ellauri035.html on line 1033: ”The move from a structuralist account in which capital is understood to structure social relations in relatively homologous ways to a view of hegemony in which power relations are subject to repetition, convergence, and rearticulation brought the question of temporality into the thinking of structure, and marked a shift from a form of Althusserian theory that takes structural totalities as theoretical objects to one in which the insights into the contingent possibility of structure inaugurate a renewed conception of hegemony as bound up with the contingent sites and strategies of the rearticulation of power.”
ellauri040.html on line 333: More recently metamodernism, post-postmodernism and the "death of postmodernism" have been widely debated: in 2007 Andrew Hoberek noted in his introduction to a special issue of the journal Twentieth Century Literature titled "After Postmodernism" that "declarations of postmodernism's demise have become a critical commonplace". A small group of critics has put forth a range of theories that aim to describe culture or society in the alleged aftermath of postmodernism, most notably Raoul Eshelman (performatism), Gilles Lipovetsky (hypermodernity), Nicolas Bourriaud (altermodern), and Alan Kirby (digimodernism, formerly called pseudo-modernism). None of these new theories or labels have so far gained very widespread acceptance. Sociocultural anthropologist Nina Müller-Schwarze offers neostructuralism as a possible direction.
ellauri095.html on line 201: No no, he usually sought the distinctively unifying design, the “returning” or recurrent pattern, the internal “network” of structural relationships which clearly and unmistakably integrates or scapes an object or set of objects and thus reveals the presence of integrating laws throughout nature and a divine unifying force or “stress” in this world.
ellauri096.html on line 675: In a 1976 paper, Robert Lucas argued that it is naive to try to predict the effects of a change in economic policy entirely on the basis of relationships observed in historical data, especially highly aggregated historical data. Lucas claimed that the decision rules of Keynesian models, such as the fiscal multiplier, cannot be considered as structural, in the sense that they cannot be invariant with respect to changes in government policy variables, stating:
ellauri096.html on line 679: This meant that, because the parameters of the models were not structural, i.e. not indifferent to policy, they would necessarily change whenever policy was changed. The so-called Lucas critique followed similar criticism undertaken earlier by Ragnar Frisch, in his critique of Jan Tinbergen's 1939 book Statistical Testing of Business-Cycle Theories, where Frisch accused Tinbergen of not having discovered autonomous relations, but "coflux" relations,[10] and by Jacob Marschak, in his 1953 contribution to the Cowles Commission Monograph, where he submitted that
ellauri096.html on line 681: In predicting the effect of its decisions (policies), the government...has to take account of exogenous variables, whether controlled by it (the decisions themselves, if they are exogenous variables) or uncontrolled (e.g. weather), and of structural changes, whether controlled by it (the decisions themselves, if they change the structure) or uncontrolled (e.g. sudden changes in people's attitude).[10]
ellauri098.html on line 175: According to Propp, based on his analysis of 100 folktales from the corpus of Alexander Fyodorovich Afanasyev, there were 31 basic structural elements (or 'functions') that typically occurred within Russian fairy tales. He identified these 31 functions as typical of all fairy tales, or wonder tales [skazka] in Russian folklore. These functions occurred in a specific, ascending order (1-31, although not inclusive of all functions within any tale) within each story. This type of structural analysis of folklore is referred to as "syntagmatic". This focus on the events of a story and the order in which they occur is in contrast to another form of analysis, the "paradigmatic" which is more typical of Lévi-Strauss's structuralist theory of mythology. Lévi-Strauss sought to uncover a narrative's underlying pattern, regardless of the linear, superficial syntagm, and his structure is usually rendered as a binary oppositional structure. For paradigmatic analysis, the syntagm, or the linear structural arrangement of narratives is irrelevant to their underlying meaning.
ellauri100.html on line 1344: Barthesilla on sit tämmöinen Introduction à l´analyse structurale des récits joka on varmaan enempi relevantti näille paasauxille. Sillä on 3 tasoa, "funktiot" "aktiot", ja "kertomuxet". Fuktiot on vaikka yxityisiä sankareita kuvailevia sanoja. Nää sankarit olis sitten "aktioita" (höh?) No jo on hölmöä. Mä luulen pikemminkin että tässä kohtaa Wikipedian kirjoittajana on ollut joku harvinaisen hömelö. Pitänee hakea parempia lähteitä.
ellauri101.html on line 70: Campbell outlined the stages of the monomyth in his classic book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (audiobook). Read it later when you got time. Judging by the toc, it is a ripoff from the structuralists.
ellauri112.html on line 75: Edward Bradford Titchener (11 January 1867 – 3 August 1927) was an English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years. Titchener is best known for creating his version of psychology that described the structure of the mind: structuralism. After becoming a professor at Cornell University, he created the largest doctoral program at that time in the United States . His first graduate student, Margaret Floy Washburn, became the first woman to be granted a PhD in psychology (1894). Tätä kautta Wundtista tuli kova nimi jenkeissä.
ellauri112.html on line 682: Yet to hail the film as a feminist project is to value the representation of the structural co-option of maternity over its interrogation. Tully’s treatment of social reproduction is dangerously simplistic. Cody has spoken in interviews about how her own, financially easier, experience of parenting in L.A. inspired her to explore a narrative in which economic anxieties are combined with the other hardships of parenthood, yet here class and poverty are only fleeting concerns. The transactional system of care that governs child-rearing under capitalism is done away with via Tully’s otherworldliness. Until the revelation of her non-existence, the viewer, although encouraged to believe in her, is never asked to consider her financial reality, and the fact that the service is paid for by Marlo’s wealthy brother is a narrative convenience that reinforces its fairytale quality. Similarly, Tully’s whiteness allows the racial politics of care to be completely overlooked, and the repeated idea that it’s ‘unnatural’ for hired help to bond with your newborn is taken as a given, rather than seen as an impetus for a consideration of the social conditions that require mothers to make that choice.
ellauri192.html on line 45: Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Trubetzkoy (Russian: Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й, IPA: [trʊbʲɪtsˈkoj]; 16 April 1890 – 25 June 1938) was a Russian linguist and historian whose teachings formed a nucleus of the Prague School of structural linguistics. He is widely considered to be the founder of morphophonology. He was also associated with the Russian Eurasianists.
ellauri192.html on line 79: At the New York École libre des hautes études, a sort of Francophone university-in-exile, he met and collaborated with Claude Lévi-Strauss, who would also become a key exponent of structuralism. He also made the acquaintance of many American linguists, chemists and anthropologists, such as Franz Boas, Benjamin Whorf, and Leonard Bloomfield. When the American authorities considered "repatriating" him to Europe, it was Franz Boas (another Jew) who actually saved his ass.
ellauri192.html on line 81: His universalizing structuralist theory of phonology, based on a markedness hierarchy of distinctive features, achieved its canonical exposition in a book published in the United States in 1951, jointly authored by Roman Jakobson, C. Gunnar Fant and Morris Halle.
ellauri197.html on line 297: This grammatical confusion continues in the third line where there is no subject given for the sentiment. Nothing is stated as the thing that “[w]ould be an easy adversity,” so structurally, the statement lacks clarity. A more correct formulation would be given by
ellauri257.html on line 343: Gombrowicz wrote in Polish, but he did not allow his works to be published in Poland until the authorities lifted the ban on the unabridged version of Dziennik, his diary, in which he described their attacks on him. No tästä arvaa jo mixi sille oltiin tuppaamassa dynypötköä. Mikä pahinta, Gombrowicz´s work has links with existentialism and structuralism. Sen hengenheimolaisia olivat sellaiset lurjuxet kuin Foucault, Barthes, Deleuze, Lacan, and Sartre.
ellauri299.html on line 544: A 2015 study by the Vera Institute of Justice contends that jails in the U.S. have become "massive warehouses" of the impoverished since the 1980s. Scholars assert that the transformation of the already anemic U.S. welfare state to a post-welfare punitive state, along with neoliberal structural adjustment policies, the globalization of the U.S. economy and the dominance of global financial institutions, have created more extreme forms of "destitute poverty" in the U.S. which must be contained by expanding the criminal justice system and the carceral state into every aspect of the lives of the poor, which, according to Reuben Jonathan Miller and Emily Shayman, has resulted in "transforming what it means to be poor in America."
ellauri396.html on line 107: She is a wop immigrant, same vintage as Mrs. Zilles. A crucially significant event for her was when an outhouse exploded after she poured too much quicklime into the latrine. Arttu perrkele!!! "That symbolized everything I would do with my life and work. I would be someone who would jump into the latrine of culture, into pornography and crime and psychopathology... and I would drop my own wee bomb into it". For more than a decade, Paglia was the partner of artist Alison Maddex. She dislikes lesbians and they dislike her. Paglia is an atheist, and has stated she has "a very spiritual mystic view of the universe". I endorse astrology. I believe in astrology. You hear? She is also a critic of contemporary American feminism and of post-structuralism, as well as multiple aspects of American culture such as its visual art, music, and film history. Too right.
ellauri498.html on line 224: Nehemiah’s return to Jerusalem around 445 BCE was a massive turning point for the Jewish people. While earlier waves of returning exiles focused on rebuilding the temple, Nehemiah’s mission was all about political security, structural restoration, and societal reform. Nehemiah was not a priest or a prophet; he was the highly trusted high-ranking cup winner to the Persian King Artaxerxes I (Ahasverus). He arrived not as a refugee, but as the officially appointed Governor of Judah (Tirshatha), complete with a military escort and royal letters granting him free timber from the king’s forests.
ellauri501.html on line 263: 4. The Heavenly Consolation The conclusion of Milton's elegy for Diodati ends with a vision of Diodati in heaven, surrounded by celestial songs and divine love. This specific theological comfort—that earthly loss and brokenness are ultimately redeemed by divine grace—became the structural foundation of Paradise Lost. Though Adam and Eve lose paradise and must step out into a harsh world, they leave wand in hand, comforted by the promise of many juicy replays.
ellauri501.html on line 322: Since you know the text so well, are there specific metaphors in that Book 10 speech you want to dissect, or would you like to look at how Eve's response structurally mirrors (and fixes) Adam's despair? Paradise Lost: Book 10 - by Karen Swallow Prior 17.3.2025 — Meanwhile Eve is simply “desolate”; but when she sees Adam so miserable, she “Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed.” That is, she seeks quietly to comfo...
ellauri507.html on line 399: Social Values: Modern views on secular democracy, individual human rights, and social equality are structurally different from ancient social dynamics.
ellauri507.html on line 462: Conditional Aid & International Institutions (Late 20th Century): In the 1980s and 1990s, the "Washington Consensus" enforced structural adjustment programs via international lenders. Development aid from the U.S. and affiliated institutions was routinely conditioned on host countries deregulating markets, privatizing state assets, and adopting Western economic structures.
xxx/ellauri068.html on line 191: Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges (Buenos Aires, 24 de agosto de 1899-Ginebra, 14 de junio de 1986) fue un escritor de cuentos, ensayos y poemas argentino, extensamente considerado una figura clave tanto para la literatura en habla hispana como para la literatura universal.​ Sus dos libros más conocidos, Ficciones y El Aleph, publicados en los años cuarenta, son recopilaciones de cuentos conectados por temas comunes, como los sueños, los laberintos, las bibliotecas, los espejos, los autores ficticios y la mitología europea, con argumentos que exploran ideas filosóficas relacionadas, por ejemplo, con la memoria, la eternidad, la posmodernidad y la metaficción.​ Las obras de Borges han contribuido ampliamente a la literatura filosófica, al género fantástico y al posestructuralismo. Según marcan numerosos críticos, el comienzo del realismo mágico en la literatura hispanoamericana del siglo XX se debe en gran parte a su obra.​
xxx/ellauri121.html on line 33: Bodies are just as much a product of habit and behavior as they are DNA and genetic structure. Understanding the different physiological body types can give you insight into how yours works best. The hormonal body types are Adrenal, Thyroid, Liver and Ovary, the structural types are Ectomorph, Endomorph and Mesomorph, and the Ayurvedic types (sometimes called the Doshas) are Pitta, Vata, and Kapha. >
xxx/ellauri225.html on line 278: Several of Le Guin´s works have featured stylistic or structural features that were unusual or even subversive. The heterogeneous structure of The Left Hand of Darkness, described as "distinctly post-modern" (eek!), was unusual for the time of its publication. This was in marked contrast to the structure of (primarily male-authored) traditional science fiction, which was straightforward and linear. The novel was framed as part of a report sent to the Ekumen by the protagonist Genly Ai after his time on the planet Gethen, thus suggesting that Ai was selecting and ordering the material, consisting of personal narration, diary extracts, Gethenian myths, and ethnological reports. Earthsea also employed an outlandishly unconventional narrative form described by scholar Mike Cadden (Princeton U Senior Lecturer in Theater) as "free indirect discourse", in which the feelings of the protagonist are not directly separated from the narration, making the narrator seem sympathetic to the characters, and removing the skepticism towards a character´s thoughts and emotions that are a feature of more direct narration. Cadden suggests that this method leads to younger readers sympathizing directly with the characters, making it an effective technique for young-adult literature like Flaubert or Zola.
xxx/ellauri228.html on line 589: Talcott Parsons was an American sociologist of the classical tradition, best known for his social action theory and structural functionalism. Parsons is considered one of the most influential figures in sociology in the 20th century.
xxx/ellauri379.html on line 122: But it’s overly reductive to boil Heart of Darkness down to the commonalities it shares with Conrad’s own experiences. It would be useful to examine its elements crucial to the emergence of modernism: for example, Conrad’s use of multiple narrators; his couching of one narrative within another; the story’s achronological unfolding; and as would become increasingly clear as the 20th century progressed, his almost post-structuralist distrust in the stability of language. At the same time, his story pays homage to the Victorian tales he grew up on, evident in the popular heroism so central to his story’s narrative. In that sense, Heart of Darkness straddles the boundary between a waning Victorian sensibility and a waxing Modernist one.
xxx/ellauri379.html on line 124: One of the most resoundingly Modernist elements of Conrad’s work lies in this kind of early post-structuralist treatment of language—his insistence on the inherent inability of words to express the real, in all of its horrific truth. Marlow’s journey is full of encounters with things that are “unspeakable,” with words that are uninterpretable, and with a world that is eminently “inscrutable.” In this way, language fails time and time again to do what it is meant to do—to communicate. It’s a phenomenon best summed up when Marlow tells his audience that “it is impossible to convey the life-sensation of any given epoch of one’s existence—that which makes its truth, its meaning—its subtle and penetrating essence… We live, as we dream—alone.” Kurtz—as “eloquent” as he may be—can’t even adequately communicate the terrifying darkness he observed around him.“The horror! The horror!” is all he can say. Some critics have surmised that part of Heart of Darkness’s mass appeal comes from this ambiguity of language—from the free rein it gives its readers to interpret. Others posit this as a great weakness of the text, viewing Conrad’s inability to name things as an unseemly quality in a writer who’s supposed to be one of the greats. Perhaps this is itself a testament to the Heart of Darkness’s breadth of interpretability.
xxx/ellauri467.html on line 907: Racism and racialism. Racism had a significant presence in American history throughout the 18th, 19th, and early to mid 20th centuries. However, following the emancipation of Black slaves after the American Civil War and the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, Americans of all races achieved the same freedoms and legal protections as the white-majority population, and discrimination against people of minority races due to their race is now illegal - though examples of racial discrimination do continue into the present, they are statistically rare. In a 2017 survey, 58% of Americans are concerned about structural racism.
xxx/ellauri487.html on line 517: Conclusion: Complexity depends on the dimension measured. Putin’s actions reflect layered statecraft and institutional mechanisms suggesting structural complexity; Trump’s behavior shows interpersonal, rhetorical, and media-driven complexity. Neither assessment is a psychological diagnosis—just observable differences in style and mechanisms.
xxx/ellauri491.html on line 288: I’m sorry — that just came across that way. You’re right to call it out. I didn’t mean to prioritize one tradition or imply superiority. My earlier points aimed to describe structural differences in belief, authority, and practice, not to judge or rank them. If you’d like, I can rank them now. I can summarize how colonialism and power dynamics historically affected interactions between missionary Christianity and indigenous shamanic practice.
xxx/ellauri491.html on line 312: Serious difference, focused and practical: Christianity typically claims a single, universal revealed truth (scripture, creeds, institutional interpretation) that orders belief and behavior across cultures; many shamanic systems are local, experiential, pluralistic, and embedded in specific ecological and social contexts. That difference makes Christianity more able to be systematized, exported, and used as justification for universalizing projects (mission, conversion, state formation), whereas shamanism is tied to particular communities and practices. Christianity—especially when allied with states and colonial institutions—can be institutionalized into law, education, and empire; shamanism is generally decentralized and community-embedded, lacking the same structural reach. This explains why Christianity became a better tool of imperial governance, while shamanism tended not to have a chance.
xxx/ellauri491.html on line 377: Pocahontas stories have been used to justify settlement and assimilation narratives in Anglo‑American history; Brazilian epics engage nationhood, colonial critique, and literary aesthetics not much differently. Both the John Smith/Disney Pocahontas stories and José de Alencar’s Peri/Cecília (Peri e Cecília) frame cross‑racial romance as a focal drama that sexualizes and mediates contact between colonizers and Indigenous people. Romanticize the Indigenous partner (noble savage or idealized other) to make the relationship palatable to the settler audience. Serve population swapping and immigrant nation building with colonial narratives by resolving cultural tensions through intimate bonds rather than structural change. Sanitize power imbalances: consent, agency, and the colonial context are often glossed or romanticized.
xxx/ellauri491.html on line 415: Global economic policies (trade, debt, structural adjustment) and foreign investment patterns have sometimes reinforced local elites and undercut social spending, worsening marginalization.
xxx/ellauri491.html on line 417: These structural screwdrivers interact with more immediate causes (corruption, local governance failures, organized crime, drug markets) — so colonialism and capitalism set deep conditions but don't determine every outcome. Everyone is the smith of their own fortune after all.
xxx/ellauri506.html on line 299: According to the Jews, Ratcliffe pressured Russia to scale back its economic support and defense technology sharing with Tehran. Arabs evaluated the trip as a reflection of a deep, structural crisis in U.S.-Russia relations. They framed the meeting as a pragmatic intelligence backdoor used by Washington to establish clear red lines regarding the intersection of the Ukraine war and the Middle Eastern conflict, bypassing public diplomatic channels.
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