Was Dante a Guelph or a Ghibelline? In the late 13th century, two major parties controlled Florence: the Black Guelphs who were nominally aligned with the Pope, and the White Guelphs who supported independence for the city-state. When the Guelphs won the struggle for control of Florence (at the 1289 Battle of Campaldino, in which Dante fought), they broke into two further factions: the Whites and the Blacks. Dante became a White Guelph, siding with those who wanted less interference from the Pope in the temporal affairs of the city. The Guelphs supported the papacy, and the Ghibellines supported the Holy Roman Emperor; Dante was a Guelph. However, he was a white Guelph (as opposed to a black Guelph): his group were seen to be unfaithful to the papacy and therefore many of their important figures were exiled from Florence.
ellauri475.html on line 121: Black propaganda for psychological effect was one of Donovan's key initiatives, inspired by the Nazis. Lauwers created the "League of Lonely War Women" to demoralize German soldiers: it spoke of a "custom" under which allied soldiers on leave could find companionship by pinning a heart to their lapel, implying that the American soldiers were being allowed to be unfaithful away from home raping females of the losing party. This made Wehrmacht soldiers green with envy.
ellauri475.html on line 179: Jane Hutton-Smith, wife and dughter to a military officer, worked as the Wahington manager of Far East MO, and trained field agents in spreading propaganda against Japanese soldiers. Her weekly Rumour Mill session with the staff involved spreading "devastating lies" about the wellbeing of unfaithful Japanese soldiers, thereby creating misinformation on planned attacks, and disrupting "muppet" relations between Japan and China. She and her colleagues generally spoke Japanese, Russian, or had other tongue skills. WTF, Russia was supposed to be on the same side in the war?
xxx/ellauri193.html on line 182: "It is understandable and human that one would be angry, disappointed and hurt if you found out your partner of 12 years had been unfaithful. There was also a measure of provocation from the deceased when she threw a plate at the accused."
xxx/ellauri193.html on line 215: Crimes of passion are often committed against women due to beliefs about female sexuality and are often present in societies dominated by strong double standards related to male and female sexual behaviors, particularly related to premarital sex and adultery. Indeed, with regard to adultery, many societies, such as Latin American countries, have been dominated by very strong double standards regarding male and female adultery, with the latter being seen as a much more serious violation. Such ideas were also supported by laws in the West; for example, in the UK, before 1923, a man could divorce solely on the wife's adultery, but a woman had to prove additional fault (eg. adultery and cruelty). Similarly, passion defenses to domestic murders were often available to men who killed unfaithful wives, but not to women who killed unfaithful husbands (France's crime of passion law, that was in force until 1975, is an example).
xxx/ellauri193.html on line 220: "The jury doesn't evaluate the crime in itself, but instead evaluates the victim and the accused's life, trying to show how adapted each one is to what they imagine should be the correct behavior for a husband and wife....The man can always be acquitted if the defense manages to convince the jury that he was a good and honest worker, a dedicated father and husband, while the woman was unfaithful and did not fulfill her responsibilities as a housewife and mother....This way the ones involved in the crime are judged distinctly. Men and women are attributed different roles, in a pattern that excludes citizenship and equality of rights.
xxx/ellauri319.html on line 668: Finding out you have syphilis can be extremely upsetting. You might experience anger if you feel you've been betrayed, or shame if you think you've infected others. However, hold off placing blame. Don't assume that your partner has been unfaithful to you. One (or both) of you may have been infected by a past partner. Ditto if you unexpectedly get pregnant.
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