends the dog to the sanatorium to be with Rubião. After a short time, appearing to be regaining his sanity, Rubião escapes the asylum and returns to Barbacena with Quincas Borba, his only friend. Rubião dies there, and within three days, Quincas Borba dies there as well.
ellauri090.html on line 147: —Bolha não tem opinião. Apparentemente, ha nada mais contristador que uma dessas terriveis pestes que devastam um ponto do globo? E, todavia, esse supposto mal é um beneficio, não só porque elimina os organismos fracos, incapazes de resistencia, como porque dá logar á observação, á descoberta da droga curativa. A hygiene é filha de podridões seculares; devemol-a a milhões de corrompidos e infectos. Nada se perde, tudo é ganho. Repito, as bolhas ficam na agua. Vês este livro? É D. Quixote. Se eu destruir o meu exemplar, não elimino a obra, que continua eterna nos exemplares subsistentes e nas edições posteriores. Eterna e bella, bellamente eterna, como este mundo divino e supra-divino.
ellauri090.html on line 154: Ouça, ignaro. Sou Santo Agostinho; descobri isto ante-hontem; ouça e cale-se. Tudo coincide nas nossas vidas. O santo e eu passámos uma parte do tempo nos deleites e na heresia, porque eu considero heresia tudo o que não é a minha doutrina de Humanitas; ambos furtámos, elle, em pequeno, umas peras de Carthago, eu, já rapaz, um relogio do meu amigo Braz Cubas. Nossas mães eram religiosas e castas. Emfim, elle pensava, como eu, que tudo que existe é bom, e assim o demonstra no cap. XVI, livro VII das Confissões, com a differença que para elle, o mal é um desvio da vontade, illusão propria de um seculo atrazado, concessão ao erro, pois que o mal nem mesmo existe, e só a primeira affirmação é verdadeira; todas as cousas são boas, omnia bona, e adeus.
ellauri090.html on line 165: Pardo (feminine parda) is a term used in the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas to refer to the triracial descendants of Europeans, Amerindians, and West Africans. In some places they were defined as neither exclusively mestizo (Amerindian-European descent), nor mulatto (West African-European descent), nor zambo (Amerindian-West African descent). In colonial Mexico, pardo "became virtually synonymous with mulatto, thereby losing much of its indigenous referencing." In the eighteenth century, pardo might have been the preferred label for blackness. Unlike negro, pardo had no association with slavery. Casta paintings from eighteenth-century Mexico use the label negro never pardo to identify Africans paired with Spaniards.
ellauri090.html on line 167: In Brazil, the word pardo has had a general meaning, since the beginning of the colonization. In the famous letter by Pêro Vaz de Caminha, for example, in which Brazil was first described by the Portuguese, the Amerindians were called "pardo": "Pardo, naked, without clothing". The word has ever since been used to cover African/European mixes, South Asian/European mixes, Amerindian/European/South Asian/African mixes and Amerindians themselves.
ellauri090.html on line 170: Nascido no Morro do Livramento, Rio de Janeiro, de uma família pobre, mal estudou em escolas públicas e nunca frequentou universidade. Para o considerado crítico literário norte-americano Harold Bloom, Machado de Assis é o maior escritor negro de todos os tempos, embora outros estudiosos prefiram especificar que Machado era mestiço, filho de um descendente de negros alforriados e de uma lavadeira portuguesa.
ellauri090.html on line 198: Seu Quincas Borba apresenta um conceito onde "a ascensão de um se faz a partir da anulação do outro" e que, em essência, constitui a vida inteira do personagem Rubião, que morre desagregado e crendo ser Napoleão.
ellauri090.html on line 202: Os críticos notam que na segunda metade do século XIX os intelectuais brasileiros interessavam-se com o "surgimento de novas ideias" como o já citado positivismo de Comte e o evolucionismo social de Spencer. Ao que tudo indica, Machado não compartilhava deste interesse e escreveu seus romances com ceticismo (skeptisesti) a estas escolas filosóficas e políticas. Em Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, por exemplo, um importante aspecto do pessimismo de Brás Cubas é sua visão de que os valores são arbitrários.
ellauri090.html on line 211: Machado de Assis nasceu em 21 de junho de 1839, no Morro do Livramento, no Rio de Janeiro, então capital do Império, em pleno Período Regencial. Seu pai foi Francisco José de Assis, um "mulato" que pintava paredes, filho de Francisco de Assis e Inácia Maria Rosa, ambos Negros e escravos alforriados.
ellauri090.html on line 213: Ambos os pais de Machado de Assis sabiam ler e escrever, fato incomum na sua época e classe social. Ambos eram agregados da Dona Maria José de Mendonça Barrozo Pereira, esposa do falecido senador Bento Barroso Pereira, que abrigou seus pais e os permitiu morar junto com ela. Nascera junto a ele uma irmã, que morreu jovem, aos 4 anos, em 1845.
ellauri090.html on line 215: Quando Machado tinha apenas um ano de idade, em 1840, decretava-se a maioridade de D. Pedro II, tema que viria a tratar anos mais tarde em Dom Casmurro. Ao completar 10 anos, Machado tornou-se órfão de mãe. Mudou-se com seu pai para São Cristóvão, na Rua São Luís de Gonzaga nº48 e logo o pai se casou com sua madrasta (äitipuoli) Maria Inês da Silva em 18 de junho de 1854. Ela cuidaria do garoto quando Francisco viesse a morrer um tempo depois.
ellauri090.html on line 217: Segundo escrevem alguns biógrafos, a madrasta confeccionava doces numa escola reservada para meninas e Machado teve aulas no mesmo prédio, enquanto à noite estudava língua francesa com um padeiro imigrante. Certos biógrafos notam seu imenso e precoce interesse e abstração por livros.
ellauri090.html on line 234: Um de seus amigos, Faustino Xavier de Novaes (1820–1869), poeta residente em Petrópolis, e jornalista da revista O Futuro, estava mantendo sua irmã, a portuguesa Carolina Augusta Xavier de Novais, desde 1866 em sua casa, quando ela chegou ao Rio de Janeiro do Porto. Segundo os biógrafos, veio a fim de cuidar de seu irmão que estava enfermo, enquanto outros dizem que foi para esquecer uma frustração amorosa. Carolina despertara a atenção de muitos cariocas; muitos homens que a conheciam achavam-na atraente, e extremamente simpática. Com o poeta, jornalista e dramaturgo Machado de Assis não fora diferente. Tão logo conhecera a irmã do amigo, logo apaixonou-se. Até essa data o único livro publicado de Machado era o poético Crisálidas (Koteloita, 1864) e também havia escrito a peça Hoje Avental, Amanhã Luva (1860), ambos sem muita repercussão. Carolina era cinco anos mais velha que ele; deveria ter uns trinta e dois anos na época do noivado.
ellauri090.html on line 280: Estava apaixonado por sua "Carola", apelido dado pelo marido. Entusiasmava a esposa com cartas românticas e que previam o destino dos dois; durante o noivado, em 2 de março de 1869, Machado havia escrito uma carta íntima que dizia: "...depois, querida, ganharemos o mundo, porque só é verdadeiramente senhor do mundo quem está acima das suas glórias fofas e das suas ambições estéreis." Suas cartas endereçadas a Carolina são todas assinadas como "Machadinho"
ellauri090.html on line 282: Outra carta justifica uma certa complexidade no começo de seu relacionamento: "Sofreste tanto que até perdeste a consciência do teu império; estás pronta a obedecer; admiras-te de seres obedecida", o que é um mistério para os recentes estudiosos das correspondências do autor.
ellauri090.html on line 285: Conta-se que muito provavelmente tenha influenciado no modo de Machado escrever e, consecutivamente, tenha contribuído para a transição de sua narrativa convencional à realista (ver Trilogia Realista). Não tiveram filhos.
ellauri090.html on line 291: Machado de Assis e Carolina Augusta teriam vivido uma "vida conjugal perfeita" por 35 anos. Quando os amigos certa vez desconfiaram de uma traição por parte de Machado, seguiram-no e acabaram por descobrir que ele ia todas as tardes avistar a moça do quadro de A Dama do Livro (1882), de Roberto Fontana. Ao saberem que Machado não podia comprá-lo, deram-lhe de presente, o que o deixou particularmente feliz e grato.
ellauri090.html on line 301: Seus dois primeiros livros de estreia, Crisálidas (1864) e Falenas (1870), são poéticos. Vinte e dois poemas, escritos entre 1858 e 64, compunham este primeiro livro. Há nestes poemas todos uma emoção "menos desbordante" que o comum lirismo da literatura brasileira. As Crisálidas eram inspiradas pelo higor por intensas emoções amorosas ou pelo belo do feminino.
ellauri090.html on line 303: Entre a temática na obra machadiana destaca-se a escravidão, os papéis sociais, a mulher, o ciúmes, a filosofia, como também a loucura, a solidão e a homossexualidade.
ellauri090.html on line 304: Ainda assim, aparecem já nos romances da segunda fase, sobretudo em Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas e em Quincas Borba, e mesmo em diversos contos, todos os elementos centrais trazidos de forma contundente pelo Realismo: a crítica social, sobretudo uma crítica dirigida à burguesia, a crítica à escravidão, ao uso do "homem pelo homem", a crítica a um sistema capitalista puramente interesseiro, financeiro, calculista do dinheiro pelo dinheiro e da mercantilização da vida, das relações, do casamento etc.
ellauri090.html on line 306: Os romances machadianos tratam frequentemente da escravidão sob o ponto de vista cínico do senhor de escravos, sempre criticando-o de forma oblíqua. Sobre a escravidão, Machado de Assis já havia tido uma experiência familiar, quer por seus avós paternos terem sido escravos, quer porque lia os jornais com anúncios de escravos fugitivos. Em seu tempo, a literatura que denunciava crenças etnocêntricas que posicionavam os negros no último grau da escala social era distorcida ou tolhida, de modo que este tema encontra uma grande expressividade na obra do autor.
ellauri090.html on line 308: A começar, as Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas narra o que seria uma das páginas de ficção mais perturbadoras já escritas sobre a psicologia do escravismo: o negro liberto compra seu próprio escravo para tirar sua desforra. (Kosto)
ellauri090.html on line 309: O fim da escravidão levara os aparelhos de ferro para a extinção, mas não levou a miséria e a pobreza. A grande parte do trabalho que era exercido pelos escravos, restava aos homens livres trabalhos mal remunerados e instáveis.
ellauri090.html on line 310: Machado de Assis escrevia as violências implícitas, como a dissimulação e a falsa camaradagem na relação senhor e escravo.
ellauri090.html on line 315: Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas tece críticas aos beneficiários da escravidão no Segundo Império, ricos, que não trabalhavam e que por isso lutavam e esperavam sua herança familiar, personificados no personagem Brás Cubas e nos outros;
ellauri090.html on line 317: Dom Casmurro — que recebeu diversas interpretações ao longo do tempo — provavelmente é a obra machadiana que mais tenha sido interpretada de maneiras diferentes e vastas, destaque para a interpretação feminista de Helen Caldwell, mas a maioria dos críticos concordam que a obra, por um lado, retrata um brasileiro entre o liberalismo e as antigas tradições da monarquia escravocrata, e, por outro lado, destrói a imagem da amada, Capitu, que seria símbolo de um novo tempo e um risco ao status quo, por ser menina pobre, livre e inteligente (embora alguns poucos tenham afirmado que ela realmente o traiu);
ellauri090.html on line 323: Há críticos que também se focam nos temas e elementos de existencialismo, reflexão e afins que essas obras possuem. De fato, a trilogia foi muito influenciada por filósofos como Blaise Pascal, Montaigne e Schopenhauer.
ellauri090.html on line 327: Sua mensagem artística se dá por meio de uma interrupção na narrativa para dialogar com o leitor sobre a própria escritura do romance, ou sobre o caráter de determinado personagem ou sobre qualquer outro tema universal, numa organização metalinguística que constituía seu principal interesse como autor.
ellauri090.html on line 329: A frase machadiana é simples, sem enfeites. Os períodos em geral são curtos, as palavras muito bem escolhidas e não há vocabulário difícil (alguma dificuldade que pode ter um leitor de hoje se deve ao fato de que certas palavras caíram em desuso). Mas com esses recursos limitados Machado consegue um estilo de extraordinária expressividade, com um fraseado de agilidade incomparável.
ellauri090.html on line 333: Chamamos aparência aquilo que aparece a nossos olhos, aquilo que primeiramente surge à observação; chamamos essência aquilo que consideramos a verdade, aquilo que é encoberto pela aparência. Mas o que tomamos por essência pode não ser mais do que outra aparência. O estilo machadiano focaliza as personagens de fora para dentro, vai descascando as pessoas, aparência atrás de aparência. Por isso, Machado é considerado grande "analista da alma humana".
ellauri090.html on line 335: Uma das características mais atraentes e refinadas de Machado de Assis é sua ironia, uma ironia que, embora chegue francamente ao humor em certas situações, tem geralmente uma sutileza que só a faz perceptível a leitores de sensibilidade já treinada em textos de alta qualidade. Essa ironia é a arma mais corrosiva da crítica machadiana dos comportamentos, dos costumes, das estruturas sociais. Machado a desenvolveu a partir de grandes escritores ingleses que apreciava e nos quais se inspirou (sobretudo o originalíssimo Lawrence Sterne, romancista do século XVIII). Na representação dos comportamentos humanos, a ironia de Machado de Assis se associa àquilo que é classificado como o seu grande poder 'analista da alma humana'.
ellauri090.html on line 337: Machado de Assis, como exímio intelectual e leitor, atribui a sua obra caráteres de arquétipos. Os acadêmicos também notam a constante presença do pessimismo. Suas últimas obras de ficção assumem uma postura desencantada da vida, da sociedade, e do homem. Crê-se que não acreditava em nenhum valor de seu tempo e nem mesmo em algum outro valor e que o importante para ele seria desmascarar o cinismo e a hipocrisia política e social.
ellauri090.html on line 343: Certos críticos encontram no personagem Bentinho de Dom Casmurro uma certa homossexualidade voltada a seu amigo Escobar. Como no trecho:
ellauri090.html on line 350: Suas mulheres são "capazes de conduzir a ação, apesar do predomínio da trama romanesca não ter se esvaziado." As personagens femininas de Machado de Assis, ao contrário das mulheres de outros românticos — que faziam a heroína dependente de outras figuras e indisposta à ação principal na narrativa — são extremamente objetivas e possuem força de caráter.
ellauri090.html on line 363: em que descansas desta longa vida, Jossa pötkötät huilaamassa elämästä,
ellauri090.html on line 424: 5 Altro schermo non trovo che mi scampi Non ho altro modo per difendermi dalla gente Muuta keinoa ei mulla ole puolustautua
ellauri090.html on line 430: 10 et fiumi et selve sappian di che tempre i fiumi e i boschi sappiano quale sia ja joet sekä mezät tietää millasta
ellauri090.html on line 431: sia la mia vita, ch’è celata altrui. la mia vita, che tengo nascosta a tutti. on mun elämä, jota piilottelen jengiltä.
ellauri092.html on line 74: scripture.com%2FGraphics.Voice%2FD.L.Moody.med.jpg&f=1&nofb=1" />
ellauri092.html on line 78: Dwight Lyman Moody was born into a bankrupt family of nine children with a father who loved whiskey and who died when Dwight was just four. His mother sent them to a school where he learnt very little, and she sent them to the First Congregational Church where he learnt less. His upbringing was something of a disciplined, Puritan-influenced life.
ellauri092.html on line 82: In April 1855 young Edward Kimball a Sunday school teacher was deeply burdened by Moody’s sole. Kimball left his house and made his way to the shoe shop where Moody worked with the intention of confronting Moody about his standing in front of Cod. A thousand contrary thoughts invaded the young man’s mind and he almost turned back. When he realized he had passed the shop he decided he would go for it and get it over with quickly. With what he later thought was a very weak plea with tears in his eyes he challenged Moody concerning his salivation, Cod’s tail and his need of a waist. That day in the back of the shop on his knees Moody accepted his price and Kimball returned home within minutes with new soles. Salivation while you wait.
ellauri092.html on line 84: The first change in Moody was that he received a burden to see all his family earnings saved. Later that year he moved to Chicago and although he started to show signs of real shoe business ability and success, when he experienced the revival which commenced in that city in January 1857, business success faded into insignificance. He was ruined - success of this world no longer interested him instead, he began to glow in Christian virtue. He mixed freely amongst Plymouth Brethren, Methodist Episcopal, Congregationalists and Baptists. The years passed and he worked with the men in tights at YMCA and raised up one of the most unusual Sunday Schools of that day which became a church. He reluctantly began to preach and haggled every step of the way. He turned down Congregational ordination and remained a simple uneducated layman with a burden for souls. Having heard of Spurgeon’s ministry in London he did all he could to get hold of and read every Spurgeon sermon. He took thorough hold of Spurgeon’s three ‘R’s: Ruin by the fall, Redemption by the Blood, and Regeneration by the Holy Mackerel. This flowed through every one of his messages and was the marrow of Moody’s theology. Many thought him too radical and so nicknamed him ‘Crazy Moody.’
ellauri092.html on line 96: So in June 1873 he arrived again into Liverpool, England, accompanied by his asthmatic wife and song leader Ira Sankey as his other wife. Key men who were leaders and financers who had invited him with the promise of financial help had died since he was last there. There were no meetings, no funds and no committees. What the fuck. It seemed all was lost. Maybe they would just have to return to America? Only one unattractive invitation came from York in the North of England and so there they went. It was hard ground but in the midst of these meetings one unimpressed minister called F.B. Meyer slowly melted and then ignited with holy fervent fire. Our friends fled the scene as fast as they could. Next the Evangelistic foursome moved to Sunderland for several weeks of sole eating meetings where Cod’s power to inflate liver was manifest. In August they brought coals to Newcastle where a daily paper meeting was conducted with some 300 saints in attendance. No other lighting was necessary. News spread throughout the whole land that Creedence Clearvater Revival was coming to churches and salivation to thousands. Other towns were visited in the same manner and left as quickly as the audience caught on that a less inspiring Yankee foursome was doing the song and play.
ellauri092.html on line 155: The break occurred in 1844, when the Home Mission Society announced that a person could not be simultaneously both a missionary and a slaveowner.[citation needed] Faced with this challenge, the Baptists in the South assembled in May 1845 in Augusta, Georgia, and organized the Southern Baptist Convention, which was pro-slavery. Throughout the remainder of the 19th century and throughout most of the 20th the Southern Baptist Convention continued to protect systemic racism and opposed civil rights for African-Americans, only officially and definitively renouncing slavery and "racial" discrimination with a resolution in 1995.
ellauri092.html on line 159: Wikipedian luettelemat pykälät: raamatun paikkansapitävyys ja auktoriteetti, seurakunta koostuu hurahtaneista, paikallisseurakunnan itsehallinto. yleinen pappeus, kaste ja ehtoollinen, pastori ja diakoni, kirkkojen ja valtion erillisyys, yksilön sielunvapaus, on tämmöstä hallintoa vaan, Tästä kyllä puuttuu tärkein eli se uppokastelu. Muissa poinzeissa en nää eroa muitten kliseisiin. Mut mä en ole disciple.
ellauri092.html on line 178: Methodism thrived in America thanks to the First and Second Great Awakenings beginning in the 1700s. Various African-American denominations were formed during this period, including the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
ellauri092.html on line 186: In the 1930s many Methodists favored isolationist policies. Thus in 1936, Methodist Bishop James Baker, of the San Francisco Conference, released a poll of ministers showing 56% opposed warfare. When war came in 1941, the vast majority of Methodists strongly supported the national war effort, but there were also a few (673) conscientious objectors.
ellauri092.html on line 192: Whereas most American Methodist worship is modeled after the Anglican Communion´s Book of Common Prayer, a unique feature was the once practiced observance of the season of Kingdomtide, which encompasses the last thirteen weeks before Advent, thus dividing the long season after Pentecost into two discrete segments. During Kingdomtide, Methodist liturgy emphasizes charitable work and alleviating the suffering of the poor. This practice was last seen in The Book of Worship for Church and Home by The United Methodist Church, 1965, and The Book of Hymns, 1966. While some congregations and their pastors might still follow this old calendar, the Revised Common Lectionary, with its naming and numbering of Days in the Calendar of the Church Year, is used widely. However, congregations who strongly identify with their African American roots and tradition would not usually follow the Revised Common Lectionary.
ellauri092.html on line 196: Methodists stand almost alone among mainline denominations in not performing same-sex marriages, in contrast to the Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA), the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, and the United Church of Christ.
ellauri092.html on line 200: The plan made it easier to enforce penalties for violating the teaching, which is part of the church´s Book of Discipline.[26]
ellauri092.html on line 202: Like most other national organizations, the Methodist Church experienced tensions and rifts over the slavery dispute. Both sides of the argument used the doctrines of the movement and scriptural evidence to support their case.
ellauri092.html on line 213: Baptists, as their very name implies, adhere to baptism. But not just any baptism – Baptists are more specific on the issue. Baptist subscribe to credo baptism by immersion. That means that they believe in baptism of a confessing believer by immersion into water. They reject pedobaptism and other modes of baptism (sprinkling, pouring, etc.). This is one distinctive that holds true for nearly all Baptist denominations and churches. They are Baptists, after all!
ellauri092.html on line 237: Baptists make this decision entirely at the local level. Local churches usually form search committees, invite and screen applicants, and then select one candidate to present to the church for vote. There are no denomination-wide standards for ordination in many larger Baptist denominations (such as the Southern Baptist Convention) or minimum education requirements for pastors, though most Baptist churches only hire pastors trained at the seminary level.
ellauri092.html on line 239: Major Methodist Bodies, such as the United Methodist Church, have outlined their requirements for ordination in the Book of Discipline, and ordination is governed by the denomination, not by local churches. Local church conferences confer with the district conference to select and hire new pastors.
ellauri092.html on line 245: Most Baptists subscribe to two ordinances of the local church; baptism (as discussed earlier) and the Lord’s Supper. Baptists reject that either of these ordinances are salvific and most subscribe to a symbolic view of both. Baptism is symbolic of the work of Christ in a person’s heart and a profession of faith by the one being baptized, and the Lord’s Supper is symbolic of the atoning work of Jesus Christ and taken as a way to remember the work of Christ.
ellauri092.html on line 247: Methodists also subscribe to baptism and the Lord’s Supper and they similarly see both as signs, not as the substances, of God’s grace in Christ. Baptism is not a mere profession, however, but also a sign of regeneration. Similarly, the Lord’s Supper is a sign of a Christian’s redemption.
ellauri092.html on line 253: Baptists are traditionally mixed on the Calvinism-Arminianism debate. Few would call themselves true Arminians, and most Baptists would probably self-describe as modified (or moderate) Calvinists – or 4 point Calvinists, rejecting especially the doctrine of Limited Atonement. In contrast to Methodists, most all Baptists believe in the eternal security of a Christian, though many hold to a view of this that is very different from the Reformed doctrine of the Perseverance of the Saints.
ellauri092.html on line 255: There has been a resurgence of Reformed theology among Baptists recently, with some major Baptist seminaries teaching a more classic and robust Reformed theology. There are also many Reformed Baptist churches which would enthusiastically subscribe to Calvinism.
ellauri092.html on line 279: As a young Christian, because of a lack of discipleship, I was literally tossed about on various theological waves because of my emotions. Because of that I was drawn into the Charismatic Movement. Looking back now, I fully realize my error.
ellauri092.html on line 289: Adherents of Keswickianism would agree with the above regarding justification. However, when it comes to sanctification, they move off in a different direction. They generally do not believe the Holy Mackerel comes into the person and takes up residence at salvation, but that the Holy Mackerel simply comes upon the person to seal them with salvation. It is later, at a time they refer to variously as the “second blessing,” or “higher living,” when they say sanctification occurs. Ultimately, their view of sanctification is flat out mysticism akin to New Age’s goal of an altered state of consciousness. This is all based on a strong (and seemingly biblical), desire to emotionally “know” God. The person turns inward to meet the felt needs of self.
ellauri092.html on line 427: Crumbling buildings, unique people, right up against the Mississippi River flood plain with a giant wall; this was the weirdest place I’d ever been in America. Precisely every third house was burned to the ground on one street, everyone standing on both sides of another street was a dwarf, a clerk looked like a zombie. Most American cities have odd scenery. Luxora had that and weird people as well!
ellauri092.html on line 428: But the city that scares me the most is East St. Louis, Illinois. Unlike other American cities, there are NO nice parts of town. In East St. Louis, you’ll have the greatest chance of becoming the victim of a violent crime! They lead in the categories of overall violent crime rate, murder rate, aggravated assault rate, and robbery rate. Nearby St. Louis is 2nd when it comes to violent crime and murder, and among the top five in aggravated assault and robbery. But East St. Louis takes the cake!
ellauri093.html on line 120: 125 schools and directly resulted in 18,000 Christian conversions, as well as the establishment of more than 300 stations of work with more than 500 local helpers in all eighteen provinces. His CIM opposed the opium culture, stupid fool.
ellauri093.html on line 126: Having been accepted as missionaries by Hudson Taylor of the China Inland Mission the seven were scheduled to leave for China in early February 1885. Before leaving the seven held a farewell tour to spread the message across the country – it was during this tour that someone dubbed them "The Cambridge Seven."
ellauri093.html on line 132: Though their time together was brief, they helped catapult the China Inland Mission from obscurity to "almost embarrassing prominence", and their work helped to inspire many recruits for the CIM and other mission societies. In 1885, when the Seven first arrived in China, the CIM had 163 missionaries; this had doubled by 1890 and reached some 800 by 1900, which represented one-third of the entire Protestant missionary force.
ellauri093.html on line 140: This list consists of mostly nineteenth-century figures who were associated with the Brethren movement before the 1848 schism. They are the leading historical figures common to both the Open and Exclusive Brethren.
ellauri093.html on line 178: At a time when Britain was in need of morale-boosting generalship, Wingate attracted British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's attention with a self-reliant aggressive philosophy of war, and was given resources to stage a large-scale operation. The last Chindit campaign may have determined the outcome of the Battle of Kohima, although the offensive into India by the Japanese may have occurred because Wingate's first operation had demonstrated the possibility of moving through the jungle. In practice, both Japanese and British forces suffered severe supply problems and malnutrition.
ellauri093.html on line 182: Wingate was known for various eccentricities. For instance, he often wore an alarm clock around his wrist, which would go off at times, and had raw onions and garlic on a string around his neck, which he would occasionally bite into as a snack (the reason he used to give for this was to ward off mosquitoes). He often went about without clothing. In Palestine, recruits were used to having him come out of the shower to give them orders, wearing nothing but a shower cap, and continuing to scrub himself with a shower brush. Sometimes Wingate would eat only grapes and onions.
ellauri093.html on line 193: Terminology which sometimes confuses Brethren and non-Brethren alike is the distinction between the Open assemblies, usually called "Chapels", and the Closed assemblies (non-Exclusive), called "Gospel Halls." Contrary to common misconceptions, those traditionally known as the "Closed Brethren" are not a part of the Exclusive Brethren, but are rather a very conservative subset of the Open Brethren. The Gospel Halls regard reception to the assembly as a serious matter. One is not received to the Lord's Supper but to the fellowship of the assembly. This is important because the Lord's Supper is for believers, not unbelievers.
ellauri093.html on line 201: Brethren assemblies (as their gatherings are most often called; everybody is supposed to speak in assembly languages) are divided into the Open Brethren and the Exclusive Brethren, following a schism that took place in 1848. Both of these main branches are themselves divided into several smaller branches, with varying degrees of communication and overlap among them. (The general category "Exclusive Brethren" has been confused in the media with a much smaller group known as the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church (PBCC) or the Raven-Taylor-Hales Brethren, numbering only around 40,000 worldwide.)
ellauri093.html on line 203: The best-known and oldest distinction between Open and Exclusive assemblies is in the nature of relationships among their local churches. Open Brethren assemblies function as networks of like-minded independent local churches. Exclusive Brethren generally feel an obligation to recognize and adhere to the disciplinary actions of other associated assemblies.
ellauri093.html on line 205: Conversely, Open assemblies aware of that disciplining would not automatically feel a binding obligation to support it, treating each case on its own merit. Reasons for being put under discipline by both the Open and Exclusive Brethren include disseminating gross Scriptural or doctrinal error or being involved in unscriptural behavior. Being accused of illegal financial dealings may also result in being put under discipline.
ellauri093.html on line 213: The term "Exclusive" is most commonly used in the media to describe one separatist group known as Taylor-Hales Brethren, who now call themselves the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church (PBCC). The majority of Christians known as Exclusive Brethren are not connected with the Taylor-Hales group, who are known for their extreme interpretation of separation from evil and their belief of what constitutes fellowship. In their view, fellowship includes dining out, business and professional partnerships, membership of clubs, etc., rather than just the act of Communion (Lord's Supper), so these activities are done only with other members.
ellauri093.html on line 249: Abuse of eider by someone who is not part of a frustrating relationship, such as workers and business owners, does not fall under the definition of ‘eider abuse’ used in this Tool Kit. For help with consumer-based abuse such as scams and rip offs contact Consumer Affairs (ask for "Victoria").
ellauri093.html on line 274: There are many schools of thought on why elder abuse occurs. Open and Closed brezels disagree. It is the wages of sin ok, but who sins and who pays is controversial. The wages may be financial, physical, social, sexual etc.
ellauri093.html on line 311: Historically, there is no office of "pastor" in most Brethren churches, because they believe that the term "pastor" (ποιμην "poimen" in Greek) as it is used in Ephesians 4:11 describes one of the "gifts" given to the church, rather than a specific office.
ellauri093.html on line 507: Verlainesta on Pellissierin paasaus albumissa 33. Sehän oli Rimbaudin petikaveri, kuten selviää Rimbaud-paasauxesta albumissa 49. Verlainen runo Chanson d´autumne ei ollut vain liittoutuneiden koodisana, vaan sitä siteerasi ulkomuistista Julia Carlsonin oloinen Paula Beer, joka esitti mainiosti saxalaista Annaa elokuvassa Frantz. Pierre Niney oli aivan Maxin näköinen. Leffa oli coveri Lubitschin vanhemmasta leffasta, joka perustui Maurice Rostandin kirjaan vuodelta 1925 L'homme que j'ai tué. Se oli erinomaisen hyvä ohjelma, siit mie pidin. Vanhanaikainen juonileffa, jossa ei käynyt hyvin vaikka ei vallan huonostikaan. Hautausmaalla puut humisivat kohtalokkaasti.
ellauri093.html on line 629: Huhtikuussa past. Dolmenin pihalla oli scilloja crocuxia ja lumicelloja.
ellauri093.html on line 750: Hyvä esimerkki huonosta uskosta on Dickin Hiljalle kertoma "Geschichte", joka "jännittävyydessään oli salapoliisitarinan veroinen": Nuori tanskalainen papintytär oli lähetetty Helene rouvan johdolla oppimaan suurtalousemännän taitoja Helenen Fine tyttären kanssa. Hän menestyi hyvin taloustoimissa kunnes eräänä yönä oli kadonnut, samoinkuin muuan juutalaisista luopiopojista. Nuoret olivat rakastuneet toisiinsa ja yhdessä karanneet. Minne ei kukaan tietänyt. Sähkötettiin tytön isälle (ja juutalaispojan äidille? Denkste!) ja Dolmen matkusti suoraa päätä Lontooseen, jonne jäljet näyttivät johtavan. Monien seikkailujen jälkeen heidät tavoitettiin juuri kun he aikoivat astua Egyptiin lähtevään laivaan. Jälleen kerran Dick Dolmen oli kexeliäs ja uskomattoman kestävä käytännöllisissä rakkauden toimissa (vrt. yllä); sitäpaizi tällä kertaa jumalakin nosti perseensä pilveltä ja vaivautui osoittamaan pelastavan ihmevoimansa. Helene puolestaan oli aivan ymmällään. Hän oli ollut erinomaisen tyytyväinen nuoreen tanskalaistyttöön, asetti sen esikuvaxi Fine tyttärellensä - eikä vähintäkään aavistanut, mitä hameen alla oli liikkunut. Täähän on aivan arkipäiväistä herrasväen reviirinvalvontaa, ei tässä ole jumalalla mitään osuutta. Tai paremminkin: tähänhän se vanhurskaus ja laupeus lopultakin jämähtää, tätähän se on loppupeleissä.
ellauri093.html on line 869: Vapaakirkolliset nuoret olivat kuzuneet Dolmenit maakuntakiertueelle Suomeen. Dickille kelpasivat kaikki kirkot, se ei ollut minkään Augsburgin vaivainen. Hilja läxi Vammelsuuhun ischiastaan hoitamaan (näin pitkälle tässä on jo menty ajassa) ja kuzui Dickin käymään Vammelsuun kuumilla hiekoilla. Oli elokuu ja paras sesonkiaika oli ohize; se oli mennyt Hiljalta sivu suun kun lanko Kaarle sattui kuolemaan epäsopivasti heinäkuussa. Kaarlesta oli aina kaikenlaista harmia.
ellauri093.html on line 879: Dick ei innostunut juutalaisten omista seurakunnista. Parempi että sakemannit johtavat. Tai mixei suomalaisetkin, warum nicht. Kyllä sellaisia tulee, mutta vasta jeesuxen toistamiseen tultua. Eli kun lipputangot kukkivat, ne on jo nupulla. Niin uskoivat Dolmenit, mutta Hilja oli epäilevällä kannalla. Silloin mieheni siirtyi niittokoneen ääreen. Eikun soittokoneen. Se veti keskustelun päätteexi schlaagerin "Joudu jo Jeesus" (tai sama saxaxi). Olikohan se tää? Es harrt die Braut so lange schon - kuulostaa Hiljalta. Sinua Kristus odottaa, virsi 11 uudessa virsikirjassa.
ellauri093.html on line 882:
ellauri093.html on line 890: Muistelmateoksessaan Valoisia jälkiä (suom. 1927) Dora Rappard kertoo merkittävistä tapaamisista ja tapauksista elämässään. Tärkeä sija on tempautumisella mukaan Englannista 1870-luvulla alkunsa saaneeseen pyhitysliikkeeseen. Siltä ajalta on peräisin myös tämä virsi. Se sai alkunsa puolisoiden välisestä keskustelusta matkalla Baselista ylös Chrischonavuorelle. Carl Rappard sanoi vaimolleen: "Kun taas kirjoitat uuden laulun, sen aiheena pitää olla Herran paluu ja meidän valmiutemme siihen." Kotiin päästyä Dora Rappard tarttui kynään, ja niin syntyi tämä virsi. Työtä käskettyä.
ellauri093.html on line 894: Dick halusi saunaan; Hiljalla oli ischias, Helene ei ilennyt, joten saunotus jäi Ilmolle, joka hoiti sen niin huonosti, että Dickille tuli noidannuoli. Dick oli aika pettynyt. Mutta vanhuxiahan alettiin jo olla.
ellauri094.html on line 94: Syreeni suggests that the letters of John - written after the predecessor gospels but before the final edition - reveal a schism in the Johannine community that was caused by the majority faction's acceptance of Jesus' death and resurrection, as it was then recorded in the new gospel. By exploring the gospel's different means of legitimizing the passion story, such as the creation of the 'Beloved Disciple' to witness Jesus' passion, and the foreshadowing of the resurrection of Jesus in the miracle of Lazarus, Syreeni provides a bold and provocative case for a new understanding of John.
ellauri094.html on line 100: Lapsi on se, jonka asema pitää kaikissa olosuhteissa turvata, ja Suomen valtio on tähän asti lähtenyt aina siitä, että pienimmän ja heikoimman asema turvataan. Tässä asiassahan niin ei ole. Tässä aikuisten mielihalut ovat menneet edelle muusta, ja sillä sipuli. Piscuisten päät isceytyvät taas civeyxeen.
ellauri094.html on line 162: Sukupuolineutraali avioliittolaki on käsittääkseni hyväksytty maailmassa vain muutamassa maassa. On sanottu, että se on laillinen 18 maassa ja USA:ssa vain muutamassa osavaltiossa. Jos ajattelemme, mitä nyt on jo tapahtunut, esimerkiksi itänaapurista ovat adoptioväylät sulkeutuneet: Pietarissa on valtavasti lapsia, jotka odottavat rakastavaa kotia. Adoptiolapsia. Sellaisia, jotka odottavat perhettä. Väylät ovat sulkeutuneet. Monet muut maat, jotka voisivat olla adoptioon lähettävinä maina, eivät edes aloita sitä, koska eivät hyväksy sukupuolineutraalia avioliittolakia. Sen vuoksi näkisin, että kaikkien adoptiolasta haluavien kannalta olisi erittäin tärkeää, että tämä toinen lausumaehdotus hyväksytään. Tällöin myös nämä maat, jotka ovat nyt jo sulkeneet väyliänsä, tai mahdollisesti ne uudet maat, joissa olisi paljon tarvetta adoptioperheille, voisivat avata väyliä. Ei aiheuteta enää lisää kipua normiperheille eikä wiscota homoparin ciwexiin lapsia, jotka odottavat oikeita adoptiovanhempia. — Kiitos.
ellauri094.html on line 217: Jehoiachin's Iron Rations Tablets, describing ration orders for a captive King of Judah, identified with King Jeconiah, have been discovered during excavations in Babylon, in the royal archives of Nebuchadnezzar. One of the tablets refers to food rations for "Ya’u-kīnu, king of the land of Yahudu" and five royal princes, his sons.
ellauri094.html on line 219: Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonian forces returned in 588/586 BCE and rampaged through Judah, leaving clear archaeological evidence of destruction in many towns and settlements there. Clay ostraca from this period, referred to as the Lachish letters, were discovered during excavations; one, which was probably written to the commander at Lachish from an outlying base, describes how the signal fires from nearby towns were disappearing: "And may (my lord) be apprised that we are watching for the fire signals of Lachish according to all the signs which my lord has given, because we cannot see Azeqah." Archaeological finds from Jerusalem testify that virtually the whole city within the walls was burnt to rubble in 587 BCE and utterly destroyed.
ellauri094.html on line 223: The Cyrus Cylinder (not to be confused with Joakim von Anka´s cylinder hat), an ancient tablet on which is written a declaration in the name of Cyrus referring to restoration of temples and repatriation of exiled peoples, has often been taken as corroboration of the authenticity of the biblical decrees attributed to Cyrus, but other scholars point out that the cylinder's text is specific to Babylon and Mesopotamia and makes no mention of Judah or Jerusalem. Professor Lester L. Grabbe asserted that the "alleged decree of Cyrus" regarding Judah, "cannot be considered authentic", but that there was a "general policy of allowing deportees to return and to re-establish cult sites". He also stated that archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle" taking place over decades, rather than a single event.
ellauri094.html on line 233: This period saw the last high point of biblical prophecy in the person of Ezekiel, followed by the emergence of the central role of the Torah in Jewish life. According to many historical-critical scholars, the Torah was redacted during this time, and began to be regarded as the authoritative text for Jews. This period saw their transformation into an ethno-religious group who could survive without a central Temple. Israeli philosopher and Biblical scholar Yehezkel Kaufmann said “The exile is the watershed. With the exile, the religion of Israel comes to an end and Judaism begins.”
ellauri094.html on line 235: This process coincided with the emergence of scribes and sages as Jewish leaders (see Ezra). Prior to exile, the people of Israel had been organized according to tribe. Afterwards, they were organized by smaller family groups. Only the tribe of Levi continued in its temple role after the return. After this time, there were always sizable numbers of Jews living outside Eretz Israel; thus, it also marks the beginning of the "Jewish diaspora", unless this is considered to have begun with the Assyrian captivity of Israel.
ellauri094.html on line 335: Niinpä tietysti: Jumala on kuollut (Nietsche). Nietsche on kuollut (Jumala). Se nauraa parhaiten joka hohottaa (xoxotajet) vielä kuin kaikki muut ovat kuolleet.
ellauri094.html on line 373: One of the reason to doubt Baruch 6:2 is actually written by Jeremiah and to believe it was written much later is that the Book of Jeremiah talks about the remnant will begin returning within 70 years and yet Baruch 6:2 state the return will be within 7 generations which seems to excuse those who were Jewish reading this book that never did went back to Jerusalem for many generations but continued living outside Jerusalem. Fascinating as well is the fact that this book was written in Greek and not in Hebrew which indicate the likely audience was the Jewish Diaspora.
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ellauri006.html piscuiset

ellauri094.html on line 380: ellauri008.html Eric Hovind ja piscuiset

ellauri094.html on line 381: ellauri012.html Al Kohol ja piscuiset

ellauri094.html on line 384: ellauri021.html piscuiset ja Moolok

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ellauri094.html on line 517: Ye are bondmen and bondwomen, to be scourged and smart,				Te olette James ja Jennifer Bondeja, ovelia,			

ellauri094.html on line 654: The body of Algernon Charles Swinburne’s poetry is so vast and varied that it is difficult to generalize about it. Swinburne wrote poetry for more than sixty years, and in that time he treated an enormous variety of subjects and employed many poetic forms and meters. He wrote English and Italian sonnets, elegies, odes, lyrics, dramatic monologues, ballads, and romances; and he experimented with the rondeau, the ballade, and the sestina. Much of this poetry is marked by a strong lyricism and a self-conscious, formal use of such rhetorical devices as alliteration, assonance, repetition, personification, and synecdoche. Swinburne’s brilliant self-parody, “Nephilidia,” hardly exaggerates the excessive rhetoric of some of his earlier poems. The early A Song of Italy would have more effectively conveyed its extreme republican sentiments had it been more restrained. As it is, content is too often lost in verbiage, leading a reviewer for The Athenaeum to remark that “hardly any literary bantling has been shrouded in a thicker veil of indefinite phrases.” A favorite technique of Swinburne is to reiterate a poem’s theme in a profusion of changing images until a clear line of development is lost. “The Triumph of Time” is an example. Here the stanzas can be rearranged without loss of effect. This poem does not so much develop as accrete. Clearly a large part of its greatness rests in its music. As much as any other poet, Swinburne needs to be read aloud. The diffuse lyricism of Swinburne is the opposite of the closely knit structures of John Donne and is akin to the poetry of Walt Whitman. 

ellauri094.html on line 660:   Rhyme scheme: abab cbcb caca dede fgfg aeaX hihi hfhf hihi hfhf hihi jhjh hbhb

ellauri094.html on line 698:   If you write a school or university poetry essay, you should include in your explanation of the poem:

ellauri094.html on line 758: And the stark evil of the atheist Communists becomes even more stark when considering the fact that Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan were fighting for what most wars are fought for: Wealth and Empire. Which is A-OK. The Israeli did the same with the help of Jehovah. The atheist regimes slaughtered their own people simply to impose their will upon their less powerful compatriots. Which the Christians never do. Well, not nearly as many got killed anyway. I guess. Haven't really toted up all the Christian wars. The colonial ones too, and the U.S. neocolonial ones like Korea and Vietnam, or the Desert Storm. Should one use the absolute body count or percentages? Ethics is not an exact science after all. It's more like economics. 

ellauri095.html on line 35:   Der Sprung ist bei Kierkegaard leidenschaftliche Entscheidung, der Augenblick, der über Nicht-Sein und Da-Sein entscheidet. Der Sprung ist Wiedergeburt, das Christwerden. Kierkegaard hat den Begriff von Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781) ... Stanley the Manley was not very manly, more catholic than Pope, and as much a dwarf, only capable of tiny hopkins snd eurhytmic sprungs.. 

ellauri095.html on line 37:     Sprung rhythm is a poetic rhythm designed to imitate the rhythm of natural speech. It is constructed from feet in which the first syllable is stressed and may be followed by a variable number of unstressed syllables. The British poet Gerard Manley Hopkins said he discovered this previously unnamed poetic rhythm in the natural patterns of English in folk songs, spoken poetry, Shakespeare, Milton, et al. He used diacritical marks on syllables to indicate which should be stressed in cases "where the reader might be in doubt which syllable should have the stress" (acute, e.g. shéer) and which syllables should be pronounced but not stressed (grave, e.g., gleanèd).

ellauri095.html on line 53: The initial “I” focuses attention on the speaker, but the explicit application of the lesson of the Book of Nature to him does not begin until the line “My heart in hiding/stirred for a bird” at the conclusion of the octet. One biographical interpretation of this line is that he was hiding from fulfilling his ambitions to be a great painter and poet. Instead of ostentatiously pursuing fame in that way, wearing his heart on his sleeve, he had chosen to be the “hidden man of the heart” (1 Peter 3:4), quietly pursuing the imitation of Christ. As Hopkins put it, Christ’s “hidden life at Nazareth is the great help to faith for us who must live more or less an obscure, constrained, and unsuccessful life.”

ellauri095.html on line 105: Uranian is a 19th-century term that referred to homosexual men. The term was first published by activist Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825–95) in a series of five booklets (1864–65) collected under the title Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe (Research into the Riddle of Man–Male Love). Ulrichs derived Uranian (Urning in German) from the Greek goddess Aphrodite Urania, who was created out of the god Uranus' testicles. Therefore, it represents the homosexual gender, while Dionian (Dioning), derived from Aphrodite Dionea, represents the heterosexual gender. Ulrichs developed his terminology before the first public use of the term homosexual, which appeared in 1869 in a pamphlet published anonymously by Karl-Maria Kertbeny (1824–82)

ellauri095.html on line 107: The term Uranian was quickly adopted by English-language advocates of homosexual emancipation in the Victorian era, such as Edward Carpenter and John Addington Symonds, who used it to describe a comradely love that would bring about true democracy, uniting the "estranged ranks of society" and breaking down class and gender barriers. Oscar Wilde wrote to Robert Ross in an undated letter (?18 February 1898): "To have altered my life would have been to have admitted that Uranian love is ignoble. I hold it to be noble—more noble than other forms."

ellauri095.html on line 111: The word itself alludes to Plato's Symposium, a discussion on Eros (love). In this dialog, Pausanias distinguishes between two types of love, symbolised by two different accounts of the birth of Aphrodite, the goddess of love. In one, she was born of Uranus (the heavens), a birth in which "the female has no part". This Uranian Aphrodite is associated with a noble love for male youths, and is the source of Ulrichs's term Urning. Another account has Aphrodite as the daughter of Zeus and Dione, and this Aphrodite is associated with a common love which "is apt to be of women as well as of youths, and is of the body rather than of the soul". After Dione, Ulrichs gave the name Dioning to men who are sexually attracted to women. However, unlike Plato's account of male love, Ulrichs understood male Urnings to be essentially feminine, and male Dionings to be masculine in nature.

ellauri095.html on line 125: Manley Hopkins moved his family to Hampstead in 1852, near where John Keats had lived 30 years before and close to the green spaces of Hampstead Heath. When he was ten years old, Gerard was sent to board at Highgate School (1854–1863). While studying Keats´s poetry, he wrote "The Escorial" (1860), his earliest extant poem. Here he practised early attempts at asceticism. He once argued that most people drank more liquids than they really needed and bet that he could go without drinking for a week. He persisted until his tongue was black and he collapsed at drill. On another occasion he abstained from salt for a week.

ellauri095.html on line 137:     In life and poetry he was serious and playful – even whimsical.  Spiritually, despite an early scrupulosity which he never fully lost, he followed the Jesuit way of finding God in all things, and rejoiced in “God in the world”: “The world is charged wíth the grándeur of God.”  He was very, very bright, with an extensive knowledge of words and languages — he knew so many words !  His intellectual hero was the medieval philosopher Duns Scotus, whose philosophy of selfhood he held dear.  Hopkins himself had a strong sense of self, appreciated his own individuality, and was immensely self-confident.

ellauri095.html on line 139: According to John Bayley, "All his life Hopkins was haunted by the sense of personal bankruptcy and impotence, the straining of 'time's eunuch' with no more to 'spend'... " a sense of inadequacy, graphically expressed in his last sonnets. Toward the end of his life, Hopkins suffered several long bouts of depression. His "terrible sonnets" struggle with problems of religious doubt. He described them to Bridges as "the thin gleanings of a long weary while."

ellauri095.html on line 147: The image of the poet´s estrangement from God figures in "I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day", in which he describes lying awake before dawn, likening his prayers to "dead letters sent To dearest him that lives alas! away." The opening line recalls Lamentations 3:2: "He hath led me, and brought me into darkness, but not into light." "No Wurst, There is None" and "Carrion Comfort" are also counted among the "terrible sonnets".

ellauri095.html on line 161: Timothy d´Arch Smith, antiquarian bookseller, ascribes to Hopkins suppressed erotic impulses which he views as taking on a degree of specificity after Hopkins met Robert Bridges´s distant cousin, friend, and fellow Etonian Digby Mackworth Dolben, "a Christian Uranian". Ei siis Plutosta kuten Heinleinin matonaamat.

ellauri095.html on line 174: The homosexual lifestyle results in a shorter life expectancy. This is undoubtedly due to the health risks associated, such as AIDS, Hepatitis, and a variety of other infections and STDs. In addition, homosexuals are more likely to be smokers, which takes the lifespan even lower. In 1993 Paul Cameron published a study which found that homosexuality takes 20-30 years off the lives of its practitioners. Cameron is a Psychologist and founder of the Family Research Institute. Among men with AIDS their lifespan was 39 years, however even without AIDS a male homosexuals lifespan is just a short 42 years. Lesbians had a median age of death of just 44 years. He also found that lesbians were up to 456 times more likely to die in a car crash than heterosexual women. The liberal Southern Poverty Law Centre dubbed Cameron an "anti-gay extremist", and the American Psychological Association expelled him for exposing the truth about the homosexual lifestyle and accused him of scientific data "fraud". Fortunately, Cameron had the support of faith based groups who would not bow down or turn their behinds to the homosexual agenda.

ellauri095.html on line 180: It is essential to note that the life expectancy of any population is a descriptive and not a prescriptive mesaure. Death is a product of the way a person lives and what physical and environmental hazards he or she faces everyday. It cannot be attributed solely to their sexual orientation or any other ethnic or social factor. If estimates of an individual gay and bisexual man´s risk of death is truly needed for "legal or other" purposes, then people making these estimates should use the same actuarial tables that are used for all other males in that population. Gay and bisexual men are included in the construction of official population-based tables and therefore these tables for all males are the appropriate ones to be used. (LOL sorry boys, the cat is out of the bag, there is no way to get it to go back in.)

ellauri095.html on line 186:     He uses many archaic and dialect words but also coins new words. One example of this is twindles, which seems from its context in Inversnaid to mean a combination of twines and dwindles. He often creates compound adjectives, sometimes with a hyphen (such as dapple-dawn-drawn falcon) but often without, as in rolling level underneath him steady air. This use of compound adjectives, similar to the Old English use of compounds nouns, concentrates his images, communicating to his readers the instress of the poet´s perceptions of an inkscape.

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Inkscape

ellauri095.html on line 190: An important element in Hopkins work is his own concept of inkscape, which was derived in part from the medieval theologian Duns Scotus.

ellauri095.html on line 194:       Inkscape on aika hankalakäyttöinen scalable vector graphics-piirustusohjelma. Ink on hevosen jalan paise, typ av hudsvulst hos häst eller nöt­kreatur. Sanahöpsöjä skizoja ollaan koko porukka, Jerry "Miehekäs" Hopkins, David "Sikiö" Wallace ja mä. Sitä on liikkeellä. Suojaimien pakollisuutta harkitaan.

ellauri095.html on line 196:       Inkscape, for Hopkins, is the charged essence, the absolute singularity that gives each created thing its being; instress is both the energy that holds the inscape together and the process by which this inscape is perceived by an observer. We instress the inscape of a tulip, Hopkins would say, when we appreciate the particular delicacy of its petals, when we are enraptured by its specific, inimitable shade of pink.

ellauri095.html on line 198: The meaning of “inscape,” that conundrum of Hopkins’s readers. A common misconception of the word is that it signifies simply a unique particular, the unusual feature, the singular appearance.

ellauri095.html on line 199: No no, he usually sought the distinctively unifying design, the “returning” or recurrent pattern, the internal “network” of structural relationships which clearly and unmistakably integrates or scapes an object or set of objects and thus reveals the presence of integrating laws throughout nature and a divine unifying force or “stress” in this world.

ellauri095.html on line 209: The typical Hopkins drawing is what Ruskin called the “outline drawing”; as Ruskin put it, “without any wash of colour, such an outline is the most valuable of all means for obtaining such memoranda of any scene as may explain to another person, or record for yourself, what is most important in its features.” Many such practical purposes for drawing were advanced by Ruskin, but his ultimate purpose was to unite science, art, and religion.

ellauri095.html on line 233: In a journal entry of 6 November 1865, Hopkins declared an ascetic intention for his life and work: "On this day by God's grace I resolved to give up all beauty until I had His leave for it."

ellauri095.html on line 234: On 18 January 1866, Hopkins composed his most ascetic poem, The Habit of Perfection. On 23 January, he included poetry in a list of things to be given up for Lent. In July, he decided to become a Roman Catholic and travelled to Birmingham in September to consult the leader of the Oxford converts, John Henry Newman. Newman received him into the Roman Catholic Church on 21 October 1866.

ellauri095.html on line 244: He continued to write a detailed prose journal in 1868–1875. Unable to suppress a desire to describe the natural world, he also wrote music, sketched, and for church occasions, wrote "verses", as he called them. He later wrote sermons and other religious pieces.

ellauri095.html on line 246: In 1874 Hopkins returned to Manresa House to teach classics. While studying in the Jesuit house of theological studies, St Beuno´s College, near St Asap in North Wales, he was asked by his religious superior to write a poem to commemorate the foundering of a German ship in a storm. So in 1875 he took up poetry once more to write a lengthy piece, "The Wreck of the Deutschland", inspired by the Deutschland incident, a maritime disaster in which 157 people died, including five Franciscan nuns who had been leaving Germany due to harsh anti-Catholic laws (see Kulturkampf). The work displays both the religious concerns and some of the unusual metre and rhythms of his subsequent poetry not present in his few remaining early works. It not only depicts the dramatic events and heroic deeds, but tells of him reconciling the terrible events with God´s higher purpose. The poem was accepted but not printed by a Jesuit publication. This rejection fed his ambivalence about his poetry, most of which remained unpublished until after his death.

ellauri095.html on line 258: In the later decades of her life, Ms. Rossetti suffered from Graves' disease, diagnosed in 1872, suffering a near-fatal attack in the early 1870s. Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It also often results in an enlarged thyroid. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, a fast heartbeat, poor tolerance of heat, diarrhea and unintentional weight loss. Other symptoms may include thickening of the skin on the shins, known as pretibial myxedema, and eye bulging, a condition caused by Graves´ ophthalmopathy. About 25 to 80% of people with the condition develop eye problems.

ellauri095.html on line 340: descending into a grave			menossa kuoppaan

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ellauri095.html on line 440:   Viktoriaanisen varovaisuuden ilmapiirissä ei ollut kohtuutonta pelätä vahinkoa tällaisesta pamfletista, vaikka useimmat Rossettin runollisista edeltäjistä ja aikalaisista, Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Morris ja Swinburne, olivat selviytyneet huonommista arvosteluista. Melkein kaikki Rossettin vuoden 1870 runojen arvostelut olivat suotuisia, ja kirja oli myyty epätavallisen hyvin (neljä painosta vuonna 1870). Suoraan sanottuna Rossetti saattoi myös pelätä julkista julkisuutta suhteestaan ​​Jane Morrisin kanssa. Joka tapauksessa, lähdön jälkeen Kelmscottista 2. kesäkuuta 1872 Rossetti kärsi täydellisestä henkisestä romahduksesta. Hänet vietiin ystävänsä tohtori Thomas Gordon Haken Roehamptonin kotiin, missä hän yritti tehdä itsemurhan (kuten Lizzie) yliannostuksella laudanumia. Sitten hän vietti kesän ystävien ja työtovereiden hoidossa. Vuoteen 1873 mennessä Rossettin runollinen tuottavuus oli kuitenkin elpynyt, ja hän sai valmiiksi seitsemän yksittäissonettia ja kaksoissonettin "The Sun's Shame". Tämän ajanjakson sonetit ovat melankolisia ja kaikuvat aika ontoilta, mutta tutut vaimennetun intohimon teemat ovat alkaneet sulautua uusiin – taiteen luomiseen ja kuolemattomuuden vihjauksiin. Rossetti jatkoi myös maalaamista tasaisesti käyttäen Jane Morrisia mallina, vaikka hiän olikin poissa yhä useammin. Rossetti lähti lopulta Kelmscottista, jossa he olivat yöpyneet yhdessä, Chelseaan. Siellä hänen terveytensä heikkeni edelleen.

ellauri095.html on line 446: Hänen eroottinen väsäilynsä oli henkisest ja fyysisest lahja dramaattisille hinaajille Swinburnesta Oscar Wildeen,  jotka hyötyi nänen esimerkkinsä vapauttavasta vaikutuksesta. Tollasta varhaisdekadenssia. Yksikään hänen aikakautensa runoilija ilmaissut syvällisemmin tiettyjä keskeisiä viktoriaanisia huolia: metafyysistä epävarmuutta, seksuaalista ahdistusta ja ajan pelkoa.

ellauri095.html on line 473:       Nancy J. Chodorow states that homophobia can be viewed as a method of protection of male masculinity. Various psychoanalytic theories explain homophobia as a threat to an individual´s own same-sex impulses, whether those impulses are imminent or merely hypothetical. This threat causes repression, denial or reaction formation.

ellauri095.html on line 483: The sequence of events is clear. On 18 January 1866 Hopkins composed his most ascetic poem, “The Habit of Perfection” (Täydellinen asukokonaisuus). On 23 January he included poetry in the list of things to be given up for Lent. In July he decided to become a Catholic, and he traveled to Birmingham in September to consult the leader of the Oxford converts, John Henry Newman. Newman received him into the Church in October. On 5 May 1868 Hopkins firmly “resolved to be a religious.” Less than a week later, apparently still inspired by Savonarola, he made a bonfire of his poems and gave up poetry almost entirely for seven years. Finally, in the fall of 1868 Hopkins joined a “serged fellowship” like Savonarola’s and like the one he admired in “Eastern Communion”(1865), a commitment foreshadowed by the emphasis on vows of silence and poverty in “The Habit of Perfection.”

ellauri095.html on line 499: Hopkins had been attracted to asceticism since childhood. At Highgate, for instance, he argued that nearly everyone consumed more liquids than the body needed, and, to prove it, he wagered that he could go without liquids for at least a week. He persisted until his tongue was black and he collapsed at drill. He won not only his wager but also the undying enmity of the headmaster Dr. John Bradley Dyne. On another occasion, he abstained from salt for a week. His continuing insistence on extremes of self-denial later in life struck some of his fellow Jesuits as more appropriate to a Victorian Puritan than to a Catholic.

ellauri095.html on line 500: Thus it is important to realize that he converted to Catholicism not to be more ascetic, for asceticism was as Protestant as it was Catholic, but to be able to embrace the Catholic doctrine of the Real Presence.

ellauri095.html on line 508: This potential for a new sacramental poetry was first realized by Hopkins in The Wreck of the Deutschland. Hopkins recalled that when he read about the wreck of the German ship Deutschland off the coast of England it “made a deep impression on me, more than any other wreck or accident I ever read of,” a statement made all the more impressive when we consider the number of shipwrecks he must have discussed with his father. Hopkins wrote about this particular disaster at the suggestion of Fr. James Jones, Rector of St. Beuno’s College, where Hopkins studied theology from 1874 to 1877. Hopkins recalled that “What I had written I burnt before I became a Jesuit and resolved to write no more, as not belonging to my profession, unless it were by the wish of my superiors; so for seven years I wrote nothing but two or three little presentation pieces which occasion called for [presumably ‘Rosa Mystica’ and ‘Ad Mariam’]. But when in the winter of ’75 the Deutschland was wrecked in the mouth of the Thames and five Franciscan nuns, exiles from Germany by the Falck Laws, aboard of her were drowned I was affected by the account and happening to say so to my rector he said that he wished someone would write a poem on the subject. On this hint I set to work and, though my hand was out at first, produced one. I had long had haunting my ear the echo of a new rhythm which now I realized on paper.”

ellauri095.html on line 512: The Wreck of the Deutschland became the occasion for Hopkins’s incarnation as a poet in his own right. He broke with the Keatsian wordpainting style with which he began, replacing his initial prolixity, stasis, and lack of construction with a concise, dramatic unity. He rejected his original attraction to Keats’s sensual aestheticism for a clearly moral, indeed a didactic, rhetoric. He saw nature not only as a pleasant spectacle as Keats had; he also confronted its seemingly infinite destructiveness as few before or after him have done. In this shipwreck he perceived the possibility of a theodicy, a vindication of God’s justice which would counter the growing sense of the disappearance of God among the Victorians. For Hopkins, therefore, seeing more clearly than ever before the proselytic possibilities of art, his rector’s suggestion that someone write a poem about the wreck became the theological sanction he needed to begin reconciling his religious and poetic vocations.

ellauri095.html on line 514: Nevertheless, although The Wreck of the Deutschland was a great breakthrough to the vision of God immanent in nature and thus to the sacramentalism that was to be the basis of the great nature poems of the following years, when Hopkins sent the poem to his friend Robert Bridges, Bridges refused to reread it despite Hopkins’s pleas. The poem was also rejected by the Jesuit magazine the Month, primarily because of its new “sprung” rhythm, and many subsequent readers have had difficulty with it as well.

ellauri095.html on line 516:     The relationship between Hopkins and his father reveals important early instances of creative collaboration and competition within the family. Hopkins copied eleven of the poems from his father’s volume A Philosopher’s Stone into his Oxford notebooks. In those poems his father expressed a Keatsian dismay over science’s threat to a magical or imaginative response to nature.

ellauri095.html on line 533:   His religious consciousness increased dramatically when he entered Oxford, the city of spires. From April of 1863, when he first arrived with some of his journals, drawings, and early Keatsian poems in hand, until June of 1867 when he graduated, Hopkins felt the charm of Oxford, “steeped in sentiment as she lies,” as Matthew Arnold had said, “spreading her gardens to the moonlight and whispering from her towers the last enchantments of the Middle Ages.” Here he became more fully aware of the religious implications of the medievalism of Ruskin, Dixon, and the Pre-Raphaelites. Inspired also by Christina Rossetti, the Catholic doctrine of the Real Presence of God in the Eucharist, and by the Victorian preoccupation with the fifteenth-century Italian religious reformer Girolamo Savonarola, he soon embraced Ruskin’s definition of “Medievalism” as a “confession of Christ” opposed to both “Classicalism” (“Pagan Faith”) and “Modernism” (the “denial of Christ”).

ellauri095.html on line 546:   The phrase “And birds that call/Hoarse to the storm,” invites comparison with the son’s images of the windhover rebuffing the big wind in “The Windhover” (1877) and with the image of the great storm fowl at the conclusion of “Henry Purcell” (1879). The father’s prophecy, “thy sport is with the storm/To wrestle” is fulfilled in Gerard’s The Wreck of the Deutschland and “The Loss of the Eurydice” (1878). These two shipwreck poems, replete with spiritual instruction for those in doubt and danger were the son’s poetic and religious counterparts to his father’s 1873 volume, The Port of Refuge, or advice and instructions to the Master-Mariner in situations of doubt, difficulty, and danger.

ellauri095.html on line 550: Compare Gerard Manley Hopkins’s version of an attempted rescue with the account in the London Times, one of the sources he used for The Wreck of the Deutschland. According to the Times, “One brave sailor, who was safe in the rigging went down to try to save a child or woman who was drowning on deck. He was secured by a rope to the rigging, but a wave dashed him against the bulwark, and when daylight dawned his headless body, detained by the rope, was swinging to and fro with the waves.” Hopkins wrote:

ellauri095.html on line 567: Hopkins transformed the prose into song, but he deleted the morbid details of the decapitation. It was no doubt partly to escape contemplation of such details connected with his marine-insurance business that Manley Hopkins cultivated a Wordsworthian love of nature. 

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The Wreck of the ‘Deutschland’

ellauri095.html on line 572: In a snowstorm on 6 December 1875 the Deutschland emigrant ship, outward-bound from Bremen, in Germany via Southampton for New York, struck the infamous Kentish Knock offshore sandbank at the entrance to the Thames Estuary.

ellauri095.html on line 578: The loss of any emigrant ship had a strong international dimension and was accordingly extensively reported in English in both the ´Times´ of London and the ´New York Times´, for there was a sad irony in the deaths of passengers who had taken ship in search of a better life. Five Franciscan nuns from Salzkotten (now in Nordrhein-Westfalen, western Germany), named Barbara Hultenschmidt, Henrika Fassbender, Norbeta Reinkobe, Aurea Badziura and Brigitta Damhorst, died in the wreck. They were fleeing religious oppression at home as a result of anti-Catholic laws enacted as part of Otto von Bismarck´s ´Kulturkampf´ ("culture struggle") aimed at building centralised and unified German state resisting outside influences. One reader moved by the story in the London press was the Jesuit poet, Gerard Manley Hopkins, who wrote a moving and highly romanticised poem based on the incident, ´The Wreck of the Deutschland´. As Hopkins put it: ´Rhine refused them: Thames would ruin them´.

ellauri095.html on line 580:   The ´New York Times´, in the best traditions of media coverage, focused on the "weirdness of the scene". The newspaper contrasted the nuns´ "terror-stricken conduct", frozen with terror, and "deaf to all entreaties", with the "plucky" behaviour of the stewardess who tried to encourage them to leave the saloon for rigging as the water rose around them. One of the nuns was heard to cry in a voice heard above the storm "O my God, make it quick, make it quick". Hopkins, however, saw these words as an example of courage in the fate of extremity, and as the active seeking of the soul reaching towards God.

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ellauri096.html on line 59:       Predictive determinism states that everything is foreseeable. Metaphysical determinism states that there is only one way the future could be given the way the past is. Simon Laplace used metaphysical determinism as a premise for predictive determinism. He reasoned that since every event has a cause, a complete description of any stage of history combined with the laws of nature implies what happens at any other stage of the universe. Scriven was only challenging predictive determinism in his thought experiment. The next approach challenges metaphysical determinism.

ellauri096.html on line 67: In response to the apparent conflict between freedom and foreknowledge, medieval philosophers denied that future contingent propositions have a truth-value. That´s silly. They took themselves to be extending a solution Aristotle discusses in De Interpretatione to the problem of logical fatalism. According to this truth-value gap approach, ‘You will take a dump tomorrow’ is not true now. The prediction will become true tomorrow. A morally serious theist can agree with the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam:

ellauri096.html on line 74: Cod’s omniscience only requires that He knows every true proposition. God will know ‘You will take a shit’ as soon it becomes true – like when the turd is halfway out -  but not before. Naah, this is really weak. That takes no omniscience, just a good nose. 

ellauri096.html on line 96:     There is no place in science for bigness, because of this lack of boundary; but there is a place for the relation of biggerness. Here we see the familiar and widely applicable rectification of vagueness: disclaim the vague positive and cleave to the precise comparative. But it is inapplicable to the verb ‘know’, even grammatically. Verbs have no comparative and superlative inflections … . I think that for scientific or philosophical purposes the best we can do is give up the notion of knowledge as a bad job and make do rather with its separate ingredients. We can still speak of a belief as true, and of one belief as firmer or more certain, to the believer’s mind, than another (1987, 109). 

ellauri096.html on line 98: Quine is alluding to Rudolf Carnap’s (1950) generalization that scientists replace qualitative terms (tall) with comparatives (taller than) and then replace the comparatives with quantitative terms (being n millimeters in height).

ellauri096.html on line 102: Science is about what is the case rather than what ought to be case. This seems to imply that science does not tell us what we ought to believe. The traditional way to fill the normative gap is to delegate issues of justification to epistemologists. However, Quine is uncomfortable with delegating such authority to philosophers. He prefers the thesis that psychology is enough to handle the issues traditionally addressed by epistemologists (or at least the issues still worth addressing in an Age of Science). This “naturalistic epistemology” seems to imply that ‘know’ and ‘justified’ are antiquated terms – as empty as ‘phlogiston’ or ‘soul’.

ellauri096.html on line 120: Probabilistic skepticism dates back to Arcesilaus who took over the Academy two generations after Plato’s death. This moderate kind of skepticism, recounted by Cicero (Academica 2.74, 1.46) from his days as a student at the Academy, allows for justified belief. Many scientists are attracted to probabilism and dismiss the epistemologist’s preoccupation with knowledge as old-fashioned.

ellauri096.html on line 122: Despite the early start of the qualitative theory of probability, the quantitative theory did not develop until Blaise Pascal’s study of gambling in the seventeenth century (Hacking 1975). Only in the eighteenth century did it penetrate the insurance industry (even though insurers realized that a fortune could be made by accurately calculating risk). Only in the nineteenth century did probability make a mark in physics. And only in the twentieth century do probabilists make important advances over Arcesilaus.

ellauri096.html on line 124: Most of these philosophical advances are reactions to the use of probability by scientists. In the twentieth century, editors of science journals began to demand that the author’s hypothesis should be accepted only when it was sufficiently probable – as measured by statistical tests. The threshold for acceptance was acknowledged to be somewhat arbitrary. And it was also conceded that the acceptance rule might vary with one’s purposes. For instance, we demand a higher probability when the cost of accepting a false hypothesis is high.

ellauri096.html on line 127: and rationally believe q then you rationally believe both p and q. Little pictures of the same scene should sum to a bigger picture of the same scene. If rational belief can be based on an acceptance rule that only requires a high probability, there will be rational belief in a contradiction! You believe of each ticket it loses, and you believe that one of them wins.

ellauri096.html on line 140: Kyburg might answer that there is a scale effect. Although the dull pressure of joint inconsistency is tolerable when diffusely distributed over a large set of propositions, the pain of contradiction becomes unbearable as the set gets smaller (Knight 2002). And indeed, paradoxes are always represented as a small set of propositions.

ellauri096.html on line 151: If paradoxes were always sets of propositions or arguments or conclusions, then they would always be meaningful. But some paradoxes are semantically flawed (Sorensen 2003b, 352) and some have answers that are backed by a pseudo-argument employing a defective “lemma” that lacks a truth-value. Kurt Grelling’s paradox, for instance, opens with a distinction between autological and heterological words. An autological word describes itself, e.g., ‘polysyllabic’ is polysllabic, ‘English’ is English, ‘noun’ is a noun, etc. A heterological word does not describe itself, e.g., ‘monosyllabic’ is not monosyllabic, ‘Chinese’ is not Chinese, ‘verb’ is not a verb, etc. Now for the riddle: Is ‘heterological’ heterological or autological? If ‘heterological’ is heterological, then since it describes itself, it is autological. But if ‘heterological’ is autological, then since it is a word that does not describe itself, it is heterological. The common solution to this puzzle is that ‘heterological’, as defined by Grelling, is not a genuine predicate (Thomson 1962). In other words, “Is ‘heterological’ heterological?” is without meaning. There can be no predicate that applies to all and only those predicates it does not apply to for the same reason that there can be no barber who shaves all and only those people who do not shave themselves.

ellauri096.html on line 204: Frederic Fitch (1963) reports that in 1945 he first learned of this proof of unknowable truths from a referee report on a manuscript he never published. Thanks to Joe Salerno’s (2009) archival research, we now know that referee was Alonzo Church.

ellauri096.html on line 218: Since all the assumptions are discharged, the conclusion is a necessary truth. So it is a necessary truth that p&∼Kp

ellauri096.html on line 223: The cautious draw a conditional moral: If there are actual unknown truths, there are unknowable truths. After all, some philosophers will reject the antecedent because they believe there is an omniscient being.

ellauri096.html on line 233: Those who believe that the Church-Fitch result is a genuine paradox can respond to Williamson with paradoxes that accord with common sense (and science –and religious orthodoxy). For instance, common sense heartily agrees with the conclusion that something exists. But it is surprising that this can be proved without empirical premises. Since the quantifiers of standard logic (first order predicate logic with identity) have existential import, the logician can deduce that something exists from the principle that everything is identical to itself. Most philosophers balk at this simple proof because they feel that the existence of something cannot be proved by sheer logic. Likewise, many philosophers balk at the proof of unknowables because they feel that such a profound result cannot be obtained from such limited means.

ellauri096.html on line 243: ’. (This scope ambiguity is exploited by a popular joke: René Descartes sits in a bar, having a drink. The bartender asks him if he would care for another. “I think not,” he says, and disappears.)

ellauri096.html on line 269: Binkley stipulates that the students do not forget. He needs to add that the students know that they will not forget. For the mere threat of a memory lapse sometimes suffices to undermine knowledge. Consider Professor Anesthesiology’s scheme for surprise tests: “A surprise test will be given either Wednesday or Friday with the help of an amnesia drug. If the test occurs on Wednesday, then the drug will be administered five minutes after Wednesday’s class. The drug will instantly erase memory of the test and the students will fill in the gap by confabulation.” You have just completed Wednesday’s class and so temporarily know that the test will be on Friday. Ten minutes after the class, you lose this knowledge. No drug was administered and there is nothing wrong with your memory. You are correctly remembering that no test was given on Wednesday. However, you do not know your memory is accurate because you also know that if the test was given Wednesday then you would have a pseudo-memory indistinguishable from your present memory. Despite not gaining any new evidence, you change your mind about the test occurring on Wednesday and lose your knowledge that the test is on Friday. (The change of belief is not crucial; you would still lack foreknowledge of the test even if you dogmatically persisted in believing that the test will be on Friday.)

ellauri096.html on line 289: Some people wear T-shirts with Question Authority! written on them. Questioning authority is generally regarded as a matter of individual discretion. The surprise test paradox shows that it is sometimes mandatory. The student is rationally required to doubt the teacher’s announcement even though the teacher has not given any evidence of being unreliable. Indeed, the student can foresee that their change of mind opens a new opportunity for surprise.

ellauri096.html on line 293: Socrates continues to be praised for his insight. But his “discovery” is a contradiction. If Socrates knows that he knows nothing, then he knows something (the proposition that he knows nothing) and yet does not know anything (because knowledge implies truth).

ellauri096.html on line 295: Socrates could regain consistency by downgrading his meta-knowledge to the status of a belief. If he believes he knows nothing, then he naturally wishes to remedy his ignorance by asking about everything. This rationale is accepted throughout the early dialogues. But when we reach the Meno, one of his interlocutors has an epiphany. After Meno receives the standard treatment from Socrates about the nature of virtue, Meno discerns a conflict between Socratic ignorance and Socratic inquiry (Meno 80d, in Cooper 1997). How would Socrates recognize the correct answer even if Meno gave it?

ellauri096.html on line 299: Saul Kripke’s ruminations on the surprise test paradox led him to a paradox about dogmatism. He lectured on both paradoxes at Cambridge University to the Moral Sciences Club in 1972. (A descendent of this lecture now appears as Kripke 2011). Gilbert Harman transmitted Kripke’s new paradox as follows:

ellauri096.html on line 319: Augustin soll als Sohn eines heruntergekommenen Wirts aufgewachsen sein und war demnach schon früh darauf angewiesen, mit seinem Dudelsack von einer Spelunke zur nächsten zu ziehen, wobei nur wenig von dem verdienten Geld die jeweilige Kneipe verlassen haben soll – der Überlieferung nach soll er auch ein „tüchtiger Trinker“ gewesen sein.

ellauri096.html on line 321: Der Legende nach war der 36-jährige Augustin 1679 während der Pestepidemie wieder einmal betrunken und schlief irgendwo in der Gosse seinen Rausch aus. Siech-Knechte, die damals die Opfer der Epidemie einsammeln mussten, fanden ihn, hielten ihn für tot und brachten die Schnapsleiche zusammen mit den Pestleichen auf ihrem Sammelkarren vor die Stadtmauer. Dort warfen sie ihre ganze Ladung in ein offenes Massengrab. Diese Pestgrube soll sich in der Nähe der Kirche St. Ulrich am Neubau (heutiger siebter Wiener Gemeindebezirk) befunden haben, gleich neben dem Platz, an dem heute der Augustinbrunnen steht. Wie in der damaligen Situation üblich, wurde das Grab nicht sofort geschlossen, sondern provisorisch mit Kalk abgedeckt, um später weitere Pestopfer aufzunehmen. Am folgenden Tag habe Augustin inmitten der Leichen so lange krakeelt und auf seinem Dudelsack gespielt, bis Retter ihn aus der Grube zogen.

ellauri096.html on line 323: Danach soll Augustin sein Erlebnis als Bänkelsänger vorgetragen und davon recht gut gelebt haben. So ist die Legende vom lieben Augustin vielleicht seinem eigenen Bericht zu verdanken. Bereits zeitgenössische Quellen berichten von dem der Leichengrube entstiegenen Augustin. Abraham a Sancta Clara erwähnt das Ereignis in seinem „Wohlangefüllten Weinkeller“, um vor der Trunksucht zu warnen. Urkundliche Stütze für die Legende ist nur ein Eintrag im städtischen Totenschauprotokoll, das einen „Augustin N.“ verzeichnet.

ellauri096.html on line 327: Das Volkslied O du lieber Augustin ist erst um 1800 in Wien nachgewiesen. Die sehr verbreitete Melodie ist jedoch älter, so ist sie 1720 in einer Musikhandschrift belegt.[1] Teilweise wird Augustin selbst als Verfasser genannt, der Ursprung ist jedoch unklar. Der spöttische Text gibt aber den Galgenhumor wieder, der den Wienern in Erinnerung geblieben ist:

ellauri096.html on line 331: Geld ist weg, Mensch (Mäd’l) ist weg,

ellauri096.html on line 423: Né en Allemagne de parents français, il est le fils du sculpteur Jean-Louis-Théodore Chopin (of whom very little is known) et le frère du polygraphe Jean-Marie Chopin. (polygraphe n. Auteur non spécialiste qui écrit sur les sujets les plus diverses; petit scolyte qui vit sous l'écorce des conifères (épicéa)... Mots proches: polygraph popularly referred to as a lie detector). Начал своё обучение живописи в 1816 году в Академии Художеств в Санкт-Петербурге. Карьера Шопена была достаточно успешна. В 1848 году был избран почётным вольным общником Императорской академии художеств в Санкт-Петербурге, после чего преподнёс в дар Академии свою картину «Суд Соломона». 

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ellauri096.html on line 529: Galgalim (galgallim "spheres", "wheels", "whirlwinds" גַּלְגַּלִּים; singular: galgal, גַּלְגַּל), also called ophanim (Hebrew "wheels" ōphannīm אוֹפַנִּים; singular: ōphān, ofan אוֹפָן), refer to the wheels seen in Ezekiel's vision of the chariot (Hebrew merkabah) in Ezekiel 1:15–21. One of the Dead Sea scrolls (4Q405) construes them as angels; late sections of the Book of Enoch (61:10, 71:7) portray them as a class of celestial beings who (along with the Cherubim and Seraphim) never sleep, but guard the throne of God.

ellauri096.html on line 591: Although obscure at the time of its initial publication, Maldoror was rediscovered and championed by the Surrealist artists during the early twentieth century. The work's transgressive, violent, and absurd themes are shared in common with much of Surrealism's output; in particular, Louis Aragon, André Breton, Salvador Dalí, Man Ray, and Philippe Soupault were influenced by the work. Maldoror was itself influenced by earlier gothic literature of the period, including Lord Byron's Manfred, and Charles Maturin's Melmoth the Wanderer.

ellauri096.html on line 593:     Maldoror is a modular (sic) work primarily divided into six parts, or cantos; these parts are further subdivided into a total of sixty chapters, or verses. Parts one through six consist of fourteen, sixteen, five, eight, seven and ten chapters, respectively. With some exceptions, most chapters consist of a single, lengthy paragraph.[b] The text often employs very long, unconventional and confusing sentences which, together with the dearth of paragraph breaks, may suggest a stream of consciousness, or automatic writing. Over the course of the narrative, there is often a first-person narrator, although some areas of the work instead employ a third-person narrative. The book's central character is Maldoror, a figure of evil who is sometimes directly involved in a chapter's events, or else revealed to be watching at a distance. Depending on the context of narrative voice in a given place, the first-person narrator may be taken to be Maldoror himself, or sometimes not. The confusion between narrator and character may also suggest an unreliable narrator.

ellauri096.html on line 670: In a 1976 paper, Robert Lucas argued that it is naive to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data, especially highly aggregated historical data. Lucas claimed that the decision rules of Keynesian models, such as the fiscal multiplier, cannot be considered as structural, in the sense that they cannot be invariant with respect to changes in government policy variables, stating:

ellauri096.html on line 674: This meant that, because the parameters of the models were not structural, i.e. not indifferent to policy, they would necessarily change whenever policy was changed. The so-called Lucas critique followed similar criticism undertaken earlier by Ragnar Frisch, in his critique of Jan Tinbergen's 1939 book Statistical Testing of Business-Cycle Theories, where Frisch accused Tinbergen of not having discovered autonomous relations, but "coflux" relations,[10] and by Jacob Marschak, in his 1953 contribution to the Cowles Commission Monograph, where he submitted that

ellauri096.html on line 682: The associated policy implications were clear: There is no need for any form of government intervention since, ostensibly, government policies aimed at stabilizing the business cycle are welfare-reducing. Since microfoundations are based on the preferences of decision-makers in the model, DSGE models feature a natural benchmark for evaluating the welfare effects of policy changes. The Kydland/Prescott 1982 paper is often considered the starting point of RBC theory and of DSGE modeling in general and its authors were awarded the 2004 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

ellauri096.html on line 757:   Vaan eivät ole mieltänostattavia kirjan muutkaan oheistapahtumat. Pari henkeä murhataan, 1 viiltelee izeään, 2. sokeutuu, ja useampikin askartelee ilmeisen kyseenalaisissa puuhissa. Kaiken muun ohella taustalla vilahtelee mystinen Seriator vilistellen nurkissa kuin scifileffan Alien, joka vihjeiden perusteella lienee todellinen pahuuden ilmentymä. Eikä ihme, se on rakennuttaja.

ellauri096.html on line 779: The word akrasia occurs twice in the Koine Greek New Testament. In Matthew 23:25 Jesus uses it to describe hypocritical religious leaders, translated "self-indulgence" in several translations, including the English Standard version. Paul the Apostle also gives the threat of temptation through akrasia as a reason for a husband and wife to not deprive each other of sex (1 Corinthians 7:5). In another passage (Rom. 7:15–25) Paul, without actually using the term akrasia, seems to reference the same psychological phenomenon in discussing the internal conflict between, on the one hand, "the law of God," which he equates with "the law of my mind"; and "another law in my members," identified with "the flesh, the law of sin." "For the good that I would do, I do not; but the evil which I would not, that I do." (v.19)

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