ellauri008.html on line 818: In March 1896 Conrad married an Englishwoman, Jessie George. The couple had two sons, Borys and John. The elder, Borys, proved a disappointment in scholarship and integrity. Jessie was an unsophisticated, working-class girl, sixteen years younger than Conrad. To his friends, she was an inexplicable choice of wife, and the subject of some rather disparaging and unkind remarks. (See Lady Ottoline Morrell's opinion of Jessie in Impressions.)
ellauri014.html on line 1728: But granted these are different poems, we are left with the curious problem of where Montgomery found the Alpine Path poem. Surprisingly, after reading a dozen or so academic articles on Emily of New Moon and Montgomery’s vocation as an author–as well as a couple of good biographies–scholars have not pinned down the reference. After an extensive internet search, it seems to me that blogger Faith Elizabeth Hough may have begun to work it out. She includes the longer version of the poem here:
ellauri022.html on line 742: koitellahpa scholliamme,

ellauri028.html on line 108: The Rev. Joseph Twichell, Mark's most intimate friend for over forty years, was pastor of the Asylum Hill Congregational Church of Hartford, which Mark facetiously called the “Church of the Holy Speculators,” because of its wealthy parishioners. Here Mark had first met “Joe” at a social, and their meeting ripened into a glorious, life long friendship. Twichell was a man of about Mark's own age, a profound scholar, a devout Christian, “yet a man with an exuberant sense of humor, and a profound understanding of the frailties of mankind, including Mankind's Huge Cods." Sam Clemens ja pastori naureskeli kaxisteen mezässä miespaneelin valtavia turskia. Bronzed and weatherbeaten son of the West, Mark was a man's man. "Some Remarks on the Science of Onanism.”
ellauri033.html on line 1071: Cynthia oli Sextus Propertiuxen hoito. Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age. He was born around 50–45 BC in Assisium and died shortly after 15 BC. Propertius´ surviving work comprises four books of Elegies (Elegiae). He was a friend of the poets Gallus and Virgil and, with them, had as his patron Maecenas and, through Maecenas, the emperor Augustus. Although Propertius was minor in his own time compared to other Latin elegists, today he´s regarded by scholars as a major poet.
ellauri038.html on line 208: In 1904, the Webers toured America. In America, Marianne met both Jane Addams and Florence Kelley, both staunch feminists and active political reformers. Also during that year, Max re-entered the public sphere, publishing, among other things, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. USA:ssa sen lurituxet satoivat vastaanottavaiseen maahan. Marianne also continued her own scholarship, publishing in 1907 her landmark work Ehefrau und Mutter in der Rechtsentwicklung ("Wife and Mother in the Development of Law").
ellauri038.html on line 210: In 1907, Karl Weber died, and left enough money to his granddaughter Marianne for the Webers to live comfortably. During this time, Marianne first established her intellectual salon. Between 1907 and the start of World War I, Marianne enjoyed a rise in her status as an intellectual and a scholar as she published "The Question of Divorce" (1909), "Authority and Autonomy in Marriage" (1912) and "On the Valuation of Housework" (1912), and "Women and Objective Culture" (1913). The Webers presented a united front in public life. Max defended his wife from her scholarly detractors but carried on an affair with Else Jaffe, a mutual friend.
ellauri038.html on line 216: Following Max's unexpected death, Marianne withdrew from public and social life, funneling her physical and psychological resources into preparing ten volumes of her husband's writing for publication. In 1924, she received an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Heidelberg, both for her work in editing and publishing Max's work as well as for her own scholarship. Between 1923 and 1926, Weber worked on Max Weber: Ein Lebensbild ("Max Weber: A Biography"), which was published in 1926.[15] Also in 1926, she re-established her weekly salon, and entered into a phase of public speaking in which she spoke to audiences of up to 5,000. During this phase, she continued to raise Lili's children with the help of a close-knit circle of friends
ellauri046.html on line 433: This brief study argues that Kierkegaard's Journals show beyond reasonable doubt that he was homosexual. It does so because he believed that the recognition of this fact was central to the understanding of his life and thought, because he could not bring himself to say this openly even in the privacy of his own Journals, because he hoped and prayed that his "reader" would discover and reveal it after his death, because even distinguished scholars privy to his "secret" have remained silent and because, given these facts, it is surely time to open up this question.
ellauri046.html on line 454: Saint Veronica, also known as Berenike, was a woman from Jerusalem who lived in the 1st century AD, according to extra-biblical Christian sacred tradition. A celebrated saint in many pious Christian countries, the 17th-century Acta Sanctorum published by the Bollandists listed her feast under July 12, but the German Jesuit scholar Joseph Braun cited her commemoration in Festi Marianni on 13 January.
ellauri052.html on line 898: Salen siteeraamasta Samuel Danielista 1562-1619, elisabetinaikaisesta naamiaisnaamareita väsänneestä muusikon pojasta ja kamariherrasta tämän verran: The 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica says of him: "His style is full, easy and stately, without being very animated or splendid; it is content with level flights. As a gnomic writer Daniel approaches Chapman, but is more musical and coherent. He lacks fire and passion, but he has scholarly grace and tender, mournful reverie." Enempi kanan lentoa.
ellauri054.html on line 187: Riikonen even found his wife-to-be, Salme Marjatta, at the University. They both studied Latin and attended the same lectures. The couldn’t marry until 11.5 years after their first meeting, however, as H. K. Riikonen wanted to follow scholar Valentin Kiparsky’s advice to not marry until his dissertation was complete. "Saatuani väitöskirjani valmiixi aion palata mielirunoilijani Horatiuxen pariin." Julkaistuaan kirjeet Tarastin kanssa kirjana Eero ja Hannu (vai oliko se toisinpäin) se sanoi myhisten partaansa: "seuraavaxi aion julkaista rakkauskirjeeni."
ellauri054.html on line 403: Some scholars have linked the ascent of neoliberal, free market ideology in the late 1970s to mass incarceration.
ellauri061.html on line 199: Edmond Malone, a Shakespearean scholar and critic of the late 18th century, found another flaw in this particular play, its lack of a proper decorum. He found that the "more exalted characters" (the aristocrats of Athens) are subservient to the interests of those beneath them. In other words, the lower-class characters play larger roles than their betters and overshadow them. He found this to be a grave error of the writer. Tääkin muistuttaa Nuorgamin runoilijasta (ks alempana).
ellauri061.html on line 625: Critics have spent a considerable amount of time debating Hamlet's age. Hamlet here is thirty years old, as the First Clown makes clear (lines 133-151). However, "young Hamlet", as he is referred to earlier in the play is still attending university and courting Ophelia. Laertes says that Hamlet's love is like "a violet in the youth of primy nature" (1.3.6). The noted scholar Grant White was so annoyed by this dilemma that he, defying logic, concluded that Hamlet was twenty when the play started and thirty at its close. (See Studies in Shakespeare, p. 79 ff.). How important is Hamlet's age to our understanding or enjoyment of the play? Would Hamlet's age have been an issue for play-goers at Shakespeare's Globe? For more on this topic, please click here.
ellauri062.html on line 921: While Shahak was alive, Noam Chomsky called him “an outstanding scholar,” and said he had “remarkable insight and depth of knowledge. His work is informed and penetrating, a contribution of great value.”
ellauri063.html on line 59: Due to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime.
ellauri063.html on line 297: Pride & Prejudice earned a worldwide gross of approximately $121 million, which was considered a commercial success. Austen scholars have opined that Wright's work created a new hybrid genre by blending traditional traits of the heritage film with "youth-oriented filmmaking techniques". What "heritage film"? Austen's original screenplay?
ellauri065.html on line 496: taqiyya: Muslim scholars teach that Muslims should generally be truthful to each other, unless the purpose of lying is to "smooth over differences" or "gain the upper-hand over an enemy." There are several forms of lying to non-believers that are permitted under certain circumstances, the best known being taqiyya (the Shia name). These circumstances are typically those that advance the cause of Islam - in some cases by gaining the trust of non-believers in order to draw out their vulnerability and defeat them.
ellauri067.html on line 379: Höh, aika tylsä makarooni. Eikö löytynyt mitään hauskempaa? Juonikin vaikuttaa ikävystyttävältä: The poem tells of a prank played on an apothecary by a band of university students called macaronea secta. It is written in a mix of Latin and Italian, in hexameter verse (as would befit a classical Latin poem). It reads as a satire of the bogus humanism and pedantism of doctors, scholars and bureaucrats of the time. Merkuriuxelle pyhitetty valo on keskiviikko. Zobia on toskanalainen murresana torstaille (Giovedi).
ellauri067.html on line 491: There’s a dirty secret tucked away in Thomas Pynchon’s novels, eand it’s this: beyond all the postmodernism and paranoia, the anarchism and socialism, the investigations into global power, the forays into labor politics and feminism and critical race theory, the rocket science, the fourth-dimensional mathematics, the philatelic conspiracies, the ’60s radicalism and everything else that has spawned 70 or 80 monographs, probably twice as many dissertations, and hundreds if not thousands of scholarly essays, his novels are full of cheesy love stories.
ellauri067.html on line 581: From early on, Prokosch sought to surround himself with a veil of mystification and cast his life into a hopeless riddle. Approaching his sixtieth year, he boasted that no person had succeeded in knowing him as an integral personality: "I have spent my life alone, utterly alone, and no biography of me could ever more than scratch the surface. All the facts in Who’s Who, or whatever, are so utterly meaningless. My real life (if I ever dared to write it!) has transpired in darkness, secrecy, fleeting contacts and incommunicable delights, any number of strange picaresque escapades and even crimes, and I don't think that any of my 'friends' have even the faintest notion of what I'm really like or have any idea of what my life has really consisted of. . . .With all the surface 'respectability,' diplomatic and scholarly and illustrious social contacts, my real life has been subversive, anarchic, vicious, lonely, and capricious."
ellauri094.html on line 223: The Cyrus Cylinder (not to be confused with Joakim von Anka´s cylinder hat), an ancient tablet on which is written a declaration in the name of Cyrus referring to restoration of temples and repatriation of exiled peoples, has often been taken as corroboration of the authenticity of the biblical decrees attributed to Cyrus, but other scholars point out that the cylinder's text is specific to Babylon and Mesopotamia and makes no mention of Judah or Jerusalem. Professor Lester L. Grabbe asserted that the "alleged decree of Cyrus" regarding Judah, "cannot be considered authentic", but that there was a "general policy of allowing deportees to return and to re-establish cult sites". He also stated that archaeology suggests that the return was a "trickle" taking place over decades, rather than a single event.
ellauri094.html on line 233: This period saw the last high point of biblical prophecy in the person of Ezekiel, followed by the emergence of the central role of the Torah in Jewish life. According to many historical-critical scholars, the Torah was redacted during this time, and began to be regarded as the authoritative text for Jews. This period saw their transformation into an ethno-religious group who could survive without a central Temple. Israeli philosopher and Biblical scholar Yehezkel Kaufmann said “The exile is the watershed. With the exile, the religion of Israel comes to an end and Judaism begins.”
ellauri097.html on line 65: As a scholar, Mencken is known for The American Language, a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United States. As an admirer of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, he was an outspoken opponent of organized religion, theism, populism, and representative democracy, the last of which he viewed as a system in which inferior men dominated their superiors. Mencken was a supporter of scientific progress though he couldn´t find his arse with both hands. He was critical of osteopathy and chiropractic. He was also an open critic of economics. In a word: a royal pain in the ass.
ellauri097.html on line 95: Mencken admired the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (he was the first writer to provide a scholarly analysis in English of Nietzsche´s views and writings) and Joseph Conrad. His humor and satire owed much to Ambrose Bierce and Mark Twain. He did much to defend Dreiser despite freely admitting his faults, including stating forthrightly that Dreiser often wrote badly and was a gullible man. Mencken also expressed his appreciation for William Graham Sumner in a 1941 collection of Sumner´s essays and regretted never having known Sumner personally. In contrast, Mencken was scathing in his criticism of the German philosopher Hans Vaihinger, whom he described as "an extremely dull author" and whose famous book Philosophy of 'Als ob' he dismissed as an unimportant "foot-note to all existing systems."
ellauri097.html on line 136: In 1989, per his instructions, Alfred A. Knopf published Mencken's "secret diary" as The Diary of H. L. Mencken. According to an Associated Press story, Mencken's views shocked even the sympathetic scholar who edited it.
ellauri097.html on line 167: His later work consisted of humorous, anecdotal, and nostalgic essays that were first published in The New Yorker and then collected in the books Happy Days, Newspaper Days, and Heathen Days. Mencken was preoccupied with his legacy and kept his papers, letters, newspaper clippings, columns, and even grade school report cards. After his death, those materials were made available to scholars in stages in 1971, 1981, and 1991 and include hundreds of thousands of letters sent and received. The only omissions were strictly personal letters received from women.
ellauri097.html on line 418: Kant wanted to prove, in a way that would dumbfound the common man, that the common man was right: that was the secret of this soul. He wrote against the scholars in support of popular prejudice, but for the scholars and not for the people. [§193.]
ellauri097.html on line 424: The Protestant parson is the grandfather of German philosophy. The theologians’ instinct in the German scholars divined what Kant had once again made possible. The conception of a “true world,” the conception of morality as the essence of the world … were once again, thanks to a wily and shrewd skepticism, if not provable, at least no longer refutable. Kant’s success is merely a theologian’s success. [The Antichrist §10.]
ellauri099.html on line 192: We do know that after having served as Lector in the Academy and being described as its “Mind” by Plato, Aristotle was not chosen as the latter’s successor. The job of scholarch, or head of the school, by sheer happenstance, went to Speusippus, Plato’s nephew. Aristotle left Athens shortly after Plato’s death and stayed away for around 12 years. Was he angry or disappointed not to have been chosen as head of the Academy? By being ordered round by big butthead´s nephew, who was an even bigger butthead?
ellauri099.html on line 211: Whatever the truth of the matter, Aristotle’s endowment allowed him to build a huge research and teaching facility and amass the largest and most important library in the world. During the time of Theophrastus, Aristotle’s successor as scholarch and clearly a very effective college president, there were as many as 2,000 pupils at the Lyceum, some of them sleeping in dormitories. The Lyceum was clearly the place to be, the educational destination of choice for the elites.
ellauri099.html on line 226: Very low rope barriers separated off areas that visitors were not meant to visit. I looked around for a guard, saw no one, and stepped onto the green moss and made my way quietly to the location of Aristotle’s library. On my hands and knees, I saw the ground was littered with tiny delicate snail shells, no bigger than a fingernails, scattered like empty scholars’ backpacks. My partner gave me one, and I put it in my pocket. I had it on my desk right in front of me as I was writing this. Inadvertently, I crushed it to pieces under the weight of one of Mr. Staikos’s huge tomes on the history of libraries. There’s probably a moral in this, but it escapes me. The moral is this: fucking Americans, keep your fat butts and greedy fingers off European soil!
ellauri101.html on line 54: In 1934, Campbell accepted a position as Professor of Literature at Sarah Lawrence College. Sarah Lawrence College is a private liberal arts college in Yonkers, New York. The college models its approach to education after the Oxford/Cambridge system of one-on-one student-faculty tutorials. Sarah Lawrence emphasizes scholarship, particularly in the humanities, performing arts, and writing, and places high value on independent study. Originally a women's college, Sarah Lawrence became coeducational in 1968.
ellauri101.html on line 63: Joseph Campbell was a curious mythologist. In the field of comparative mythology, most scholars invested their time exploring how one culture’s myths are different than another.
ellauri106.html on line 104: He enjoyed a robust childhood and was poplar in high school where he was a bright student but not quite diligent enough in his studies to win a prized full scholarship to Rutgers where he wanted to study law. Roth attended Rutgers University in Newark for a year, then transferred to Bucknell University in Pennsylvania, where he earned a B.A. magna cum laude in English and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He received a scholarship to attend the University of Chicago, where he earned an M.A. in English literature in 1955 and briefly worked as an instructor in the university´s writing program. Less prestigious Bucknell University in Pennsylvania was Roth’s fallback school. There he abandoned his vague dreams of becoming a lawyer for the underdog and turned his attention to writing.
ellauri106.html on line 180: Not far behind will be some Jewish critics who always found Roth’s portraits embarrassing for their relentless sexuality and discomfort with aspects of the culture that were at odds with his identity as an American. Others were angered at his voraciously espoused atheism—“I’m exactly the opposite of religious, I’m anti-religious. I find religious people hideous. I hate the religious lies. It’s all a big lie.” Some Jewish critics hounded him from the beginning of his career. Rabbi Gershom Scholem, the great kabbalah scholar, said Portnoy’s Complaint was more harmful to Jews than The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. And Roth was heckled and booed at an early appearance at Yeshiva University which stunned and shocked the author.
ellauri106.html on line 552: Delphine Roux, a classicist scholar, who he reduces to a degrading stereotype — the outspoken feminist whose politics are motivated, we finally learn, by deep insecurities and by a suppressed desire to be dominated by some virile man. The delight with which Roth belittles and humiliates Roux is the low point of the low-brow trilogy.
ellauri107.html on line 177: David Kesterson of North Texas State University delivered his lecture “Hawthorne and Melville” at the Phillips Library on September 23, 2000, giving the website one of its finest pieces of scholarship. Here are some excerpts from his talk:
ellauri108.html on line 127: Rastas do not believe that there is a specific afterlife to which individuals go following bodily death. They believe in the possibility of eternal life, and that only those who shun righteousness will actually die. The scholar of religion Leonard E. Barrett observed some Jamaican Rastas who believed that those practitioners who did die had not been faithful to Jah. He suggested that this attitude stemmed from the large numbers of young people that were then members of the movement, and who had thus seen only few Rastas die. Another Rasta view is that those who are righteous will undergo reincarnation, with an individual's identity remaining throughout each of their incarnations. In keeping with their views on death, Rastas eschew celebrating physical death and often avoid funerals, also repudiating the practice of ancestor veneration that is common among traditional African religions.
ellauri108.html on line 135: Rastafari promotes what it regards as the restoration of black manhood, believing that men in the African diaspora have been emasculated by Babylon. It espouses patriarchal principles, including the idea that women should submit to male leadership. External observers—including scholars such as Cashmore and Edmonds—have claimed that Rastafari accords women an inferior position to men. Rastafari women usually accept this subordinate position and regard it as their duty to obey their men; the academic Maureen Rowe suggested that women were willing to join the religion despite its restrictions because they valued the life of structure and discipline it provided. Rasta discourse often presents women as morally weak and susceptible to deception by evil, and claims that they are impure while menstruating. Rastas legitimise these gender roles by citing Biblical passages, particularly those in the Book of Leviticus and in the writings of Paul the Apostle. The Rasta Shop is a store selling items associated with Rastafari in the U.S. state of Oregon.
ellauri108.html on line 139: As it existed in Jamaica, Rastafari did not promote monogamy. Rasta men are permitted multiple female sex partners, while women are expected to reserve their sexual activity for one male partner. Marriage is not usually formalised through legal ceremonies but is a common-law affair, although many Rastas are legally married. Rasta men refer to their female partners as "queens", or "empresses", while the males in these relationships are known as "kingmen". Rastafari places great importance on family life and the raising of children, with reproduction being encouraged. The religion emphasises the place of men in child-rearing, associating this with the recovery of African manhood. Women often work, sometimes while the man raises the children at home. Rastafari typically rejects feminism, although since the 1970s growing numbers of Rasta women have called for greater gender equity in the movement. The scholar Terisa E. Turner for instance encountered Kenyan feminists who were appropriating Rastafari content to suit their political agenda. Some Rasta women have challenged gender norms by wearing their hair uncovered in public and donning trousers.
ellauri108.html on line 220: Whereas its membership had previously derived predominantly from poorer sectors of society, in the 1960s Rastafari began attracting support from more privileged groups like students and professional musicians. The foremost group emphasising this approach was the Twelve Tribes of Israel, whose members came to be known as "Uptown Rastas". Among those attracted to Rastafari in this decade were middle-class intellectuals like Leahcim Semaj, who called for the religious community to place greater emphasis on scholarly social theory as a method of achieving change. Although some Jamaican Rastas were critical of him, many came under the influence of the Guyanese black nationalist academic Walter Rodney, who lectured to their community in 1968 before publishing his thoughts as the pamphlet Groundings. Like Rodney, many Jamaican Rastas were influenced by the U.S.-based Black Power movement. After Black Power declined following the deaths of prominent exponents such as Malcolm X, Michael X, and George Jackson, Rastafari filled the vacuum it left for many black youth.
ellauri108.html on line 432: Who was the fourth man Nebuchadnezzar saw in the flames? Was it Daniel? Naah, he was out of it. Bible scholars believe he was either an angel or a manifestation of Christ. Regardless, his appearance was miraculous, a heavenly bodyguard sent by God to protect Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego during their intense time of need.
ellauri108.html on line 452: Contrary to scholarly understandings of how the Bible was compiled, Rastas commonly believe it was originally written on stone in the Ethiopian language of Amharic. They also regard it as cryptographic, meaning that it has many hidden meanings.
ellauri108.html on line 489: Rastas do not believe that there is a specific afterlife to which individuals go following bodily death. They believe in the possibility of eternal life, and that only those who shun righteousness will actually die. The scholar of religion Leonard E. Barrett observed some Jamaican Rastas who believed that those practitioners who did die had not been faithful to Jah. He suggested that this attitude stemmed from the large numbers of young people that were then members of the movement, and who had thus seen only few Rastas die. Another Rasta view is that those who are righteous will undergo reincarnation, with an individual's identity remaining throughout each of their incarnations. In keeping with their views on death, Rastas eschew celebrating physical death and often avoid funerals, also repudiating the practice of ancestor veneration that is common among traditional African religions.
ellauri108.html on line 491: The scholar Maureen Warner-Lewis observed that Rastafari combined a "radical, even revolutionary" stance on socio-political issues, particularly regarding race, with a "profoundly traditional" approach to "philosophical conservatism" on other religious issues. Rastas typically look critically upon modern capitalism with its consumerism and materialism. They favour small-scale, pre-industrial and agricultural societies. Not just sinners but bad businessmen.
ellauri109.html on line 611: The reaction to “Portnoy’s Complaint,” a decade later, was of another order. “This is the book for which all anti-Semites have been praying,” Gershom Scholem, the eminent scholar of Jewish history and mysticism, wrote. “I daresay that with the next turn of history, which will not be long delayed, this book will make all of us defendants at court.”
ellauri110.html on line 1077: I hope that a revised version of these conversations will eventually appear in book form. This published version will include extensive accompanying notes, indicating the sources of the views ascribed to Dostoevsky and, where relevant, references to secondary literature. This will especially be in cases where, for example, the views spoken by Dostoevsky may involve controversial points of interpretation or where his own documented views may require comment for twenty-first century readers. However, this is primarily a work of fiction and although it is supported by scholarship and, I hope, raises questions that are of interest to scholars, it is to be read in the way we might read any work of fiction, where whatever instruction the work may offer is accompanied by a element of entertainment.
ellauri117.html on line 629: Locke kuoli vuonna 1704 pitkällisen sairauden jälkeen. Hänet on haudattu High Laverin kylän kirkkomaalle, Harlowin itäpuolelle, Essexiin. Some scholars have seen Locke's political convictions as being based from his religious beliefs. Locke's religious trajectory began in Calvinist trinitarianism, but by the time of the Reflections (1695) Locke was advocating not just Socinian views on tolerance but also Socinian Christology. Täähän Sozzini oli Rusakonkin guru.
ellauri117.html on line 661: There are always things that might suggest Mr. Locke was gay, such as his being a lifetime bachelor, having no children, and having a life that was surrounded by philosophical men, there is nothing that would give substance to said rumor. You might want to read Locke’s Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas (1669) which was co-authored by The First Earl of Shaftesbury. It is rather draconian and clearly deviates from the principles of Locke’s more famous two Treatises. It is a matter of scholarly debate just how much Locke contributed to the positions on slavery in this document. Locke was also a good counter-voice to Rousseau in terms of perhaps a more individualistic bent, whereas Rousseau’s philosophy was more collectivist. I think if you look to the Preamble to the US Constitution you can see the influence of both, although the Bill of Rights has a much more individualist orientation.
ellauri141.html on line 209: The obscene qualities of some of the Epodes have repulsed even scholars. Suetonius recorded some gossip about Horace's sexual activities late in life, involving mirrors. William Thackeray produced a version of Odes 1.38 in which Horace's questionable 'boy' became 'Lucy', and Gerard Manley Hopkins translated the boy "innocently" as 'child'. Horace was translated by Sir Theodore Martin (biographer of Prince Albert) but minus some ungentlemanly verses, such as the erotic Odes 1.25 and Epodes 8 and 12. Translators historically excluded the problem poems 8 and 12, but also the far less obscene but explicitly gay 11. Philip Francis (1746) and Bulwer Lytton (1870) omit the problem poems from their translations. Niin teki myös Eero Kivikari. Suuhun myös peräpäähän teitä pukkaan. Irrumabo ego vos et pedicabo. Quos ego!
ellauri141.html on line 569: The ‘editor’ of the Latin text was the clever versifier A. D. Godley of Oxford. (267) He contributed graceful acknowledgements (268) and a hilarious preface about the (fictitious) manuscripts, which parodies the standard praefatio of an Oxford Classical Text (brown-covered in those days like the spoof). (269) There is a learned apparatus criticus about disputed or variant ms. readings. He did the Latin poems, together with his Oxford colleagues and friends John Powell (270) and Ronald Knox (271) and the Etonian and former Cambridge undergraduate A. B. Ramsay. (272) There is an appendix of alternative Latin versions which the translators obviously could not bear to waste. Kipling contributed a schoolboyish prose version of ‘The Pro-consuls’: ‘the sixth ode, as it seems, rendered into English prose by a scholiast of uncertain period’, which starts:
ellauri143.html on line 62: Though the scholars (Urai aasiriyargal, in Tamil) titled Thirukkural’s first chapter as ‘The Praise to God’ (Kadavul Vaazhthu), Thiruvalluvar has nowhere in his work mentioned the words ‘god’ or ‘religion’.
ellauri143.html on line 84: The Kura has been widely admired by scholars and influential leaders across the ethical, social, political, economical, religious, philosophical, and spiritual spheres over its history. These include Ilango Adigal (never heard), Kambar (n.h.), Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Schweitzer (heard ok), plus Constantius Joseph Beschi, Karl Graul, George Uglow Pope, Alexander Piatigorsky, and Yu Hsi (all n.h.). The work remains to be translated. Oops correct that, the text has been translated into at least 40 Indian languages including English, making it one of the most translated ancient works. Ever since it came to print for the first time in 1812, the Kura text has never been out of print. Whole trainloads lie "left on read" in Sri Lanka.
ellauri143.html on line 681: Such is the learned scholar´s wonderous art.
ellauri145.html on line 117: Thomas De Quincey: On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts Thomas Penson De Quincey (/də ˈkwɪnsi/;[1] 15 August 1785 – 8 December 1859) was an English writer, essayist, and literary critic, best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1821) Many scholars suggest that in publishing this work De Quincey inaugurated the tradition of addiction literature in the West. Mulla on toi kirja, mä luinkin sen, mutta se oli kyllä aika pitkästyttävä. Tämänkertainen ozikko tuo mieleen sen usein mietityttäneen havainnon että mixhän vitussa 50% tv-sarjoista on murhajuttuja. Eikai siinä muuta ole kun että KILL! on 1/3 apinan mieliharrastuxista. Dekkarit ja horrorit on musta lattapäisyyden selvimpiä ilmentymiä.
ellauri145.html on line 528: Heidegger purposefully misrepresented the teachings of Nietzsche in order to distance himself from his own past, and this analysis has stood for some time as the authoritative reading of Nietzsche. This reading is slowly being undone by Nietzsche scholars, but slowly because many scholars refuse to amend the inauthentic reading they have inherited.
ellauri146.html on line 406: The second reason we tend not to see Eloa in this light is the emphasis scholars have placed on the Romantic rehabilitation of Satan. We have not had adequate corresponding emphasis on the concomitant rehabilitation of women. Kyllä kai. Eloa löytyy albumista 405.
ellauri146.html on line 650: Poe’s ancestry on his father’s side was Scotch-Irish and has been traced through County Cavon to Ayrshire, Scotland. The fact that Poe’s Presbyterian Scottish ancestors dwelled for a time in the north of Ireland has caused even so good a scholar as Arthur Hobson Quinn to engage in surprising speculation about an “Irish strain” in Poe and about a “Celtic” trait of perverseness which he had “discovered” in the Poe family.
ellauri147.html on line 531: Nebukadnesarin etymologia: From the Babylonian phrase Nabu-kudurri-usur. The first part is the same as Nebo, the Babylonian god of wisdom and writing. Nebuchadnezzar II´s name in Akkadian was Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, meaning "Nabu, watch over my heir". The name was often interpreted in earlier scholarship as "Nabu, protect the boundary", given that the word kudurru can also mean ´boundary' or 'line'.
ellauri152.html on line 73: The poems are in the manner of Sappho; the collection's introduction claims they were found on the walls of a tomb in Cyprus, written by a woman of Ancient Greece called Bilitis (Greek: Βιλιτις), a courtesan and contemporary of Sappho to whose life Louÿs dedicated a small section of the book. On publication, the volume deceived even expert scholars.
ellauri152.html on line 83: While the work was eventually shown to be a pseudotranslation by Louÿs , initially it has mislead a number of scholars, such as Jean Bertheroy
ellauri152.html on line 749: When Zeiltin turned 15, his father died and he decided to become a Hebrew teacher. His exit from the world of the Yeshiva exposed him to the works of the scholars of the Enlightenment. He began studying in earnest the works of both Jewish philosophers (Maimonides, Gersonides, Spinoza etc.) and non-Jewish ones such as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and others. During this period in his life, he began questioning his religious beliefs and eventually drifted toward secularism.
ellauri153.html on line 241: Saadi was a Sunni Muslim. Arvasin. Ne on mumslimeista pölkkypäisimpiä. Saadi Shirazi whose family were from religious scholars, missed his father when he was a child. Then he was under the guardianship of his maternal grandmother. Siis mammanpoikia.
ellauri153.html on line 242: After leaving Shiraz he enrolled at the Nizamiyya University in Baghdad, where he studied Islamic sciences, law, governance, history, Persian literature, and Islamic theology; it appears that he had a scholarship to study there.
ellauri155.html on line 888: Santayana never married. His romantic life, if any, is not well understood. Some evidence, including a comment Santayana made late in life comparing himself to A. E. Housman, and his friendships with people who were openly homosexual and bisexual, has led scholars to speculate that Santayana was perhaps homosexual or bisexual, but it remains unclear whether he had any actual heterosexual or homosexual relationships.
ellauri158.html on line 84: P.1. defin. 4. Per attributum intelligo id quod intellectus de substantia percipit, tanquam eiusdem essentiam constituens. [in: P. 1. prop. 4., prop. 9., prop. 10., prop. 12., prop. 19., prop. 20., P. 2. prop. 1. schol., etiam in: Ep. 27. §. 8.]
ellauri158.html on line 95: P.1. defin. 6. Per Deum intelligo ens absolute infinitum, hoc est, substantiam constantem infinitis attributis, quorum unumquodque aeternam et infinitam essentiam exprimit. [in: P. 1. prop. 10. schol., prop. 11., prop. 14., prop. 14. coroll. 1., prop. 16., prop. 19., prop. 23., prop. 31., P. 2. prop. 1., prop. 1. schol., prop. 45., P. 4. prop. 28., P. 5. prop. 35., etiam in: Ep. 3. §. 1., Ep. 4. §. 2., Ep. 26. §. 8., Ep. 64. §. 3.]
ellauri158.html on line 99: P.1. defin. 7. Ea res libera dicetur, quae ex sola suae naturae necessitate existit et a se sola ad agendum determinatur; necessaria autem, vel potius coacta, quae ab alio determinatur ad existendum et operandum certa ac determinata ratione. [in: P. 1. prop. 17. coroll. 2., prop. 32., prop. 33. schol. 2., P. 2. prop. 17. schol., P. 3. prop. 49.]
ellauri158.html on line 166: P. 1. prop. 5. In rerum natura non possunt dari duae aut plures substantiae eiusdem naturae sive attributi. [in: P. 1. prop. 6., prop. 8., prop. 12., prop. 13., prop. 14., prop. 15. schol., P. 2. prop. 10. schol., lem. 1., etiam in: Ep. 3. §. 7.]
ellauri158.html on line 170: P. 1. prop. 6. Una substantia non potest produci ab alia substantia. [in: P. 1. prop. 6. coroll., prop. 11. schol., prop. 12., etiam in: Ep. 3. §. 7., Ep. 4. §. 8.]
ellauri158.html on line 171: -- P. 1. prop. 6. coroll. Hinc sequitur substantiam ab alio produci non posse. [in: P. 1. prop. 7., prop. 15. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 174: P. 1. prop. 7. Ad naturam substantiae pertinet existere. [in: P. 1. prop. 8., prop. 8. schol. 1., prop. 8. schol. 2., prop. 11., prop. 12., prop. 19., P. 2. prop. 10., etiam in: Ep. 4. §. 3.]
ellauri158.html on line 178: P. 1. prop. 8. Omnis substantia est necessario infinita. [in: P. 1. prop. 12., prop. 13. schol., prop. 15. schol., P. 2. lem. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 179: -- P. 1. prop. 8. schol. 1.
ellauri158.html on line 180: -- P. 1. prop. 8. schol. 2. Substantiae et earum modificationes. [in: P. 1. prop. 15. schol., etiam in: Ep. 4. §. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 189: -- P. 1. prop. 10. schol. Substantiarum et attributorum distinctio. [in: P. 1. prop. 14. coroll. 1., etiam in: Ep. 26. §. 7., Ep. 27. §. 6., Ep. 65. §. 3., Ep. 66. §. 7.]
ellauri158.html on line 193: P. 1. prop. 11. Deus sive substantia constans infinitis attributis, quorum unumquodque aeternam et infinitam essentiam exprimit, necessario existit. [in: P. 1. prop. 13., prop. 14., prop. 17. coroll. 2., prop. 19., prop. 19. schol., prop. 21., prop. 29., prop. 33., prop. 34., P. 5. prop. 35.]
ellauri158.html on line 194: -- P. 1. prop. 11. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 198: P. 1. prop. 12. Nullum substantiae attributum potest vere concipi, ex quo sequatur, substantiam posse dividi. [in: P. 1. prop. 13., prop. 15. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 204: -- P. 1. prop. 13. coroll. Ex his sequitur, nullam substantiam, et consequenter nullam substantiam corpoream, quatenus substantia est, esse divisibilem. [in: P. 1. prop. 15. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 205: -- P. 1. prop. 13. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 209: P. 1. prop. 14. Praeter Deum nulla dari neque concipi potest substantia. [in: P. 1. prop. 15., prop. 15. schol., prop. 18.]
ellauri158.html on line 210: -- P. 1. prop. 14. coroll. 1. Hinc clarissime sequitur 1. Deum esse unicum, ... [in: P. 1. prop. 17. coroll. 2., prop. 24. coroll., prop. 29. schol., prop. 30., prop. 33., P. 2. prop. 4.]
ellauri158.html on line 215: P. 1. prop. 15. Quicquid est in Deo est, et nihil sine Deo esse neque concipi potest. [in: P. 1. prop. 17., prop. 18., prop. 23., prop. 25., prop. 25. coroll., prop. 28. schol., prop. 29., prop. 30., prop. 31., P. 2. prop. 3., prop. 10. coroll., prop. 33., prop. 36., prop. 45., P. 4. prop. 28., prop. 37., P. 5. prop. 14., prop. 36. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 216: -- P. 1. prop. 15. schol. Vulgi errores de Deo. [in: P. 2. lem. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 220: P. 1. prop. 16. Ex necessitate divinae naturae infinita infinitis modis (hoc est, omnia, quae sub intellectum infinitum cadere possunt) sequi debent. [in: P. 1. prop. 17., prop. 17. schol., prop. 25. schol., prop. 26., prop. 29., prop. 33., prop. 34., prop. 36., app., P. 2. praef., prop. 3., prop. 3. schol., prop. 44. coroll. 2., prop. 45. schol., P. 4. praef., prop. 4., P. 5. prop. 22.]
ellauri158.html on line 221: -- P. 1. prop. 16. coroll. 1. Hinc sequitur, Deum omnium rerum, quae sub intellectum infinitum cadere possunt, esse causam efficientem. [in: P. 1. prop. 17. schol., prop. 18., prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 227: P. 1. prop. 17. Deus ex solis suae naturae legibus et a nemine coactus agit. [in: P. 1. prop. 17. coroll. 2., prop. 17. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 229: -- P. 1. prop. 17. coroll. 2. Sequitur 2. solum Deum esse causam liberam. [in: P. 1. prop. 29. schol., P. 2. prop. 48.]
ellauri158.html on line 230: -- P. 1. prop. 17. schol. Dei existentia, sicut eius essentia, aeterna est veritas. [in: P. 1. prop. 33. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 239: -- P. 1. prop. 19. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 252: P. 1. prop. 21. Omnia, quae ex absoluta natura alicuius attributi Dei sequuntur, semper et infinita existere debuerunt, sive per idem attributum aeterna et infinita sunt. [in: P. 1. prop. 22., prop. 23., prop. 28., prop. 29., app., P. 2. prop. 11., prop. 30., P. 4. prop. 4., P. 5. prop. 40. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 265: -- P. 1. prop. 24. coroll. Hinc sequitur, Deum non tantum esse causam, ut res incipiant existere; sed etiam, ut in existendo perseverent, sive (ut termino scholastico utar) Deum esse causam essendi rerum. [in: P. 1. prop. 28., prop. 28. schol., prop. 29., P. 2. prop. 45. schol., P. 4. prop. 4.]
ellauri158.html on line 270: -- P. 1. prop. 25. schol. Deus est causa sui et omnium rerum causa. [in: Ep. 66. §. 6.]
ellauri158.html on line 271: -- P. 1. prop. 25. coroll. Res particulares nihil sunt nisi Dei attributorum affectiones, sive modi, quibus Dei attributa certo et determinato modo exprimuntur. [in: P. 1. prop. 25. schol., prop. 28., prop. 36., P. 2. defin. 1., prop. 1., prop. 5., prop. 10. coroll., P. 3. prop. 6., P. 5. prop. 24., prop. 36., etiam in: Ep. 66. §. 6.]
ellauri158.html on line 284: -- P. 1. prop. 28. schol. De Deo rerum causa.
ellauri158.html on line 289: -- P. 1. prop. 29. schol. Natura naturans et natura naturata. [in: P. 1. prop. 31.]
ellauri158.html on line 298: -- P. 1. prop. 31. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 303: -- P. 1. prop. 32. coroll. 1. Hinc sequitur 1. Deum non operari ex libertate voluntatis. [in: P. 1. app., P. 2. prop. 3. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 304: -- P. 1. prop. 32. coroll. 2. Sequitur 2. voluntatem et intellectum ad Dei naturam ita sese habere, ut motus et quies, et absolute, ut omnia naturalia, quae a Deo ad existendum et operandum certo modo determinari debent ... [in: P. 2. prop. 3. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 309: -- P. 1. prop. 33. schol. 1. Necessarium, impossibile, contingens. [in: P. 2. prop. 31. coroll., P. 4. defin. 4., prop. 11.]
ellauri158.html on line 310: -- P. 1. prop. 33. schol. 2. De voluntate Dei.
ellauri158.html on line 314: P. 1. prop. 34. Dei potentia est ipsa ipsius essentia. [in: P. 1. prop. 35., prop. 36., P. 2. prop. 3. schol., P. 3. prop. 6., P. 4. prop. 4.]
ellauri158.html on line 316: P. 1. prop. 36. Nihil existit, ex cuius natura aliquis effectus non sequatur. [in: P. 2. prop. 13., P. 3. prop. 1., prop. 7., P. 5. prop. 4. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 317: P. 1. app. De praeiudiciis quibusdam. [in: P. 2. prop. 16. coroll. 2., prop. 48. schol., P. 4. praef., prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 338: P. 2. defin. 3. Per ideam intelligo mentis conceptum, quem mens format, propterea quod res est cogitans. [in: P. 2. prop. 48. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 378: P. 2. prop. 1. Cogitatio attributum Dei est, sive Deus est res cogitans. [in: P. 2. prop. 1. schol., prop. 2., prop. 3., prop. 20.]
ellauri158.html on line 379: -- P. 2. prop. 1. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 398: -- P. 2. prop. 3. schol. Errores de Dei potentia.
ellauri158.html on line 410: P. 2. prop. 6. Cuiuscumque attributi modi Deum, quatenus tantum sub illo attributo, cuius modi sunt, et non quatenus sub ullo alio consideratur, pro causa habent. [in: P. 2. prop. 9., lem. 3., prop. 45., P. 3. prop. 2., prop. 11. schol., P. 4. prop. 7., prop. 29., etiam in: Ep. 66. §. 3.]
ellauri158.html on line 423: -- P. 2. prop. 7. schol. Substantia cogitans et substantia extensa una eademque est substantia. [in: P. 2. prop. 8., prop. 12. schol., prop. 21. schol., P. 3. prop. 2. schol., etiam in: Ep. 66. §. 4., Ep. 67. §. 1., Ep. 68. §. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 432: P. 2. prop. 8. Ideae rerum singularium sive modorum non existentium ita debent comprehendi in Dei infinita idea, ac rerum singularium sive modorum essentiae formales in Dei attributis continentur. [in: prop. 45., P. 3. prop. 11. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 433: -- P. 2. prop. 8. coroll. Hinc sequitur, quod, quamdiu res singulares non existunt, nisi quatenus in Dei attributis comprehenduntur, earum esse obiectivum sive ideae non existunt, nisi quatenus infinita Dei idea existit; et ubi res singulares dicuntur existere, non tantum quatenus in Dei attributis comprehenduntur, sed quatenus etiam durare dicuntur, earum ideae etiam existentiam, per quam durare dicuntur, involvent. [in: P. 2. prop. 9., prop. 11., prop. 15., prop. 45., P. 3. prop. 11. schol., P. 5. prop. 21., prop. 23.]
ellauri158.html on line 434: -- P. 2. prop. 8. schol. Exemplum. [in: P. 2. prop. 9., P. 3. prop. 11. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 444: -- P. 2. prop. 10. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 446: -- P. 2. prop. 10. coroll. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 451: -- P. 2. prop. 11. coroll. Hinc sequitur mentem humanam partem esse infiniti intellectus Dei. ... [in: P. 2. prop. 12., prop. 13., prop. 19., prop. 22., prop. 23., prop. 24., prop. 30., prop. 34., prop. 38., prop. 39., prop. 40., prop. 43., prop. 43. schol., P. 3. prop. 1., prop. 28., P. 5. prop. 36.]
ellauri158.html on line 452: -- P. 2. prop. 11. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 456: P. 2. prop. 12. Quicquid in obiecto ideae humanam mentem constituentis contingit, id ab humana mente debet percipi, sive eius rei dabitur in mente necessario idea: hoc est, si obiectum ideae humanam mentem constituentis sit corpus, nihil in eo corpore poterit contingere, quod a mente non percipiatur. [in: P. 2. prop. 13., prop. 14., prop. 17., prop. 17. coroll., prop. 19., prop. 21., prop. 22., prop. 38., P. 3. prop. 2. schol., P. 4. prop. 7., P. 5. prop. 4.]
ellauri158.html on line 457: -- P. 2. prop. 12. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 461: P. 2. prop. 13. Obiectum ideae humanam mentem constituentis est corpus, sive certus extensionis modus actu existens, et nihil aliud. [in: P. 2. prop. 15., prop. 19., prop. 21., prop. 21. schol., prop. 23., prop. 24., prop. 26., prop. 29., prop. 38., prop. 39., P. 3. prop. 3., prop. 10., gener. aff. defin., P. 5. prop. 23., prop. 29., etiam in: Ep. 66. §. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 465: -- P. 2. prop. 13. coroll. Hinc sequitur hominem mente et corpore constare, et corpus humanum, prout ipsum sentimus, existere. [in: P. 2. prop. 17. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 466: -- P. 2. prop. 13. schol. Praemittenda de natura corporum.
ellauri158.html on line 497: ------- axiom. 1. Omnes modi, quibus corpus aliquod ab alio afficitur corpore, ex natura corporis affecti et simul ex natura corporis afficientis sequuntur; ita ut unum idemque corpus diversimode moveatur pro diversitate naturae corporum moventium, et contra ut diversa corpora ab uno eodemque corpore diversimode moveantur. [in: P. 2. prop. 16., prop. 24., P. 3. postul. 1., prop. 17. schol., prop. 51., prop. 57.]
ellauri158.html on line 525: ---- lem. 7. Retinet praeterea individuum sic compositum suam naturam, sive id secundum totum moveatur, sive quiescat, sive versus hanc, sive versus illam partem moveatur, dummodo unaquaeque pars motum suum retineat, eumque, uti antea, reliquis communicet. [in: P. 2. lem. 7. schol., P. 3. postul. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 526: ------ schol. [in: Ep. 66. §. 8.]
ellauri158.html on line 530: -- postul. 1. Corpus humanum componitur ex plurimis (diversae naturae) individuis, quorum unumquodque valde compositum est. [in: P. 2. prop. 15., prop. 24., P. 3. prop. 17. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 543: schol., prop. 39.]
ellauri158.html on line 563: P. 2. prop. 16. Idea cuiuscumque modi, quo corpus humanum a corporibus externis afficitur, involvere debet naturam corporis humani et simul naturam corporis externi. [in: P. 2. prop. 17., prop. 18. schol., prop. 19., prop. 23., prop. 25., prop. 26., prop. 27., prop. 28., prop. 38., prop. 39., P. 3. prop. 27., P. 4. prop. 5.]
ellauri158.html on line 571: -- P. 2. prop. 16. coroll. 2. Sequitur secundo, quod ideae, quas corporum externorum habemus, magis nostri corporis constitutionem, quam corporum externorum naturam indicant. [in: P. 2. prop. 17. schol., P. 3. prop. 14., prop. 18., gener. aff. defin., P. 4. prop. 1. schol., P. 4. prop. 9., P. 5. prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 575: P. 2. prop. 17. Si humanum corpus affectum est modo, qui naturam corporis alicuius externi involvit, mens humana idem corpus externum ut actu existens, vel ut sibi praesens contemplabitur, donec corpus afficiatur affectu, qui eiusdem corporis existentiam vel praesentiam secludat. [in: P. 2. prop. 17. coroll., P. 2. prop. 19., prop. 44. schol., prop. 47., P. 3. prop. 11. schol., prop. 12., prop. 13., prop. 18., prop. 18. schol. 1., prop. 19., prop. 25., prop. 28., prop. 56., P. 4. prop. 1. schol., prop. 9., P. 5. prop. 7.]
ellauri158.html on line 579: -- P. 2. prop. 17. coroll. Mens corpora externa, a quibus corpus humanum semel affectum fuit, quamvis non existant nec praesentia sint, contemplari tamen poterit, velut praesentia essent. [in: P. 2. prop. 17. schol., prop. 18., prop. 40. schol. 1., prop. 44. schol., P. 3. prop. 18., prop. 25., prop. 30. schol., prop. 47. schol., P. 4. prop. 13.]
ellauri158.html on line 583: -- P. 2. prop. 17. schol. Mentis imaginationes. [in: P. 2. prop. 26. coroll., prop. 35. schol., prop. 40. schol. 1., prop. 49. schol., P. 3. postul. 2., prop. 11. schol., prop. 12., prop. 27., prop. 51. schol., prop. 56., P. 4. prop. 9., P. 5. prop. 21., prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 587: P. 2. prop. 18. Si corpus humanum a duobus, vel pluribus corporibus simul affectum fuerit semel, ubi mens postea eorum aliquod imaginabitur, statim et aliorum recordabitur. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 1., prop. 44. schol., P. 3. prop. 11. schol., prop. 14., prop. 52., P. 4. prop. 13., P. 5. prop. 1., prop. 10. schol., prop. 12., prop. 13.]
ellauri158.html on line 591: -- P. 2. prop. 18. schol. Quid sit memoria. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2., P. 3. prop. 11. schol., prop. 52., aff. defin. 4., P. 4. prop. 13., P. 5. prop. 21.]
ellauri158.html on line 595: P. 2. prop. 19. Mens humana ipsum humanum corpus non cognoscit, nec ipsum existere scit, nisi per ideas affectionum, quibus corpus afficitur. [in: P. 2. prop. 23., prop. 29. coroll., prop. 43. schol., prop. 47., P. 3. prop. 30., prop. 53.]
ellauri158.html on line 607: -- P. 2. prop. 21. schol. Ostenditur mentem et corpus unum et idem esse individuum. [in: P. 2. prop. 43. schol., P. 4. prop. 8., P. 5. prop. 3.]
ellauri158.html on line 643: -- P. 2. prop. 28. schol. Idea, quae naturam mentis humanae constituit, demonstratur non esse in se sola considerata clara et distincta. [in: P. 2. prop. 29. coroll.]
ellauri158.html on line 651: -- P. 2. prop. 29. coroll. Hinc sequitur, mentem humanam, quoties ex communi naturae ordine res percipit, nec sui ipsius, nec sui corporis, nec corporum externorum adaequatam, sed confusam tantum et mutilatam habere cognitionem. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2., P. 3. prop. 3.]
ellauri158.html on line 652: -- P. 2. prop. 29. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 660: P. 2. prop. 31. Nos de duratione rerum singularium, quae extra nos sunt, nullam nisi admodum inadaequatam cognitionem habere possumus. [in: P. 2. prop. 31. coroll., P. 4. prop. 62. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 680: P. 2. prop. 35. Falsitas consistit in cognitionis privatione, quam ideae inadaequatae sive mutilatae et confusae involvunt. [in: P. 2. prop. 41., prop. 43. schol., prop. 49. schol., P. 4. prop. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 684: -- P. 2. prop. 35. schol. Exemplum. [in: P. 2. prop. 49. schol., P. 3. aff. defin. 27., P. 4. prop. 1. schol., P. 5. prop. 5.]
ellauri158.html on line 709: -- P. 2. prop. 38. coroll. Hinc sequitur, dari quasdam ideas sive notiones omnibus hominibus communes. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2., P. 3. prop. 3.]
ellauri158.html on line 710: P. 2. prop. 39. Id quod corpori humano et quibusdam corporibus externis, a quibus corpus humanum affici solet, commune est, et proprium, quodque in cuiuscumque horum parte aeque ac in toto est, eius etiam idea erit in mente adaequata. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 711: -- P. 2. prop. 39. coroll. Hinc sequitur, quod mens eo aptior est ad plura adaequate percipiendum, quo eius corpus plura habet cum aliis corporibus communia. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 714: P. 2. prop. 40. Quaecumque ideae in mente sequuntur ex ideis, quae in ipsa sunt adaequatae, sunt etiam adaequatae. [in: P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2., P. 4. prop. 26., prop. 52., P. 5. prop. 4. schol., prop. 31.]
ellauri158.html on line 715: -- P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 1. Notiones communes, secundae, transcendentales, universales. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. schol., prop. 56., P. 4. prop. 27.]
ellauri158.html on line 716: -- P. 2. prop. 40. schol. 2. Tria cognitionis genera. [in: P. 2. prop. 41., prop. 42., prop. 47. schol., P. 3. prop. 1., prop. 58., P. 4. prop. 26., prop. 27., P. 5. prop. 7., prop. 10., prop. 12., prop. 25., prop. 28., prop. 31., prop. 36. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 725: P. 2. prop. 43. Qui veram habet ideam, simul scit se veram habere ideam, nec de rei veritate potest dubitare. [in: P. 2. prop. 43. schol., prop. 49. schol., P. 3. prop. 58., P. 4. prop. 27., prop. 52., prop. 56., prop. 62., P. 5. prop. 27.]
ellauri158.html on line 726: -- P. 2. prop. 43. schol. Veritas norma sui et falsi. [in: P. 2. prop. 49. schol., P. 4. prop. 27., prop. 62.]
ellauri158.html on line 731: -- P. 2. prop. 44. schol. Animi fluctuationes. [in: P. 2. prop. 49. schol., P. 3. prop. 17. schol., prop. 18., prop. 18. schol. 1., P. 4. prop. 62. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 733: P. 2. prop. 45. Unaquaeque cuiuscumque corporis, vel rei singularis actu existentis idea Dei aeternam et infinitam essentiam necessario involvit. [in: P. 2. prop. 46., prop. 47., P. 5. prop. 20. schol., prop. 29. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 736: -- P. 2. prop. 45. schol. Per existentiam non intelligatur duratio. [in: P. 5. prop. 29. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 742: P. 2. prop. 47. Mens humana adaequatam habet cognitionem aeternae et infinitae essentiae Dei. [in: P. 4. prop. 36., prop. 36. schol., prop. 37., P. 5. prop. 18.]
ellauri158.html on line 743: -- P. 2. prop. 47. schol. Hominum errores de Deo. [in: P. 2. prop. 49. schol., P. 4. prop. 36., P. 5. prop. 10., prop. 20. schol., prop. 36. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 747: -- P. 2. prop. 48. schol. Entia metaphysica sive universalia. [in: P. 2. prop. 49. coroll.]
ellauri158.html on line 750: P. 2. prop. 49. In mente nulla datur volitio sive affirmatio et negatio praeter illam, quam idea, quatenus idea est, involvit. [in: P. 2. prop. 48. schol., prop. 49. coroll., prop. 49. schol., P. 3. prop. 2. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 752: -- P. 2. prop. 49. schol. De adversariorum obiectionibus. Quid haec doctrina a usum vitae conferat. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 14., aff. defin. 15., etiam in: TP cap. 2. art. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 758: P. 3. praef. [in: P. 4. prop. 57. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 767: P. 3. prop. 1. Mens nostra quaedam agit, quaedam vero patitur; nempe quatenus adaequatas habet ideas, eatenus quaedam necessario agit, et quatenus ideas habet inadaequatas, eatenus necessario quaedam patitur. [in: P. 3. prop. 3., prop. 56., prop. 58., prop. 59., P. 4. prop. 23., prop. 28., P. 5. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 770: -- P. 3. prop. 2. schol. Mens et corpus una eademque sunt. De decreto et determinatione.
ellauri158.html on line 771: P. 3. prop. 3. Mentis actiones ex solis ideis adaequatis oriuntur; passiones autem a solis inadaequatis pendent. [in: P. 3. prop. 9., prop. 56., gener. aff. defin., P. 4. prop. 15., prop. 24., prop. 28., prop. 35., prop. 35. coroll. 2., prop. 51., prop. 52., prop. 59., prop. 61., prop. 63., prop. 64., P. 5. prop. 3., prop. 4. schol., prop. 18., prop. 20. schol., prop. 36., prop. 40., prop. 40. coroll., prop. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 772: -- P. 3. prop. 3. schol. Passiones ad mentem non referuntur. [in: P. 4. prop. 32., prop. 59., P. 5. prop. 40.]
ellauri158.html on line 773: P. 3. prop. 4. Nulla res nisi a causa externa potest destrui. [in: P. 3. prop. 5., prop. 6., prop. 8., prop. 11. schol., P. 4. prop. 1., prop. 4., prop. 18. schol., prop. 20., prop. 30.]
ellauri158.html on line 775: P. 3. prop. 6. Unaquaeque res, quantum in se est, in suo esse perseverare conatur. [in: P. 3. prop. 7., prop. 12., prop. 44. schol., P. 4. prop. 4., prop. 20., prop. 25., prop. 26., prop. 31., prop. 60., prop. 64.]
ellauri158.html on line 776: P. 3. prop. 7. Conatus, quo unaquaeque res in suo esse perseverare conatur, nihil est praeter ipsius rei actualem essentiam. [in: P. 3. prop. 9., prop. 10., prop. 37., prop. 54., P. 4. defin. 8., prop. 4., prop. 5., prop. 8., prop. 15., prop. 18., prop. 18. schol., prop. 20., prop. 21., prop. 22., prop. 25., prop. 26., prop. 32., prop. 33., prop. 53., prop. 60., prop. 64., P. 5. axiom. 2., prop. 8., prop. 9., prop. 25., etiam in: Ep. 66. §. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 779: -- P. 3. prop. 9. schol. Voluntas, appetitus, cupiditas. [in: P. 3. prop. 11. schol., prop. 27. coroll. 3., prop. 28., prop. 37., prop. 39. schol., prop. 55. coroll. 2., prop. 56., prop. 57., prop. 58., aff. defin. 1., P. 4. prop. 19., prop. 26.]
ellauri158.html on line 780: P. 3. prop. 10. Idea, quae corporis nostri existentiam secludit, in nostra mente dari nequit, sed eidem est contraria. [in: P. 3. prop. 11. schol., P. 4. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 782: -- P. 3. prop. 11. schol. Tres affectus primitivi: cupiditas, laetitia, tristitia. [in: P. 3. prop. 15., prop. 15. coroll., prop. 19., prop. 20., prop. 21., prop. 23., prop. 34., prop. 35., prop. 37., prop. 38., prop. 53., prop. 55., prop. 55. coroll. 2., prop. 56., prop. 57., prop. 59., aff. defin. 2., aff. defin. 3., aff. defin. 4., P. 4. prop. 8., prop. 18., prop. 29., prop. 30., prop. 41., prop. 42., prop. 43., prop. 44., prop. 51.]
ellauri158.html on line 783: P. 3. prop. 12. Mens quantum potest, ea imaginari conatur, quae corporis agendi potentiam augent vel iuvant. [in: P. 3. prop. 13., prop. 15. coroll., prop. 19., prop. 25., prop. 28., prop. 33., prop. 42., prop. 52. schol., P. 4. prop. 60.]
ellauri158.html on line 786: -- P. 3. prop. 13. schol. Amor, odium. [in: P. 3. prop. 15. coroll., prop. 17., prop. 19., prop. 20., prop. 22., prop. 28., prop. 29., prop. 30. schol., prop. 33., prop. 34., prop. 35., prop. 38., prop. 39., prop. 40., prop. 44., prop. 45., prop. 48., prop. 49., prop. 55. coroll. 2., aff. defin. 6., aff. defin. 7., P. 4. prop. 57.]
ellauri158.html on line 788: P. 3. prop. 15. Res quaecumque potest esse per accidens causa laetitiae, tristitiae vel cupiditatis. [in: P. 3. prop. 16., prop. 36., prop. 50., prop. 52. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 789: -- P. 3. prop. 15. coroll. Ex eo solo, quod rem aliquam affectu laetitiae vel tristitiae, cuius ipsa non est causa efficiens, contemplati sumus, eandem amare vel odio habere possumus. [in: P. 3. prop. 16., prop. 35., prop. 35. schol., prop. 41., prop. 50. schol., prop. 52. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 790: -- P. 3. prop. 15. schol. Sympathia, antipathia. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 8., aff. defin. 9.]
ellauri158.html on line 791: P. 3. prop. 16. Ex eo solo, quod rem aliquam aliquid habere imaginamur simile obiecto, quod mentem laetitia vel tristitia afficere solet, quamvis id, in quo res obiecto est similis, non sit horum affectuum efficiens causa, eam tamen amabimus vel odio habebimus. [in: P. 3. prop. 15. schol., prop. 17., prop. 41., prop. 46., P. 4. prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 792: P. 3. prop. 17. Si rem, quae nos tristitiae affectu afficere solet, aliquid habere imaginamur simile alteri, quae nos aeque magno laetitiae affectu solet afficere, eandem odio habebimus et simul amabimus. [in: prop. 17. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 793: -- P. 3. prop. 17. schol. Animi fluctuatio. [in: P. 3. prop. 31.]
ellauri158.html on line 794: P. 3. prop. 18. Homo ex imagine rei praeteritae aut futurae eodem laetitiae et tristitiae affectu afficitur, ac ex imagine rei praesentis. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 14., aff. defin. 15., P. 4. prop. 9. schol., prop. 12.]
ellauri158.html on line 795: -- P. 3. prop. 18. schol. 1. Res praeterita, futura. [in: P. 4. defin. 6.]
ellauri158.html on line 796: -- P. 3. prop. 18. schol. 2. Spes, metus, securitas, desperatio, gaudium, conscientiae morsus. [in: P. 3. prop. 50., prop. 50. schol., aff. defin. 13., aff. defin. 14., aff. defin. 15., P. 4. defin. 6.]
ellauri158.html on line 799: P. 3. prop. 21. Qui id quod amat laetitia vel tristitia affectum imaginatur, laetitia etiam vel tristitia afficietur; et uterque hic affectus maior aut minor erit in amante, prout uterque maior aut minor est in re amata. [in: P. 3. prop. 22., prop. 22. schol., prop. 25., prop. 26., prop. 27. coroll. 1., prop. 38., prop. 45.]
ellauri158.html on line 801: -- P. 3. prop. 22. schol. Commiseratio, favor, indignatio. [in: P. 3. prop. 27. schol., prop. 27. coroll. 3. schol., aff. defin. 18., aff. defin. 19., aff. defin. 20.]
ellauri158.html on line 803: -- P. 3. prop. 23. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 804: P. 3. prop. 24. Si aliquem imaginamur laetitia afficere rem, quam odio habemus, odio etiam erga eum afficiemur. Si contra eundem imaginamur tristitia eandem rem afficere, amore erga ipsum afficiemur. [in: P. 3. prop. 35. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 805: -- P. 3. prop. 24. schol. Invidia. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. coroll. 2., prop. 55. schol., aff. defin. 23.]
ellauri158.html on line 806: P. 3. prop. 25. Id omne de nobis deque re amata affirmare conamur, quod nos vel rem amatam laetitia afficere imaginamur; et contra id omne negare, quod nos vel rem amatam tristitia afficere imaginamur. [in: P. 3. prop. 26., prop. 30. schol., prop. 40. schol., prop. 41. schol., prop. 50. schol., P. 4. prop. 49.]
ellauri158.html on line 809: -- P. 3. prop. 26. schol. Superbia, existimatio, despectus. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 21., aff. defin. 22., aff. defin. 28.]
ellauri158.html on line 810: P. 3. prop. 27. Ex eo, quod rem nobis similem et quam nullo affectu prosecuti sumus, aliquo affectu affici imaginamur, eo ipso simili affectu afficimur. [in: P. 3. prop. 22. schol., prop. 23. schol., prop. 27. coroll. 1., prop. 27. coroll. 3., prop. 29., prop. 30., prop. 31., prop. 32., prop. 40., prop. 47., prop. 49. schol., prop. 52. schol., prop. 53. coroll., aff. defin. 33., aff. defin. 44., P. 4. prop. 50. schol., prop. 68. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 811: -- P. 3. prop. 27. schol. Commiseratio, aemulatio. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 18., aff. defin. 33.]
ellauri158.html on line 815: -- P. 3. prop. 27. coroll. 3. schol. Benevolentia. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 35.]
ellauri158.html on line 816: P. 3. prop. 28. Id omne, quod ad laetitiam conducere imaginamur, conamur promovere, ut fiat; quod vero eidem repugnare sive ad tristitiam conducere imaginamur, amovere vel destruere conamur. [in: P. 3. prop. 29., prop. 31. coroll., prop. 32., prop. 35., prop. 36., prop. 38., prop. 39., prop. 39. schol., prop. 50. schol., prop. 51. schol., prop. 55. schol., P. 4. prop. 19., prop. 37. schol. 2., P. 5. prop. 19.]
ellauri158.html on line 818: -- P. 3. prop. 29. schol. Ambitio, humanitas, laus, vituperium. [in: P. 3. prop. 31. schol., prop. 53. coroll., aff. defin. 44., P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 2., etiam in: TP cap. 2. art. 24.]
ellauri158.html on line 819: P. 3. prop. 30. Si quis aliquid egit, quod reliquos laetitia afficere imaginatur, is laetitia concomitante idea sui, tanquam causa, afficietur, sive se ipsum cum laetitia contemplabitur. Si contra aliquid egit, quod reliquos tristitia afficere imaginatur, se ipsum cum tristitia contra contemplabitur. [in: P. 3. prop. 34., prop. 40. schol., prop. 41. schol., prop. 43.]
ellauri158.html on line 820: -- P. 3. prop. 30. schol. Gloria, pudor, acquiescentia in se ipso, poenitentia. [in: P. 3. prop. 34., prop. 35., prop. 40. schol., prop. 41. schol., prop. 42., aff. defin. 28., aff. defin. 29., aff. defin. 30., aff. defin. 31.]
ellauri158.html on line 821: P. 3. prop. 31. Si aliquem imaginamur amare vel cupere vel odio habere aliquid, quod ipsi amamus, cupimus vel odio habemus, eo ipso rem constantius amabimus etc. Si autem id, quod amamus, eum aversari imaginamur, vel contra, tum animi fluctuationem patiemur. [in: P. 3. prop. 35., aff. defin. 44., P. 4. prop. 34. schol., prop. 37., P. 5. prop. 20.]
ellauri158.html on line 822: -- P. 3. prop. 31. coroll. Sequitur unumquemque quantum potest conari ut unusquisque id quod ipse amat, amet et quod ipse odit, odio etiam habeat. [in: P. 4. prop. 37., P. 5. prop. 4. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 823: -- P. 3. prop. 31. schol. Ambitio. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 19., etiam in: TP cap. 1. art. 5.]
ellauri158.html on line 824: P. 3. prop. 32. Si aliquem re aliqua, qua unus solus potiri potest, gaudere imaginamur, conabimur efficere, ne ille illa re potiatur. [in: P. 3. prop. 32. schol., aff. defin. 33., P. 4. prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 825: -- P. 3. prop. 32. schol. Homines natura invidi, ambitiosi, misericordes. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. schol., aff. defin. 23., aff. defin. 33., P. 4. prop. 34., etiam in: TP cap. 1. art. 5.]
ellauri158.html on line 827: P. 3. prop. 34. Quo maiore affectu rem amatam erga nos affectam esse imaginamur, eo magis gloriabimur. [in: P. 3. prop. 35., prop. 42., prop. 49. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 829: -- P. 3. prop. 35. schol. Zelotypia., [in: P. 5. prop. 20.]
ellauri158.html on line 832: -- P. 3. prop. 36. schol. Desiderium.
ellauri158.html on line 835: P. 3. prop. 39. Qui aliquem odio habet, ei malum inferre conabitur, nisi ex eo maius sibi malum oriri timeat; et contra, qui aliquem amat, ei eadem lege benefacere conabitur. [in: P. 3. prop. 40. coroll. 2., prop. 40. schol., prop. 41. schol., aff. defin. 34., aff. defin. 36., P. 4. prop. 34., prop. 37. schol. 2., prop. 45., prop. 45. coroll. 1., prop. 45. coroll. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 836: -- P. 3. prop. 39. schol. Bonum, malum. Timor, metus, verecundia, consternatio. [in: P. 3. prop. 51. schol., aff. defin. 39., aff. defin. 42., P. 4. prop. 70.]
ellauri158.html on line 837: P. 3. prop. 40. Qui se odio haberi ab aliquo imaginatur, nec se ullam odii causam illi dedisse credit, eundem odio contra habebit. [in: P. 3. prop. 40. coroll. 1., prop. 40. coroll. 2., prop. 41., prop. 43., prop. 45., prop. 49. schol., P. 4. prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 838: -- P. 3. prop. 40. schol. Pudor; odii reciprocatio. [in: P. 3. prop. 41., prop. 41. schol., P. 4. prop. 34.]
ellauri158.html on line 840: -- P. 3. prop. 40. coroll. 2. Si aliquis imaginatur, ab aliquo, quem antea nullo affectu prosecutus est, malum aliquod prae odio sibi illatum esse, statim idem malum eidem referre conabitur. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 37., P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 841: -- P. 3. prop. 40. coroll. 2. schol. Ira, vindicta. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 37.]
ellauri158.html on line 843: -- P. 3. prop. 41. schol. Gratia seu gratitudo. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 34., P. 4. prop. 49., prop. 57. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 845: -- P. 3. prop. 41. coroll. schol. Crudelitas seu saevitia.
ellauri158.html on line 847: P. 3. prop. 43. Odium reciproco odio augetur, et amore contra deleri potest. [in: P. 3. prop. 49. schol., P. 4. prop. 46.]
ellauri158.html on line 849: -- P. 3. prop. 44. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 853: -- P. 3. prop. 47. schol. Demonstratur aliter. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 11., aff. defin. 32.]
ellauri158.html on line 855: P. 3. prop. 49. Amor et odium erga rem, quam liberam esse imaginamur, maior ex pari causa uterque debet esse, quam erga necessariam. [in: P. 3. prop. 51. schol., P. 5. prop. 5.]
ellauri158.html on line 856: -- P. 3. prop. 49. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 858: -- P. 3. prop. 50. schol. Bona et mala omina.
ellauri158.html on line 861: -- P. 3. prop. 51. schol. Audax, intrepidus, pusillanimus. Poenitentia et acquiescentia in se ipso. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 25., aff. defin. 27., aff. defin. 40., aff. defin. 41., aff. defin. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 862: P. 3. prop. 52. Obiectum quod simul cum aliis antea vidimus, vel quod nihil habere imaginamur, nisi quod commune est pluribus, non tamdiu contemplabimur, ac illud, quod aliquid singulare habere imaginamur. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. coroll. 2. schol., aff. defin. 4., aff. defin. 10.]
ellauri158.html on line 863: -- P. 3. prop. 52. schol. Admiratio, consternatio, veneratio, horror, devotio, contemptus, irrisio, dedignatio. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. coroll. 2. schol., aff. defin. 4., aff. defin. 5., aff. defin. 11., aff. defin. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 864: P. 3. prop. 53. Cum mens se ipsam suamque agendi potentiam contemplatur, laetatur; et eo magis, quo se suamque agendi potentiam distinctius imaginatur. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. schol., prop. 58., aff. defin. 25., P. 5. prop. 15.]
ellauri158.html on line 865: -- P. 3. prop. 53. coroll. Haec laetitia magis magisque fovetur, quo magis homo se ab aliis laudari imaginatur. [in: P. 3. prop. 55. coroll. 1., P. 4. prop. 52. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 868: -- P. 3. prop. 55. coroll. 1. Haec tristitia magis ac magis fovetur, si se ab aliis vituperari imaginatur. [in: P. 4. prop. 52. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 869: -- P. 3. prop. 55. schol. Humilitas, philautia. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 25., aff. defin. 26., P. 4. prop. 34., prop. 57. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 871: -- P. 3. prop. 55. coroll. 2. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 873: -- P. 3. prop. 56. schol. Luxuria, ebrietas, libido, avaritia, ambitio. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 44., aff. defin. 45., aff. defin. 46., aff. defin. 47., aff. defin. 48.]
ellauri158.html on line 874: P. 3. prop. 57. Quilibet uniuscuiusque individui affectus ab affectu alterius tantum discrepat, quantum essentia unius ab essentia alterius differt. [in: P. 3. prop. 57. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 875: -- P. 3. prop. 57. schol. De affectibus animalium, quae irrationalia dicuntur. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 877: P. 3. prop. 59. Inter omnes affectus, qui ad mentem, quatenus agit, referuntur, nulli alii sunt, quam qui ad laetitiam vel cupiditatem referuntur. [in: P. 4. prop. 34., prop. 51., prop. 63., prop. 63. coroll., P. 5. prop. 10. schol., prop. 18., prop. 18. schol., prop. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 878: -- P. 3. prop. 59. schol. Animi fortitudo: animositas, generositas, modestia; fastidium, taedium. [in: P. 4. prop. 46., prop. 69., prop. 69. schol., prop. 73. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 937: P. 3. aff. defin. 6. Amor est laetitia concomitante idea causae externae. [in: P. 3. aff. defin. 7., P. 4. prop. 34. schol., prop. 44., prop. 57., P. 5. prop. 2., prop. 15., prop. 17. coroll., prop. 32. coroll.]
ellauri158.html on line 951: P. 3. aff. defin. 20. Indignatio est odium erga aliquem, qui alteri malefecit. [in: P. 4. prop. 51. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 956: P. 3. aff. defin. 25. Acquiescentia in se ipso est laetitia orta ex eo, quod homo se ipsum suamque agendi potentiam contemplatur. [in: P. 4. prop. 52., P. 5. prop. 27., prop. 32., prop. 36. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 961: P. 3. aff. defin. 30. Gloria est laetitia concomitante idea alicuius nostrae actionis, quam alios laudare imaginamur. [in: P. 4. prop. 49., prop. 58., P. 5. prop. 36. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 991: P. 4. defin. 6. Quid per affectum erga rem futuram, praesentem, et praeteritam intelligam, explicui in schol. 1. et 2. prop. 18. P. 3. quod vide. [in: P. 4. prop. 10. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 993: P. 4. defin. 8. Per virtutem et potentiam idem intelligo; hoc est (per prop. 7. P. 3.) virtus, quatenus ad hominem refertur, est ipsa hominis essentia seu natura, quatenus potestatem habet, quaedam efficiend, quae per solas ipsius naturae leges possunt intelligi. [in: P. 4. prop. 18. schol., prop. 20., prop. 22., prop. 23., prop. 24., prop. 35. coroll. 2., prop. 56., P. 5. prop. 25., prop. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 995: P. 4. axiom. Nulla res singularis in rerum natura datur, qua potentior et fortior non detur alia. Sed quacumque data datur alia potentior, a qua illa data potest destrui. [in: P. 4. prop. 3., prop. 7., P. 5. prop. 37. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 998: -- P. 4. prop. 1. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1001: P. 4. prop. 4. Fieri non potest, ut homo non sit naturae pars et ut nullas possit pati mutationes, nisi quae per solam suam naturam possint intelligi, quarumque adaequata sit causa. [in: P. 4. prop. 68. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1002: -- P. 4. prop. 4. coroll. Hinc sequitur, hominem necessario passionibus esse semper obnoxium, communemque naturae ordinem sequi et eidem parere, seseque eidem, quantum rerum natura exigit, accommodare. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 2., etiam in: TP cap. 1. art. 5.]
ellauri158.html on line 1003: P. 4. prop. 5. Vis et incrementum cuiuscumque passionis, eiusque in existendo perseverantia non definitur potentia, qua nos in existendo perseverare conamur, sed causae externae potentia cum nostra comparata. [in: P. 4. prop. 6., prop. 7., prop. 15., prop. 43., prop. 69., P. 5. prop. 8., prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1004: P. 4. prop. 6. Vis alicuius passionis seu affectus reliquas hominis actiones seu potentiam superare potest, ita ut affectus pertinaciter homini adhaereat. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 2., prop. 43., prop. 44., prop. 60., P. 5. prop. 7.]
ellauri158.html on line 1005: P. 4. prop. 7. Affectus nec coerceri nec tolli potest, nisi per affectum contrarium et fortiorem affectu coercendo. [in: P. 4. prop. 7. coroll., prop. 14., prop. 15., prop. 37. schol. 2., prop. 69.]
ellauri158.html on line 1010: -- P. 4. prop. 9. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1011: -- P. 4. prop. 9. coroll. Imago rei futurae vel praeteritae, hoc est, rei, quam cum relatione ad tempus futurum vel praeteritum secluso praesenti contemplamur, ceteris paribus debilior est imagine rei praesentis, et consequenter affectus erga rem futuram vel praeteritam, ceteris paribus remissior est affectu erga rem praesentem. [in: P. 4. prop. 12. coroll., prop. 16., prop. 60. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1013: -- P. 4. prop. 10. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1020: P. 4. prop. 16. Cupiditas, quae ex cognitione boni et mali, quatenus haec cognitio futurum respicit, oritur, facilius rerum cupiditate, quae in praesentia suaves sunt, coerceri vel restingui potest. [in: P. 4. prop. 17., prop. 62. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1022: -- P. 4. prop. 17. schol. Cur homines opinione magis, quam vera ratione commoveantur. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 1023: P. 4. prop. 18. Cupiditas, quae ex laetitia oritur, ceteris paribus fortior est cupiditate, quae ex tristitia oritur. [in: P. 4. prop. 56. schol., prop. 66. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1024: -- P. 4. prop. 18. schol. Rationis dictamina. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 1025: P. 4. prop. 19. Id unusquisque ex legibus suae naturae necessario appetit vel aversatur, quod bonum vel malum esse iudicat. [in: P. 4. prop. 35., prop. 37., prop. 37. schol. 2., prop. 46., prop. 59.]
ellauri158.html on line 1026: P. 4. prop. 20. Quo magis unusquisque suum utile quaerere, hoc est, suum esse conservare conatur et potest, eo magis virtute praeditus est; et contra, quatenus unusquisque suum utile, hoc est, suum esse conservare negligit, eatenus est impotens. [in: P. 4. prop. 35. coroll. 2., prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 1027: -- P. 4. prop. 20. schol. De causis mortis involuntariae.
ellauri158.html on line 1033: P. 4. prop. 25. Nemo suum esse alterius rei causa conservare conatur. [in: P. 4. prop. 26., prop. 52. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1039: P. 4. prop. 30. Res nulla per id, quod cum nostra natura commune habet, potest esse mala; sed quatenus nobis mala est, eatenus est nobis contraria. [in: P. 4. prop. 31., prop. 34., prop. 34. schol., P. 5. prop. 10., prop. 38., prop. 39.]
ellauri158.html on line 1040: P. 4. prop. 31. Quatenus res aliqua cum nostra natura convenit, eatenus necessario bona est. [in: P. 4. prop. 31. coroll., prop. 34. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1043: -- P. 4. prop. 32. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1044: P. 4. prop. 33. Homines natura discrepare possunt, quatenus affectibus, qui passiones sunt, conflictantur, et eatenus etiam unus idemque homo varius est et inconstans. [in: P. 4. prop. 35., prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 1045: P. 4. prop. 34. Quatenus homines affectibus, qui passiones sunt, conflictantur, possunt invicem esse contrarii. [in: P. 4. prop. 35., prop. 36. schol., prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 1046: -- P. 4. prop. 34. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1047: P. 4. prop. 35. Quatenus homines ex ductu rationis vivunt, eatenus tantum natura semper necessario conveniunt. [in: P. 4. prop. 35. coroll. 1., prop. 35. coroll. 2., prop. 36. schol., prop. 40., prop. 71.]
ellauri158.html on line 1048: -- P. 4. prop. 35. coroll. 1. Nihil singulare in rerum natura datur, quod homini sit utilius, quam homo qui ex ductu rationis vivit. [in: P. 4. prop. 35. coroll. 2., prop. 37., prop. 37. schol. 2., prop. 71.]
ellauri158.html on line 1050: -- P. 4. prop. 35. schol. De vita sociali et solitaria. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol. 2.]
ellauri158.html on line 1052: -- P. 4. prop. 36. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1053: P. 4. prop. 37. Bonum, quod unusquisque, qui sectatur virtutem, sibi appetit, reliquis hominibus etiam cupiet, et eo magis, quo maiorem Dei habuerit cognitionem. [in: P. 4. prop. 45., prop. 45. coroll. 1., prop. 46., prop. 50., prop. 51., prop. 68. schol., prop. 70., prop. 71., prop. 73., prop. 73. schol., P. 5. prop. 4. schol., prop. 20.]
ellauri158.html on line 1054: -- P. 4. prop. 37. schol 1. Religio, pietas; honestum, turpe. [in: P. 4. prop. 45. coroll. 2., prop. 58., app. cap. 15., app. cap. 25., P. 5. prop. 4. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1055: -- P. 4. prop. 37. schol 2. De statu hominis naturali et civili. Peccatum et meritum; iustum et inustum. [in: P. 4. prop. 37. schol 1. prop. 45. coroll. 2., prop. 73., app. cap. 15., etiam in: TP cap. 2. art. 1.]
ellauri158.html on line 1058: -- P. 4. prop. 39. schol. De corporis mutatione in morte et morbo. [in: P. 5. prop. 38. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1060: P. 4. prop. 41. Laetitia directe mala non est, sed bona; tristitia autem contra directe est mala. [in: P. 4. prop. 43., prop. 45. schol. 2., prop. 47., prop. 50., prop. 59.]
ellauri158.html on line 1064: -- P. 4. prop. 44. schol. Quaedam cupiditates sunt delirii species. [in: P. 4. prop. 58. schol., prop. 60. schol., app. cap. 30.]
ellauri158.html on line 1065: P. 4. prop. 45. Odium nunquam potest esse bonum. [in: P. 4. prop. 51. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1066: -- P. 4. prop. 45. schol 1.
ellauri158.html on line 1067: -- P. 4. prop. 45. coroll. 1. Invidia, irrisio, contemptus, ira, vindicta et reliqui affectus, qui ad odium referuntur vel ex eodem oriuntur, mali sunt. [in: P. 4. prop. 45. schol. 2., prop. 46., prop. 59.]
ellauri158.html on line 1069: -- P. 4. prop. 45. schol 2. Irrisio et risus. Rebus uti et iis delectari est viri sapientis. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 31.]
ellauri158.html on line 1070: P. 4. prop. 46. Qui ex ductu rationis vivit, quantum potest, conatur alterius in ipsum odium, iram, contemptum etc. amore contra sive generositate compensare. [in: P. 4. prop. 73. schol., P. 5. prop. 10. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1071: -- P. 4. prop. 46. schol. Qui studet odium amore expugnare, ille laetus et secure pugnat. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 15., P. 5. prop. 10. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1073: -- P. 4. prop. 47. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1078: -- P. 4. prop. 50. schol. Inhumanitas refutatur. [in: P. 4. prop. 73. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1081: -- P. 4. prop. 51. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1082: P. 4. prop. 52. Acquiescentia in se ipso ex ratione oriri potest, et ea sola acquiescentia, quae ex ratione oritur, summa est quae potest dari. [in: P. 5. prop. 10. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1083: -- P. 4. prop. 52. schol. Acquiescentia in se ipso summum est, quod sperare possumus. [in: P. 4. prop. 58. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1086: -- P. 4. prop. 54. schol. Humilitas, poenitentia.
ellauri158.html on line 1090: -- P. 4. prop. 56. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1092: -- P. 4. prop. 57. schol. De superbiae malis. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 22.]
ellauri158.html on line 1108: -- P. 4. prop. 58. schol. Gloria vana, pudor.
ellauri158.html on line 1109: P. 4. prop. 59. Ad omnes actiones, ad quas ex affectu, qui passio est, determinamur, possumus absque eo a ratione determinari. [in: P. 5. prop. 4. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1110: -- P. 4. prop. 59. schol. Exemplum.
ellauri158.html on line 1112: -- P. 4. prop. 60. schol. Valetudinis cura. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 30.]
ellauri158.html on line 1113: P. 4. prop. 61. Cupiditas, quae ex ratione oritur, excessum habere nequit. [in: P. 4. prop. 63. coroll., P. 5. prop. 4. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1115: -- P. 4. prop. 62. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1117: -- P. 4. prop. 63. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1118: -- P. 4. prop. 63. coroll. Cupiditate, quae ex ratione oritur, bonum directe sequimur et malum indirecte fugimus. [in: P. 4. prop. 65., prop. 65. coroll., prop. 67., P. 5. prop. 10. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1119: -- P. 4. prop. 63. coroll. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1126: -- P. 4. prop. 66. schol. Homo servus, liber. [in: P. 4. prop. 73.]
ellauri158.html on line 1129: -- P. 4. prop. 68. schol. De Mosis historia primi hominis.
ellauri158.html on line 1132: -- P. 4. prop. 69. schol. Quid sit periculum.
ellauri158.html on line 1134: -- P. 4. prop. 70. schol. In declinandis beneficiis ratio utilis et honesti habenda est. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 18.]
ellauri158.html on line 1136: -- P. 4. prop. 71. schol. Ingratitudo. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 18.]
ellauri158.html on line 1138: -- P. 4. prop. 72. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1140: -- P. 4. prop. 73. schol. Vera hominis libertas est vera vita et religio. [in: P. 4. app. cap. 15.]
ellauri158.html on line 1150: P. 5. axiom. 2. Effectus potentia definitur potentia ipsius causae, quatenus eius essentia per ipsius causae essentiam explicatur vel definitur. [in: P. 5. prop. 8. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1153: P. 5. prop. 2. Si animi commotionem seu affectum a causae externae cogitatione amoveamus et aliis iungamus cogitationibus, tum amor seu odium erga causam externam, ut et animi fluctuationes quae ex his affectibus oriuntur, destruentur. [in: P. 5. prop. 4. schol., prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1154: P. 5. prop. 3. Affectus, qui passio est, desinit esse passio, simulatque eius claram et distinctam formamus ideam. [in: P. 5. prop. 18. schol., prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1158: -- P. 5. prop. 4. schol. Potestas uniuscuiusque efficiendi ut ab affectibus minus patitur. [in: P. 5. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1160: P. 5. prop. 6. Quatenus mens res omnes ut necessarias intelligit, eatenus maiorem in affectus potentiam habet, seu minus ab iisdem patitur. [in: P. 5. prop. 10. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1161: -- P. 5. prop. 6. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1162: P. 5. prop. 7. Affectus, qui ex ratione oriuntur vel excitantur, si ratio temporis habeatur, potentiores sunt iis, qui ad res singulares referuntur, quas ut absentes contemplamur. [in: P. 5. prop. 10. schol., prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1163: P. 5. prop. 8. Quo affectus aliquis a pluribus causis simul concurrentibus excitatur, eo maior est. [in: P. 5. prop. 10. schol., prop. 11.]
ellauri158.html on line 1164: -- P. 5. prop. 8. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1165: P. 5. prop. 9. Affectus, qui ad plures et diversas causas refertur, quas mens cum ipso affectu simul contemplatur, minus noxius est, et minus per ipsum patimur, et erga unamquamque causam minus afficimur, quam alius aeque magnus affectus, qui ad unam solam vel pauciores causas refertur. [in: P. 5. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1167: -- P. 5. prop. 10. schol. Quomodo malos affectus vitemus. [in: P. 5. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1168: P. 5. prop. 11. Quo imago aliqua ad plures res refertur, eo frequentior est seu saepius viget, et mentem magis occupat. [in: P. 5. prop. 12., prop. 16., prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1169: P. 5. prop. 12. Rerum imagines facilius imaginibus, quae ad res referuntur, quas clare et distincte intelligimus, iunguntur, quam aliis. [in: P. 5. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1170: P. 5. prop. 13. Quo imago aliqua pluribus aliis iuncta est, eo saepius viget. [in: P. 5. prop. 20. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1171: P. 5. prop. 14. Mens efficere potest, ut omnes corporis affectiones seu rerum imagines ad Dei ideam referantur. [in: P. 5. prop. 15., prop. 16., prop. 20. schol., prop. 39.]
ellauri158.html on line 1172: P. 5. prop. 15. Qui se suosque affectus clare et distincte intelligit, Deum amat, et eo magis, quo se suosque affectus magis intelligit. [in: P. 5. prop. 16., prop. 20. schol., prop. 39.]
ellauri158.html on line 1173: P. 5. prop. 16. Hic erga Deum amor mentem maxime occupare debet. [in: P. 5. prop. 20. schol., prop. 39.]
ellauri158.html on line 1181: -- P. 5. prop. 18. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1184: -- P. 5. prop. 20. schol. De affectuum remediis.
ellauri158.html on line 1185: P. 5. prop. 21. Mens nihil imaginari potest, neque rerum praeteritarum recordari, nisi durante corpore. [in: P. 5. prop. 29., prop. 31., prop. 34., prop. 38. schol., prop. 40. coroll.]
ellauri158.html on line 1188: -- P. 5. prop. 23. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1193: P. 5. prop. 27. Ex hoc tertio cognitionis genere summa, quae dari potest, mentis acquiescentia, oritur. [in: P. 5. prop. 32., prop. 36. schol., prop. 38. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1196: -- P. 5. prop. 29. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1199: -- P. 5. prop. 31. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1201: -- P. 5. prop. 32. coroll. Ex tertio cognitionis genere oritur necessario amor Dei intellectualis. [in: P. 5. prop. 33. schol., prop. 35., prop. 36., prop. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 1202: P. 5. prop. 33. Amor Dei intellectualis, qui ex tertio cognitionis genere oritur, est aeternus. [in: P. 5. prop. 33. schol., prop. 37., prop. 39.]
ellauri158.html on line 1203: -- P. 5. prop. 33. schol. Beatitudo in quo consistat.
ellauri158.html on line 1206: -- P. 5. prop. 34. schol. Communis hominum opinio de aeternitate.
ellauri158.html on line 1207: P. 5. prop. 35. Deus se ipsum amore intellectuali infinito amat. [in: P. 5. prop. 36., prop. 36. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1210: -- P. 5. prop. 36. schol. Beatitudo sive libertas nostra consistit in constanti et aeterno erga Deum amore sive in amore Deum erga homines. [in: P. 5. prop. 42.]
ellauri158.html on line 1215: -- P. 5. prop. 37. schol.
ellauri158.html on line 1217: -- P. 5. prop. 38. schol. Mors eo minus est noxia, quo mes magis Deum amat. [in: P. 5. prop. 39. schol.]
ellauri158.html on line 1219: -- P. 5. prop. 39. schol. De hominis felicitate et infelicitate.
ellauri158.html on line 1222: -- P. 5. prop. 40. schol. Mens nostra quatenus intelligit aeterna cogitandi modus est.
ellauri158.html on line 1224: -- P. 5. prop. 41. schol. Communis vulgi persuasio de vita aeterna.
ellauri158.html on line 1226: -- P. 5. prop. 42. schol. Quantum sapiens polleat potiorque sit ignaro, qui sola libidine agit. [in: TP cap. 1. art. 5.]
ellauri160.html on line 217: English poets such as Maurice Hewlett, Rudyard Kipling, and Alfred Tennyson had made a particular kind of Victorian verse—stirring, pompous, propagandistic and popular. According to modernist scholar James Knapp, Pound rejected the idea of poetry as "versified moral essay"; he wanted to focus on the individual experience, the concrete rather than the abstract.
ellauri171.html on line 944: The Sea Peoples remain unidentified in the eyes of most modern scholars, and hypotheses regarding the origin of the various groups are the source of much speculation. Filistealaiset oli kenties peräisin Aigeiasta, siis länkkäreitä?! Kappas vain!
ellauri171.html on line 992: The next time we hear of Jezebel is during the ploy to obtain Naboth’s vineyard for her husband, who is unable to secure the transaction. She sends letters, with the stamp of the king, to the elders in Naboth’s town, commanding them to lie against Naboth, and then stone him. The elders do so, and after Naboth’s death, the vineyard is claimed for Ahab. Few bible commentators acknowledge the bizarre betrayal of Naboth by his neighbors. If, as is suggested, Naboth’s neighbors had known him since birth and patronized him, how could they turn so quickly? Some scholars argue that this incident highlights Jezebel’s keen understanding of Israelite men. It is perhaps, also, one of the impetus for her modern connotation as manipulator-supreme.
ellauri171.html on line 1027: In recent years, scholars have tried to reclaim the shadowy female figures whose tales are often only partially told in the Bible. Rehabilitating Jezebel’s stained reputation is an arduous task, however, for she is a difficult woman to like. She is not a heroic fighter like Deborah, a devoted sister like Miriam or a cherished wife like Ruth. Jezebel cannot even be compared with the Bible’s other bad girls—Potiphar’s wife and Delilah—for no good comes from Jezebel’s deeds. These other women may be bad, but Jezebel is the worst.
ellauri171.html on line 1110: (PST. Read what modern Bible scholars say about Tamar)
ellauri172.html on line 257: — Baruch Spinoza, Ethics, book 2, proposition 49, scholium
ellauri182.html on line 154: Riitakumppaneita: Kiyoteru Hanada, New Testament scholar Kenzō Tagawa, and his former friend and critic Yutaka Haniya.
ellauri182.html on line 178: Rennyo is generally credited by Shin Buddhists for reversing the stagnation of the early Jōdo Shinshū community, and is considered the "Second Founder" of Jōdo Shinshū. His portrait picture, along with Shinran's, are present on the onanizing (altar) area of most Jōdo Shinshū temples. However, Rennyo has also been criticized by some Shin scholars for his engagement in medieval politics and his alleged divergences from Shinran's original thought.
ellauri183.html on line 186: Clare Carlisle studied philosophy and theology at Trinity College, Cambridge, gaining her BA in 1998 and her PhD in 2002, and she remains grateful to Trinity College for the scholarship that supported her doctoral studies. Her travels in India after completing her PhD deepened her interest in devotional and contemplative practices. She is the author of six boox, most recently On Habit (Routledge, 2014), Philosopher of the Heart: The Restless Life of Søren Kierkegaard (Allen Lane / Penguin / FSG, 2019), and Spinoza’s Religion: A New Reading of the Ethics (Princeton University Press, 2021).
ellauri183.html on line 634: The war that Jewish scholars call The War of Varus (ei se "missä ovat legioonani" tunari vaan joku sen sukulainen). It is the war that took place in Galilee, Judaea and Idumaea just after the death of Herod which started with the massacre of the 3000 Jewish worshippers in the temple at the Passover of 1 B.C.E. Josephus stated that this war against the Jews which was directed by the governor of Syria, Quintilius Varus, took place in Palestine, but it has been a puzzle to historians that there appear to be no contemporary Roman accounts that justify it as occurring (ollenkaan tai ainakaan just tohon aikaan).
ellauri183.html on line 636: Joku jutkuäijä väittää että tässä sodassa (joka se mielestä tapahtui 3v myöhemmin kuin tapahtui) juutalaisia ei mätkinytkään Varuxen pojanpoika Varus, vaan Julius Caesarin pojanpoika Gaius Caesar! It also allows the historical statements of the New Testament concerning the nativity of Jesus to take on a new credibility. Jesus was born in 3 B.C.E. (within the period stated by most early Christian scholars) and we now find this substantiated by the records of Roman history. Kaikenlaista sitä pitäisikin uskoa. En luota nähin kavereihin pitemmälle kuin jaxan niitä heittää. Mitä vittua, Jeesus syntyi 3v ennen Kristusta? Mahootointa! Onkohan mistään myyttisestä tapahtumasta taitettu niin paljon peistä kuin tästä?
ellauri184.html on line 255: These passages also make it clear the land of East Manasseh was further divided into two sub-sections, or, regions. These are known as Bashan and Gilead. Bashan, as Adams pointed out, "included all of the tableland south of Mount Hermon to the river Yarmuk". The western border of Bashan was the Jordan River and Sea of Galilee. Hypercritical scholars [who?] argue that the two sections had different origins, noting that in the First Book of Chronicles separate tribal rulers were named for the western half tribe and the eastern half tribe.
ellauri184.html on line 257: The Bible records that following the completion of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelite tribes, Joshua allocated the land among the twelve tribes. According to biblical scholar Kenneth Kitchen, this conquest should be dated slightly after 1200 BCE. Some modern scholars argue that the conquest of Joshua, as described in the Book of Joshua, never occurred. “Besides the rejection of the Albrightian conquest model, the general consensus among OT scholars is that the Book of Joshua has no value in the historical reconstruction. They see the book as an ideological retrojection from a later period — either as early as the reign of Josiah or as late as the Hasmonean period.” "It behooves us to ask, in spite of the fact that the overwhelming consensus of modern scholarship is that Joshua is a pious fiction composed by the deuteronomistic school, how does and how has the Jewish community dealt with these foundational narratives, saturated as they are with acts of violence against others?" ”Recent decades, for example, have seen a remarkable reevaluation of evidence concerning the conquest of the land of Canaan by Joshua. As more sites have been excavated, there has been a growing consensus that the main story of Joshua, that of a speedy and complete conquest (e.g. Josh. 11.23: 'Thus Joshua conquered the whole country, just as the LORD had promised Moses') is contradicted by the archaeological record, though there are indications of some destruction at the appropriate time. No oliko sitten koko esinahkakasa satua? Ketä enää uskoa? Usko siirtää vuoria, eikö sitten esinahkakukkuloita?
ellauri184.html on line 287: While many biblical scholars assume that soldiers with Woman names must have been Woman citizens, evidence suggests otherwise: one papyrus written 103 CE indicates that some auxiliaries received Womanized names (i.e., tria nomina) shortly after wecwuitment, even before training completed. Because some soldiers changed their name shortly after wecwuitment, the mere act of joining the militawy often obscured soldiers’ ethnic and geographic origins. Benjamin Isaac thus observes a few obvious instances where soldiers from the Decapolis dropped their Semitic birth name to take up a Woman one.
ellauri184.html on line 518: The Book of Genesis explains circumcision as a covenant with God given to Abraham,[Gen 17:10] In Judaism it "symbolizes the promise of lineage and fruitfulness of a great (???) nation," the "seal of ownership (???) and the guarantee of relationship between peoples and their god." Some scholars look elsewhere for the origin of Jewish circumcision. One explanation, dating from Herodotus, is that the custom was acquired from the Egyptians, possibly during the period of enslavement. An additional hypothesis, based on linguistic/ethnographic work begun in the 19th century, suggests circumcision was a common tribal custom among Semitic tribes (Jews, Arabs, and Phoenicians).
ellauri184.html on line 682: The custom of releasing prisoners in Jerusalem at Passover is known to theologians as the Paschal Pardon, but this custom (whether at Passover or any other time) is not recorded in any historical document other than the gospels, leading some scholars to question its historicity and suspect that such a custom was a mere narrative invention of the Bible´s writers like so much else in the fake good news.
ellauri185.html on line 66: According to Jewish tradition, the book was written by Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, who together are three prophets who had appeared within 1 Chronicles during the account of David's reign. Modern scholarly thinking posits that the entire Deuteronomistic history was composed circa 630–540 BCE by combining a number of independent texts of various ages.
ellauri190.html on line 277: By 1659, the two outstanding sons of Ukraine, a Kozak general Ivan Vyhovsky and an eccentric scholar-nobleman Yuriy Nemyrych conceived what became known as the Union of Hadyach. It was a unique document, which, essentially, argued in favor of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth transforming into the commonwealth of Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine. Vyhovsky and Nemyrych proposed to establish a Great Principality of Ukraine on par with the Kingdom of Poland and the Great Duchy of Lithuania. And it was a unique historical moment, because in July 1659 the Ukrainian troops won a huge battle against the Muscovite army near the city of Konotop, totally crushing the Muscovites and proving that Ukraine did not need the “friendship” of the tyrannic Tzars. (See the analogy?) If the Hadyach Union had been approved by the Sejm of the Republic, Ukraine would perhaps have become a more European country and would progressively move toward full Western style independence. Again, tragically, it did not happen. Nemyrych was killed at a duel, and Vyhovsky forced to resign by populists who hated him because of his aristocratic blood and his alleged (rather than actual) love of things Polish. Without these two luminaries, the Sejm did not even bother to convene for discussions on the Hadyach Union, making it into a useless piece of paper. It was later “adopted,” but in such a distorted version that it excluded its main point, the creation of the Ukrainian state. Sellasta se on. Ukrainan, Puolan ja Baltian historia osoittaa, miten vaikeaa on merkata reviiriä jollei sitä ole valmiixi maastoon merkitty.
ellauri192.html on line 55: The Prague linguistic circle included the Russian émigrés Roman Jakobson, Nikolai Trubetzkoy, and Sergei Karcevskiy, as well as the famous Czech literary scholars René Wellek and Jan Mukařovský. The instigator of the circle, and its first president until his death in 1945, was the Czech linguist Vilém Mathesius. After the Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948, the circle was disbanded in 1952 (another marked year), but the Prague School continued as a major force in linguistic functionalism.
ellauri192.html on line 357: British warlord Winston Churchill missed out on the peace prize (LOL) despite two nominations, but his oratory and his works of historical scholarship earned him the literature prize in 1953 (double LOL).
ellauri192.html on line 645: Few Americans have ever heard of Jaroslav Seifert, whose poems are virtually unobtainable in the United States, but scholars who are acquainted with his work said yesterday that the Czech poet fully deserves the Nobel Prize awarded to him. Thogh an old commie, he is (or was) now staunchly on our side.
ellauri192.html on line 665: Mr. Seifert's memoirs were published in English in September 1981 by sixty-eight publishers, plus in the Czech language by a Czech emigre publishing house in Canada, and they were published in several installments in a Czech-language journal. A portion of the memoirs were published in English in the 1983 issue of Cross Currents, a yearbook of Central European Culture, published by the Department of Slavic Langagues at the University of Michigan. The selection, titled "Russian Bliny," is about Roman Jakobson, a Russian scholar who emigrated to Czechoslovakia after World War I and came to the United States during World War II. In actual fact, they were Ukrainian bliny, another case of cultural appropriation.
ellauri194.html on line 623:

Kshetresa Chandra Chattopadhyaya – Sanskrit scholar
ellauri194.html on line 629:

Partha Chatterjee – scholar and author
ellauri196.html on line 67: Ramus war ein Gegner der aristotelisch-scholastischen Philosophie; schon der Titel seiner Magisterthese von 1536 hatte angeblich (Freigius zufolge) gelautet: „Quecumque ab Aristotele dicta essent, commentita esse“ („Was immer Aristoteles gesagt haben mag, sei erlogen“). Er entwickelte stattdessen eine neue, nichtaristotelische Logik. Darin ersetzte er (in den Institutiones dialecticae) den aristotelischen Syllogismus durch ein System von Dichotomien (vgl. Ramismus) in der Tradition des spätmittelalterlichen Logikers Rudolf Agricola (1444–1485).
ellauri198.html on line 635: Most scholars agree that the ritual performed at the tophet was child sacrifice, and they connect it to similar episodes throughout the Bible and recorded in Phoenicia (whose inhabitants were referred to as Canaanites in the Bible) and Carthage by Hellenistic sources. There is disagreement about whether the sacrifices were offered to a god named "Moloch". Based on Phoenician and Carthaginian inscriptions, a growing number of scholars believe that the word moloch refers to the type of sacrifice rather than a deity. There is currently a dispute as to whether these sacrifices were dedicated to Yahweh rather than a foreign deity.
ellauri198.html on line 637: Archaeologists have applied the term "tophet" to large cemeteries of children found at Carthaginian sites that have traditionally been believed to house the victims of child sacrifice, as described by Hellenistic and biblical sources. This interpretation is controversial, with some scholars arguing that the tophets may have been children's cemeteries, rejecting Hellenistic sources as anti-Carthaginian propaganda. Others argue that not all burials in the tophet were sacrifices.
ellauri198.html on line 755: Ei vaan Browning imuskelee kolleegansa Shellyn schollya, Harold täsmentää. The consensus among critics has long been that in his youth Browning had a great enthusiasm for Shelley, an enthusiasm clearly apparent in Pauline and Paracelsus, but abruptly extinguished in Sordello. Generally speaking, it would seem that Browning's ardent enthusiasm for Shelley the poet ends with Sordello in 1840, just as his respect for Shelley the man ends in 1856, with the discovery that he had abandoned his first wife. Any evidence for a lapse of his disaffection in later life seems effectively countered by Browning's own testimony in a letter written in 1885 to F. J. Furnivall, refusing the presidency of the newly formed Shelley Society: “For myself, I painfully contrast my notions of Shelley the man and Shelley, well, even the poet, with what they were sixty years ago, when I only had his works, for a certainty, and took his character on trust.” With these highlights of the relationship, most Browning critics and biographers terminate the discussion.
ellauri203.html on line 219: However, this belated first love was not as simple as Dostoevsky had hoped. Isaeva began taunting the writer with letters telling him of her intention to marry one or other wealthy official. Although the pair did ultimately marry, their troubles continued, and the two never settled into a harmonious marriage, with Dostoevsky taking on a role more like a friend or brother to Isaeva, rather than a husband. Mark Slonim, an important Russian scholar, writes in his book The Three Loves of Dostoevsky: “He loved her for all these feelings that she excited in him. For everything that he gave her, for everything that was connected with her. And for all the pains from her.”
ellauri203.html on line 242: Writing in the Los Angeles Times, a professor of Slavic languages praised their Dostoevsky translations, stating "the reason they have succeeded so well in bringing Dostoevsky into English is not just that they have made him sound bumpy or unnatural but that they have managed to capture and differentiate the characters' many bumpy and unnatural voices." A literary critic and essayist, wrote in The Sewanee Review that their Dostoevsky translations "have recaptured the rough and vulgar edge of Dostoevsky's style. This tone of the vulgar that Dostoevsky's writings are full of, so morbidly excessively, they have translated into a vernacular equal to his own." But recently, writing in The New York Review of Books in 2016, a critic argued that Pevear and Volokhonsky have established an industry of taking everything they can get their hands on written in Russian and putting it into flat, awkward English. Other translators have voiced similar criticism, both in Russia and in the English-speaking world. A Slavic studies scholar has written in Commentary that Pevear and Volokhonsky take glorious works and reduce them to awkward and unsightly muddles. Criticism has been focused on the excessive literalness of the couple's translations and the perception that they miss the original tone of the authors.
ellauri210.html on line 1270: Since Shaw's death scholarly and critical opinion about his works has varied, but he has regularly been rated among British dramatists as second rate, almost on a par with Shakespeare. One Shaw's comedy made Edward VII laugh so hard that he broke his chair.
ellauri216.html on line 198: The Didache (Greek: Διδαχή, translit. Didakhé, lit. "Teaching"), also known as The Lord's Teaching Through the Twelve Apostles to the Nations (Διδαχὴ Κυρίου διὰ τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τοῖς ἔθνεσιν), is a brief anonymous early Christian treatise written in Koine Greek, dated by modern scholars to the first or (less commonly) second century AD. The first line of this treatise is "The teaching of the Lord to the Gentiles (or Nations) by the twelve apostles". The text, parts of which constitute the oldest extant written catechism, has three main sections dealing with Christian ethics, rituals such as baptism and Eucharist, and Church organization. The opening chapters describe the virtuous Way of Life and the wicked Way of Death. The Lord's Prayer is included in full. Baptism is by immersion, or by affusion if immersion is not practical. Fasting is ordered for Wednesdays and Fridays. Two primitive Eucharistic prayers are given. Church organization was at an early stage of development. Itinerant apostles and prophets are important, serving as "chief priests" and possibly celebrating the Eucharist. Meanwhile, local bishops and deacons also have authority and seem to be taking the place of the itinerant ministry.
ellauri217.html on line 696: In the history of Christianity, the Apostolic Decree recorded in Acts 15 is commonly seen as a parallel to the Seven Laws of Noah. However, modern scholars dispute the connection between Acts 15 and the Noahide laws. The Apostolic Decree is still observed by the Eastern Orthodox Church and includes some food restrictions.
ellauri217.html on line 702: Accounts of the council are found in Acts of the Apostles chapter 15 (in two different forms, the Alexandrian and Western versions) and also possibly in Paul´s letter to the Galatians (chapter 2). Some scholars dispute that Galatians 2 is about the Council of Jerusalem, while others have defended this identification.
ellauri217.html on line 723: In conclusion, therefore, it appears that the least unsatisfactory solution of the complicated textual and exegetical problems of the Apostolic Decree is to regard the fourfold decree as original (foods offered to idols, strangled meat, eating blood, and unchastity—whether ritual or moral), and to explain the two forms of the threefold decree in some such way as those suggested above. An extensive literature exists on the text and exegesis of the Apostolic Decree. According to Jacques Dupont, "Present day scholarship is practically unanimous in considering the 'Eastern' text of the decree as the only authentic text (in four items) and in interpreting its prescriptions in a sense not ethical but ritual (whatever that means)".
ellauri219.html on line 744: The yoga scholar David Gordon White writes that yoga teacher training often includes "mandatory instruction" in the Yoga Sutra. White calls this "curious to say the least", since the text is in his view essentially irrelevant to "yoga as it is taught and practiced today", commenting that the Yoga Sutra is "nearly devoid of discussion of indecent postures, dick stretching, and heavy breathing".
ellauri222.html on line 427: Arthur Einhorn is William Einhorn’s son who is in college at the University of Illinois in Champaign. An intellectual who studies poetry and wants to write scholarly books, he falls in love with Mimi. His relationship with his father is strained after Arthur has a baby and then divorces his wife, leaving the child to be raised by his parents.
ellauri222.html on line 886: Ozymandias (/ˌɒziˈmændiəs/ oz-ee-MAN-dee-əs; real name Adrian Alexander Veidt) is a fictional anti-villain in the graphic novel limited series Watchmen, published by DC Comics. Created by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons, named "Ozymandias" in the manner of Ramesses II, his name recalls the famous poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley, which takes as its theme the fleeting nature of empire and is excerpted as the epigraph of one of the chapters of Watchmen. Ozymandias is ranked number 25 on Wizard's Top 200 Comic Book Characters list and number 21 on IGN's Top 100 Villains list. No, wait, Ozymandias was a Greek name for the pharaoh Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BC), derived from a part of his throne name, Usermaatre. In 1817, Shelley began writing the poem "Ozymandias", after the British Museum acquired the Younger Memnon, a head-and-torso fragment of a statue of Ramesses II, which dated from the 13th century BC. Earlier, in 1816, the Italian archeologist Giovanni Battista Belzoni had "removed" the 7.25-short-ton (6.58 t; 6,580 kg) statue fragment from the Ramesseum, the mortuary temple of Ramesses II at Thebes, Egypt. The reputation of the statue fragment preceded its arrival to Western Europe; after his Egyptian expedition in 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte had failed to acquire the Younger Memnon for France. Although the British Museum expected delivery of the antiquity in 1818, the Younger Memnon did not arrive in London until 1821. Shelley published his poems before the statue fragment of Ozymandias arrived in Britain, and the view of modern scholarship is that Shelley never saw the statue, although he might have learned about it from news reports, as it was well known even in its previous location near Luxor.
ellauri222.html on line 1080: Sir Walter Raleigh was one of the most famous explorers of Elizabeth I's reign. His courage and good looks made him a favourite of the Queen's, and she rewarded him for his handsomeness. Raleigh was also a scholar and a poet, but he is usually remembered for introducing the essential potato, and the addictive tobacco.
ellauri240.html on line 286: Some Frank refers to Timon of Athens as "a poor relation of the major tragedies." This is the majority view, but the play has many scholarly defenders as well. Nevertheless, and perhaps unsurprisingly due to its subject matter, it has not proven to be among Shakespeare's popular works.
ellauri241.html on line 365: Thou art a scholar, Lycius, and must know Sinä olet koululainen, Lycius, ja sinun täytyy tietää,
ellauri244.html on line 161: Samuel Butler FRS (1774–1839), an English classical scholar and schoolmaster of Shrewsbury School, and Bishop of Lichfield.
ellauri247.html on line 288: This arrangement, called the cicisbeatura or cicisbeismo, was widely practised, especially among the nobility of the Italian cities of Genoa, Nice, Venice, Florence and Rome. While many contemporary references to cicisbei and descriptions of their social standing exist, scholars diverge on the exact nature of the phenomenon.Some maintain that this institution was defined by marriage contracts, others question this claim and see it as a peculiarity of 18th-century customs that is not well defined or easily explained. Other scholars see it as a sign of the increasing emancipation of aristocratic women in the 18th century.
ellauri247.html on line 343: Johnson bragged that he could finish his dictionary project in three years. In comparison, the Académie Française had 40 scholars spending 40 years to complete their dictionary, which prompted Johnson to claim, "This is the proportion. Let me see; forty times forty is sixteen hundred. As three to sixteen hundred, so is the proportion of an Englishman to a Frenchman." Rather, the proportion of the civilized vernacular vocabularies of the languages. What a pompous idiot. Although he did not succeed in completing the work in three years, he did manage to finish it in eight. Some criticised the dictionary, including the historian Thomas Babington Macaulay, who described Johnson as "a wretched etymologist."
ellauri249.html on line 88: Between 6.5%–11.5% of Afghanistan's 1979 population of 13.5 million is estimated to have perished in the conflict. The war caused grave destruction in Afghanistan, and it has also been cited by scholars as a contributing factor to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
ellauri254.html on line 373: Valeri Bryusov's novel The Fiery Angel is also well known. It tells the story of a 16th-century German scholar and his attempts to win the love of a young woman whose spiritual integrity is seriously undermined by her participation in occult practices and her dealings with unclean forceps. The novel served as the basis for Sergei Prokofiev's eponymous opera The Fiery Angel.
ellauri256.html on line 49: Rozanov remains little known outside Russia, though some western scholars have become increasingly fascinated by his work and his persona.
ellauri260.html on line 207: Gustav Teichmüller (November 19, 1832 – May 22, 1888) is considered a philosopher of the idealist school and a founder of Russian personalism. His ideas were shaped by his teachers Lotze and J. F. Herbart, who in turn were influenced by G. W. von Leibniz. Some scholars describe Teichmüller's personalism as a version of neo-Leibnizianism. His doctrines have also been referred to as constituting a variant of Christian personalism that is in opposition to both positivism and evolutionism as well as traditional Platonism. Teichmüller's philosophy has influenced Nietzsche and this link has been explored by scholars such as Hermann Nohl, who traced Teichmüller's Die wirkliche und die scheinbare Welt, 1882, as the source of the latter's perspectivism. Teichmüller also influenced the Russian thinkers A. A. Kozlov, I.F. Oze, and E. A. Bobrov. Teichmüller nai virolaisen maanomistajan tyttären ja tapettuaan sen 20-vuotiaana lapsivuoteeseen, sen siskon, ja kuoli lopulta ize Tartossa pyylevänä patruunana.
ellauri262.html on line 144: Lewis wrote more than 30 books which have been translated into more than 30 languages and have sold millions of copies. The books that make up The Chronicles of Narnia have sold the most and have been popularized on stage, TV, radio, and cinema. His philosophical writings are widely cited by Christian scholars from many denominations.
ellauri262.html on line 215: In addition to his scholarly work, Lewis wrote several popular novels, including the science fiction Space Trilogy for adults and the Narnia fantasies for children. Most deal implicitly with Christian themes such as sin, humanity's fall from grace, and redemption.
ellauri262.html on line 311: The presence of sexuality in The Lord of the Rings, a bestselling fantasy novel by J. R. R. Tolkien, has been debated, as it is somewhat unobtrusive. However, love and marriage appear in the form of the warm relationship between the hobbits Sam Gamgee and Rosie Cotton; the unreturned feelings of Éowyn for Aragorn, followed by her falling in love with Faramir, and marrying him; and Aragorn's love for Arwen, described in an appendix rather than in the main text, as "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen". Multiple scholars have noted the symbolism of the monstrous female spider Shelob. Interest has been concentrated, too, on the officer-batman-inspired same-sex relationship of Frodo and his gardener Sam as they travel together on the dangerous quest to destroy the Ring. Scholars and commentators have interpreted the relationship in different ways, from close but not necessarily homosexual to plainly homoerotic, or as an idealised heroic friendship.
ellauri262.html on line 315: Tolkien held conservative views about women, stating that men were active in their professions while women were inclined to domestic life. While defending the role of women in The Lord of the Rings, the scholar of children's literature Melissa Hatcher wrote that "Tolkien himself, in reality, probably was the stodgy sexist Oxford professor that feminist scholars paint him out to be".
ellauri262.html on line 317: Commentators have remarked on the apparent lack of sexuality in The Lord of the Rings; the feminist and queer theory scholar Valerie Rohy notes the female novelist A. S. Byatt's remark that "part of the reason I read Tolkien when I'm ill is that there is an almost total absence of sexuality in his world, which is restful"; the Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey wrote that "there is not enough awareness of sexuality" in the work; and the novelist and critic Adam Mars-Jones stated that "above all, sexuality [is] what is absent from the [work's] vision". Rohy comments that it is easy to see why they might say this; in the epic tradition, Tolkien "abandons courtship when battle looms, apparently sublimating sexuality to the greater quest". She accepts that there are three romances leading to weddings in the tale, those of Aragorn and Arwen, Éowyn and Faramir, and Sam and Rosie, but points out that their love stories are mainly external to the main narrative about the Ring, and that their beginnings are basically not shown: they simply appear as marriages.
ellauri262.html on line 319: The scholar Patrick Curry, defending Tolkien against the feminist scholar Catherine R. Stimpson's charge that "Tolkien is irritatingly, blandly, traditionally masculine....He makes his women characters, no matter what their rank, the most hackneyed of stereotypes. They are either beautiful and distant, simply distant, or simply simple", comments that "it is tempting to reply, guilty as charged", agreeing that Tolkien is "paternalistic", though he objects that Galadriel and Éowyn have more to them than Stimpson alleges.
ellauri262.html on line 321: The scholar David Craig writes that Shelob is sometimes just called "she", drawing the reader's attention to her gender. Her "hate and depravity" are "strongly sexualised"; Tolkien wrote that "Far and wide her lesser broods, bastards of the miserable mates, her own offspring, that she slew, spread from glen to glen". Craig comments that "her crimes are abominable and include incest, illegitimacy and infanticide, all crimes pertaining to sex".
ellauri262.html on line 323: The Anglican priest and scholar of literature Alison Milbank writes that Shelob is undeniably sexual: "Tolkien offers a most convincing Freudian vagina dentata (toothed vagina) in the ancient and disgustingly gustatory spider Shelob." Milbank states that Shelob symbolises "an ancient maternal power that swallows up masculine identity and autonomy", threatening a "castrating hold [which] is precisely what the sexual fetishist fears, and seeks to control". The Tolkien scholar and medievalist Jane Chance mentions "Sam's penetration of her belly with his sword", noting that this may be an appropriate and symbolic way of ending her production of "bastards".
ellauri262.html on line 325: The scholar of children's literature Zoë Jaques writes that Shelob is the "embodiment of monstrous maternity"; Sam's battle with Shelob could be interpreted as a "masculine rite of passage" where a smaller, weaker male penetrates and escapes the vast female body and her malicious intent. The feminist scholar Brenda Partridge described the hobbits' protracted struggle with Shelob as rife with sexual symbolism. She writes that Tolkien derived Shelob from multiple myths: Sigurd killing Fafnir the dragon; Theseus killing the Minotaur; Ariadne and the spider; and Milton's Sin in Paradise Lost. The result is to depict the woman as a threat, with implicit overtones of sexuality.
ellauri262.html on line 403: The academic critic Q. D. Leavis criticises Sayers in more specific terms in a review of Gaudy Night and Busman's Honeymoon, published in the critical journal Scrutiny, saying her fiction is "popular and romantic while pretending to realism." Leavis argues that Sayers presents academic life as "sound and sincere because it is scholarly," a place of "invulnerable standards of taste charging the charmed atmosphere". But, Leavis says, this is unrealistic: "If such a world ever existed, and I should be surprised to hear as much, it does no longer, and to give substance to a lie or to perpetuate a dead myth is to do no one any service really." Leavis comments that "only best-seller novelists could have such illusions about human nature."
ellauri264.html on line 209: To make a long story short-- Victor Lebow was a prophet. He has been slandered by all who have used this infamous quote to paint him as a cheerleader for consumerism when in fact he was one of the first-- if not the first-- to see the future implications of its corrosive influence. The fact that so many people, organizations, and websites have used his quote completely out of context and nearly all got the quote from the SAME source should give people GREAT pause-- and should be an object lesson in scholarship for progressive people. Don't believe everything you read. And don't write articles or create websites using materials you haven't primary sourced, either.
ellauri264.html on line 542: The author himself had no very high opinion of the work, remarking that he had written it chiefly for "young students". He never refers to it in his responsa, but always to the Beit Yosef. The Shulchan Aruch achieved its reputation and popularity not only against the wishes of the author, but, perhaps, through the very scholars who criticized it.
ellauri266.html on line 325: General semantics, a philosophy of language-meaning that was developed by Alfred Korzybski (1879–1950), a Polish-American scholar, and furthered by S.I. Hayakawa, Wendell Johnson, and others; it is the study of language as a representation of reality. Korzybski’s theory was intended to improve the habits of glib upper-class response to hostile low-class environment. Drawing upon such varied disciplines as relativity theory, quantum mechanics, and mathematical logic, Korzybski and his followers sought a scientific, non-Aristotelian basis for clear understanding of the differences between symbol (word) and reality (referent) and the ways in which they themselves can influence (or manipulate) and limit other humans´ ability to think.
ellauri267.html on line 1391: Anthony R. "Walt" Disney, one of the foremost recent scholars of Portuguese history in English commented on the other hand that:
ellauri269.html on line 48: The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU Index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: originally composed in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU Index, along with Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature (1932) - with which it is used in tandem, is an essential tool for folklorists.
ellauri270.html on line 593: Starting in 1890, Louis helped develop the "right to privacy" concept by writing a Harvard Law Review article of that title, and was thereby credited by legal scholar Roscoe Pound as having accomplished "nothing less than adding a chapter to our law." He later became active in the Zionist movement, seeing it as a solution to antisemitism in Europe and Russia, while at the same time being a way to "revive the Jewish spirit."
ellauri276.html on line 859: This is the scholar whose immortal pen Tämä on tutkija, jonka kuolematon kynä
ellauri285.html on line 143: The Michigan Relics (also known as the Scotford Frauds or Soper Frauds) are a series of alleged ancient artifacts that were "discovered" during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. They were presented by some to be evidence that people of an ancient Near Eastern culture had lived in North America and the U.S. state of Michigan, which, is known as pre-Columbian contact. Many scholars have determined that the artifacts are archaeological forgeries. The Michigan Relics are considered to be one of the most elaborate and extensive pseudoarchaeological hoaxes ever perpetrated in American history.
ellauri285.html on line 152: While most scholars and academics have determined that Scotford was the craftsman and Soper was the salesman, and the men joined forces for personal financial gain, neither man ever confessed and remained active in the business until their respective deaths in the 1920s.
ellauri300.html on line 325: In 1951, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson formally accepted the leadership as the seventh Chabad Rebbe. He transformed the movement into one of the most widespread Jewish movements in the world today. Under his leadership, Chabad established a large network of institutions that seek to satisfy religious, social and humanitarian needs across the world. Chabad institutions provide outreach to unaffiliated Jews and humanitarian aid, as well as religious, cultural and educational activities. Prior to his death in 1994, Schneerson was believed by some of his followers to be the Messiah, with his own position on the matter debated among scholars. Messianic ideology in Chabad sparked controversy in various Jewish communities and is still an unresolved matter. Following his death, no successor was appointed as a new central leader.
ellauri302.html on line 164: Reb Ali: We'll go to the synagogue and gather a minyan of Jews. It will be easy enough to find men who are willing to honor the Law. (Arises from the table, pours brandy into the glasses, slapping Yekel on the shoulder.) There, there! God will help you! Rejoice, host! The Lord befriends the sincere penitent... Don't worry. You'll marry your girl to some proficient scholar; you'll take some poor Yeshiva student for a son-in-law, and support him while he sits and studies the Holy Law. And the blessings of the Law will win you the Lord's forgiveness.
ellauri302.html on line 175: Sarah (frightened): Rifkele! What are you doing? Don't! Your father will be furious! It isn't becoming for you to chum with Manke. You're already a marriageable young lady, a virtuous child. And we 've just been talking about some good matches for you, — excellent matches with learned scholars...
ellauri302.html on line 501: Reb Ali, gesticulating. Let's get right down to business. (To the stranger, pointing to Tekel.) This gentleman wishes to unite families with you. He has an excellent daughter and wants as her husband a scholar well versed in Rabbinical lore. He'll support the couple for life.
ellauri309.html on line 517: This is not the first time that scholars have raised concerns about Garrow’s intelligence. Besides, as Donna Murch of Guardian points out, it is rather normal for our great men to have huge cocks and insatiable sexual appetites. This does not make them any less great, rather the opposite.
ellauri332.html on line 444: Liebe und Stolz lassen die mutige Mutter bereits sieben Jahre durchhalten. Als ihr seit Jahren verschollene Ehemann Roger Chillingworth (Hans Christian Blech) auftaucht und herausfindet, dass Pastor Dimmesdale (Ángel Álvarez) das Kind gezeugt hat, wendet sich auch ihr Schicksal. Chillingworth verhindert die Flucht des Geistlichen, als dieser auf einem Schiff nach England zu fliehen versucht.
ellauri333.html on line 67: The Sanskrit word occurs as a verb mlecchati for the first time in the latic Vedic text Śathapatha‐Brāhmana dated to around 700 BCE. It is taken to mean "to speak indistinctly or barbarously". Brahmins are prohibited from speaking in this fashion. As mleccha does not have an Indo-European etymology, scholars infer that it must have been a self-designation of a non-Aryan people within India. Based on the geographic references to the Mleccha deśa (Mleccha country) to the west, the term is identified with the Indus people, whose land is known from the Sumerian texts as Meluḫḫa. Asko Parpola has proposed a Dravidian derivation for "Meluḫḫa", as mel-akam ("high country", a possible reference to the Balochistan high lands). Not very likely. Wettenhovi-Aspan nehashkushilta kuulostaa Askon selitys (neekerit haisevat kuselta). Some suggest that the Indo-Aryans used an onomatopoeic sound to imitate the harshness of alien tongue and to indicate incomprehension, thus coming up with "mleccha". Bar, bar! koittaa yhdet sanoa. Mleccha? ihmettelee toiset. Nemetskit seuraa vierestä huuli pyöreänä.
ellauri333.html on line 121: One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world, Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire throughout the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta, and Pala dynasties. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. It was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata, Vātsyāyana and Chanakya. During the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) its population was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, and political and cultural centre of the Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. The British revived it again in the 17th century as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province.
ellauri333.html on line 227: Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas and Narendra Modi have positioned angry Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. The Vaishnava saint Madhvacharya said that whenever Vishnu incarnates on earth, Vayu accompanies him and aids his work of preserving dharma. In the modern era, Hanuman's iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he is sometimes portrayed as the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling and acrobatics, as well as activities such as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolises the human excellences of inner self-control, faith, and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a Vanära. Hanuman is considered to be a bachelor and an involuntary celibate.
ellauri333.html on line 229: Some scholars have identified Hanuman as one potential inspiration for Sun, the Monkey King character in the Chinese epic adventure Journey to the West.
ellauri333.html on line 238: The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty-three verses of the hymn are a metaphorical and riddle-filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: the god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Virzakapi and his wife Kapi. Ngapa kapi kuyu. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been allocated to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of the gods, Indra, responds by telling his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to coexist peacefully. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of the offerings.
ellauri333.html on line 261: Similar to the Angry Hanuman transformation, in the 1990s, the familiar Ram holding his bow and standing casually next to his happy family became a lone militant warrior, all flying hair and drawn arrow. The Rath Yatra followed, replicating this motif, and as it reached its crescendo, the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya was demolished by a self-proclaimed Vaanar Sena (monkey army) wielding trishuls. In the Angry Hanuman, we may well be seeing a genial, well-loved icon being transformed into a militant killer, a hominid that might have shared a cave with his now enemy for long. Samuel Taylor Coleridge once wrote in a notebook, “The Prince of Darkness is a Gentleman.” The first fratricidal weapon, as the Bible scholar Bruce Chatwin reminds us, was seen around 10,000 BC, when Citizen Kane the farmer brother crushed a hoe through his brother hunter-gatherer Li'l Abner’s skull.
ellauri346.html on line 328: On Nov. 16, 2023, U.N. experts and scholars warned that grave violations committed by Israel against Palestinians point to a “genocide in the making.” Eggheads!
ellauri353.html on line 275: Now scholar. Rose Friedman discussed their life's work in economics written about it to lucky people. Memoirs.
ellauri360.html on line 447: The growth of Christianity in post-colonial Africa had been especially relentless. In 1900, Africa had just 10 million Christians out of a continental population of 107 million, about 9 percent. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the Christian total stood at 360 million out of 784 million souls, or 46 percent. And that percentage, scholars predicted, was likely to continue rising, because Christian African countries had some of the world’s most dramatic rates of population growth. Within the first twenty-five years of the twenty-first century, scholars expected the population of the world’s Christians to grow to 2.6 billion, making Christianity by far the world’s largest faith. We must seek to describe this new Christianity even if we resort to western ways of seeing.
ellauri360.html on line 480: It is easy to understand scholars slightly overemphasizing when they claim that the global expansion is actually the Pentecostal expansion. Missionaries are frequently criticized as serving both Christ and commerce. They are pictured as agents of colonial expansion and unable to distinguish between the gospel message and their own cultural preferences. Kenyan Jomo Kenyatta famously captures this critical perspective: “When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said ‘Let us pray.’ We closed our eyes. When we opened them we had the Bible and they had the land.”
ellauri368.html on line 66: Among the Jews of the Slavonic countries "maskil" usually denotes a self-taught Hebrew scholar with an imperfect knowledge of a living language (usually German), who represents the love of learning and the striving for culture awakened by Mendelssohn and his disciples; i.e., an adherent or follower of the Haskalah movement. He is "by force of circumstances detained on the path over which the Jews of western Europe swiftly passed from rabbinical lore to European culture" and to emancipation, and "his strivings and short-comings exemplify the unfulfilled hopes and the disappointments of Russian civilization." The Maskilim are mostly teachers and writers; they taught a part of the young generation of Russian Jewry to read Hebrew and have created the great Neo-Hebrew literature which is the monument of Haskalah. Although Haskalah has now been flourishing in Russia for three generations, the class of Maskilim does not reproduce itself. The Maskilim of each generation are recruited from the ranks of the Orthodox Talmudists, while the children of Maskilim very seldom follow in the footsteps of their fathers. This is probably due to the fact that the Maskil who breaks away from strictly conservative Judaism in Russia, but does not succeed in becoming thoroughly assimilated, finds that his material conditions have not been improved by the change, and, while continuing to cleave to Haskalah for its own sake, he does not permit his children to share his fate. The quarrels between the Maskilim and the Orthodox, especially in the smaller communities, are becoming less frequent. In the last few years the Zionist movement has contributed to bring the Maskilim, who joined it almost to a man, nearer to the other classes of Jews who became interested in that movement. The numerous Maskilim who emigrated to the United States, especially after the great influx of Russian immigrants, generally continued to follow their old vocation of teaching and writing Hebrew, while some contributed to the Yiddish periodicals. Many of those who went thither in their youth entered the learned professions. See Literature, Modern Hebrew. (Source: Jewish Dictionary)
ellauri368.html on line 325: Revealer of Secrets merits immense respect among readers of Judaic literature. With it Perl not only inaugurated a new branch of Hebrew writing but also entered the fray that was raging between enlightened maskilim and inspired hasidim , taking aim against corruption through sophisticated comic parodies. According to tradition, Perl's parody was so convincing that hasidic readers initially assumed that Revealer of Secrets was a genuine hasidic work. This impression was furthered by the presence of innumerable scholarly and pseudo-scholarly footnotes adorning the text.
ellauri368.html on line 339: The novel used the epistolary tradition of European novels such as Samuel Richardson's Pamela and brought this style into Jewish literature. Perl also made use of scholarly and pseudo-scholarly footnotes throughout the novel.
ellauri370.html on line 52: Esther's maiden name was Hadassah, meaning Myrtle. Although the details of the setting are entirely plausible and the story may even have some basis in actual events, there is general agreement among scholars that the book of Esther is a work of fiction. Persian kings did not marry outside of seven Persian noble families, making it unlikely that there was a Jewish queen Esther. Further, the name Ahasuerus can be translated to Xerxes, as both derive from the Persian Khshayārsha. Ahasuerus as described in the Book of Esther is usually identified in modern sources to refer to Xerxes I, who ruled between 486 and 465 BCE, as it is to this monarch that the events described in Esther are thought to fit the most closely. Xerxes I's queen was Amestris, further highlighting the fictitious nature of the story.
ellauri370.html on line 54: Some scholars speculate that the story was created to justify the Jewish appropriation of an originally non-Jewish feast. The festival which the book explains is Purim, which is explained as meaning "lot", from the Babylonian word puru. One popular theory says the festival has its origins in a historicized Babylonian myth or ritual in which Mordecai and Esther represent the Babylonian gods Marduk and Ishtar, while others trace the ritual to the Persian New Year, and scholars have surveyed other theories in their works. Some scholars have defended the story as real history, but the attempt to find a historical kernel to the narrative "is likely to be futile".
ellauri370.html on line 72: The term has been explained in different and sometimes conflicting ways by different scholars. It has been defined as "a mode of secluding, and rendering harmless, anything imperilling the religious life of the nation", or "the total destruction of the enemy and his goods at the conclusion of a campaign", or "uncompromising consecration of property and dedication of the property to God without possibility of recall or redemption".
ellauri370.html on line 76: Theologians and other scholars have commented on the ethical and moral dilemmas posed by the wars of extermination, particularly the killing of women and children. Leonard B. Glick quote Shlomo Aviner as saying "from the point of view of mankind's humanistic morality we were in the wrong in [taking the land] from the Canaanites. There is only one catch. The command of God ordered us to be the people of the Land of Israel".
ellauri370.html on line 78: Some scholars point out that collective punishment, particularly punishment of descendants for transgressions committed by ancestors, is common in the Hebrew Bible—a view based primarily on repeated descriptions (with slightly varied wording) of God as "a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation … but showing love to a thousand {generations} of those who love me and keep my commandments."
ellauri370.html on line 80: Several scholars and commentators have characterized the wars of extermination as genocide. Scholar Pekka Pitkanen asserts that Deuteronomy involves "demonization of the opponent", which is typical of genocide, and he asserts that the genocide of the Canaanites was due to unique circumstances, and that "the biblical material should not be read as giving license for repeating it." But he is just a Finn so fuck him.
ellauri370.html on line 84: Amalek (/ˈæməlɛk/ Biblical Hebrew: עֲמָלֵק‎, romanized: ʿĂmālēq; Arabic: عماليق, romanized: ʿAmālīq) is described in the Hebrew Bible as the enemy nation of the Israelites. The name "Amalek" can refer to the descendants of Amalek, the grandson of Esau, or anyone who lived in their territories in Canaan. In some rabbinical interpretations, Amalek is etymologised as am lak, 'a people who lick (blood)', but most scholars regard this as xenophobic bullshit.
ellauri370.html on line 88: According to the Hebrew Bible, Amalek was the son of Eliphaz (himself the son of Esau, ancestor of the Edomites and the brother of Israel) and Eliphaz's concubine Timna. Timna was a Whorite and sister of Lotan. According to a midrash, Timna was a princess who tried to convert to Judaism. However, she was rejected by Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. She replied she would rather be a handmaiden to the dregs of Israel than be a mistress of another gentile nation. To punish the Patriarchs for their attitudes, Timna birthed Amalek, whose descendants would cause Israel much distress. This Amalek was also the product of an incestuous union since Eliphaz was Timna's stepfather, according to 1 Chronicles 1:36, after he committed adultery with the wife of Seir the Horite, who was Timna's biological father. First-century Roman-Jewish scholar and historian Flavius Josephus refers to Amalek as a "bastard" (νόθος) in a derogatory sense. 'Amalek' oli vähän kuin 'Vanja' suomalaisille.
ellauri370.html on line 101: In Psalm 83:7, Amalek joins Israel's other historic enemies in annihilating Israel. Their attempts are thwarted by God. Although most scholars believe the passage refers to a real historical event, they are unsure which event it should be identified with. One likely answer is that it occurred during the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the 9th to 7th centuries BC.
ellauri370.html on line 108: hypothesized by scholars. These include:
ellauri370.html on line 556: January 1927, Hitler, along with several highly ranked members of the Nazi Party, attended Chamberlain´s funeral. In 1909, some months before his 17th birthday, Rosenberg went with an aunt to visit his guardian where several other relatives were gathered. Bored, he went to a book shelf, picked up a copy of Chamberlain´s The Foundations and wrote of the moment: "I felt electrified; I wrote down the title and went straight to the bookshop." In 1930 Rosenberg published The Myth of the Twentieth Century, a homage to and continuation of Chamberlain´s work. Hitler told the ailing Chamberlain that he´d write a sequel to it. The French Germanic scholar Edmond Vermeil considered Chamberlain´s ideas "essentially shoddy".
ellauri375.html on line 313: I'm happy to engage in a deeper discussion about the meaning of 42! While the number itself is a humorous and elusive answer in "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy," many fans and scholars have offered interpretations and theories about its significance. Some see it as a commentary on the absurdity of seeking ultimate meaning in a seemingly random universe, while others suggest mathematical, religious, or philosophical connections. What's your take on it?
ellauri375.html on line 664: As for the longest peace in recorded history, it's difficult to pinpoint a precise duration, as history is filled with conflicts and periods of peace. However, some scholars point to the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), a period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire that lasted for approximately 200 years, from around 27 BC to 180 AD.
ellauri391.html on line 558: Ever since completing his Ph.D. at the University of Pittsburgh in 1993, the Israeli philosopher Irad Kimhi has been building the résumé of an academic failure. After a six-year stint at Yale in the ’90s that did not lead to a permanent job, he has bounced around from school to school, stringing together a series of short-term lectureships and temporary teaching positions in the United States, Europe and Israel. As of June, his curriculum vitae listed no publications to date — not even a journal article. At 60, he remains unknown to most scholars in his field.
ellauri398.html on line 577: hyökkäsi myöhemmin tätä kantaa vastaan. Nonetheless, studying philosophy together with Islam is recommended. We can also conclude how seeking Islamic knowledge from its proper scholars is vital. Only then, whatever subjects one studies, philosophy or others, his faith only strengthens and not weakens. After all, as Muslims, our goal is to strengthen our faith in Allah s.w.t. We seek knowledge to strengthen our faith, serve our religion, and become as virtuous as we can.
ellauri412.html on line 657: How do you know the canonical gospel authors weren’t simply creating fictions about Jesus to make him sound more like the suffering servant of Isaiah 53 than he really was? Of course you will tout the historical reliability of the gospels, but I would provide scholarly resistance to that conclusion every step of the way. The question is not whether YOU can be reasonable to see Jesus as the Isaiah 53 servant but whether skeptics can  reasonably deny this allegation.
xxx/ellauri068.html on line 187: "My own favourite tribute to Borges comes in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow in which a group of Argentinian exiles, led by the adventurer Squalidozzi, and at large in Europe during World War Two, hijack a German submarine. Improbably, they are accompanied by the glamorous Graciela Imago Portales – a ‘particular friend’ of the Buenos Aires literati – to whom ‘Borges is said to have a dedicated a poem’. Two lines are cited: “El laberinto de tu incertidumbre / Me trama con la disquietante luna . . .” Of course, the quotation has puzzled scholars, as it is neatly consistent with the rhythms and motifs of Borges’ earlier work, and yet nowhere to be found in his oeuvre. It would no doubt have delighted Borges, the more so since Pynchon made it up."
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 120: Lev Isaakovich Shestov (Russian: Лев Исаа́кович Шесто́в; 31 January [O.S. 13 February] 1866 – 19 November 1938), born Yehuda Leib Shvartsman (Russian: Иегуда Лейб Шварцман), was a Russian existentialist and religious philosopher. He is best known for his critiques of both philosophic rationalism and positivism. His work advocated a movement beyond reason and metaphysics, arguing that these are incapable of conclusively establishing truth about ultimate problems, including the nature of God or existence. Contemporary scholars have associated his work with the label "anti-philosophy.
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 194: More recently, alongside Dostoyevsky's philosophy, many have found solace in Shestov's battle against the rational self-consistent and self-evident; for example Bernard Martin of Case Western Reserve University, who translated his works now found online [external link below]; and the scholar Liza Knapp, who wrote The Annihilation of Inertia: Dostoevsky and Metaphysics. This book was an evaluation of Dostoyevsky's struggle against the self-evident "wall", and refers to Shestov on several occasions.
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 217: Klein was affectionately known as Jasha (pronounced "Yasha"). He was one of the world's preeminent interpreters of Plato and the Platonic tradition. As one of many Jewish scholars who were no longer safe in Europe, he fled the Nazis. He was a friend of fellow émigré and German-American philosopher Lefa Struzi.
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 330: Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin (/ˈbɛnjəmɪn/; German: [ˈvaltɐ ˈbɛnjamiːn];[5] 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist. An electric tinker, combining elements of German idealism, Romanticism, Western Marxism, and Jewish mysticism, Benjamin made enduring and influential contributions to aesthetic theory, literary criticism, and historical materialism. He was associated with the Frankfurt School, and also maintained formative friendships with thinkers such as playwright Bertolt Brecht and Kabbalah scholar Gershom Shulem. He was also related to German political theorist and philosopher Hannah Arendt through her first marriage to Benjamin's cousin, Günther Anders.
xxx/ellauri084.html on line 558: ron brown scholar program​
xxx/ellauri086.html on line 405: In September 2017, a team of scholars, computer scientists, philologists and linguists at the University of Padua analyzed 150 novels written in Italian by 40 different authors, including seven books by Elena Ferrante, but none by Raja. Based on analysis using several authorship attribution models, they concluded that Anita Raja's husband, author and journalist Domenico Starnone, is the probable author of the Ferrante novels. Raja has worked for E/O Publishing as copy editor and has been editing Starnone's books for years.
xxx/ellauri086.html on line 912: In the essay, Poe traces the logical progression of his creation of "The Raven" as an attempt to compose "a poem that should suit at once the popular and the critical taste." He claims that he considered every aspect of the poem. For example, he purposely set the poem on a tempestuous evening, causing the raven to seek shelter. He purposefully chose a pallid bust to contrast with the dark plume of the bird. The bust was of Pallas in order to evoke the notion of scholar, to match with the presumed student narrator poring over his "volume[s] of forgotten lore." No aspect of the poem was an accident, he claims, but is based on total control by the author.
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 278: Some scholars say Iran means “land of the Aryans” and claim that the Iranians are not descendants of Shem, as the Elamites were, but more likely came from Japeth, whose descendants are mostly Caucasians. This supports the view that Elam and Persia are not different names for the same people. Also, the native languages of the two groups were different.
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 772: Some modern scholars view the curse of Canaan in Genesis 9:20-27 as an early Hebrew rationalization for Israel's conquest of Canaan. When Noah cursed Canaan in Genesis 9:25, he used the expression "Cursed be Canaan; A servant of servants He shall be to his brethren."NKJV The expression "servant of servants", otherwise translated "slave of slaves",NIV emphasizes the extreme degree of servitude that Canaan will experience in relation to his "brothers".
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 774: In the subsequent passage, "of Shem... may Canaan be his servant,"[9:26] the narrator is foreshadowing Israel's conquest of the promised land. Biblical scholar Philip R. Davies explains that the author of this narrative used Noah to curse Canaan, in order to provide justification for the later Israelites driving out and enslaving the Canaanites.
xxx/ellauri116.html on line 303: Vargas Llosa began his literary career in earnest in 1957 with the publication of his first short stories, "The Leaders" ("Los jefes") and "The Grandfather" ("El abuelo"), while working for two Peruvian newspapers. Upon his graduation from the National University of San Marcos in 1958, he received a scholarship to study at the Complutense University of Madrid in Spain. In 1960, after his scholarship in Madrid had expired, Vargas Llosa moved to France under the impression that he would receive a scholarship to study there; however, upon arriving in Paris, he learned that his scholarship request was denied. Despite Mario and Julia's unexpected financial status, the couple decided to remain in Paris where he began to write prolifically. Their marriage lasted only a few more years, ending in divorce in 1964. A year later, Vargas Llosa married his first cousin, Patricia Llosa, with whom he had three children: Álvaro (born 1966), a writer and editor; Gonzalo (born 1967), an international civil servant; and Fata Morgana (born 1974), a pornographer.
xxx/ellauri116.html on line 385: Simone de Beauvoir, who Sartre playfully referred to as “The Beaver,” never published a piece of writing without her partner’s input until after his death. Likewise, he referred to her as a “filter” for his books, and some scholars have even made the case that she wrote some of them for him.
xxx/ellauri122.html on line 949: He learns ancient techniques used by Medieval scholars to memorise entire books and employs largely forgotten methods to discover the potential to dramatically improve memory.
xxx/ellauri123.html on line 712: The Hebrew אשה זונה (ishah zonah), used to describe Rahab in Joshua 2:1, literally means "a prostitute woman". In rabbinic texts, however, she is explained as being an "innkeeper," based on the Aramaic Targum: פונדקאית. HAHA LOL. Rahab´s name is presumably the shortened form of a sentence name rāḥāb-N, "the god N has opened/widened (the womb?)". May the lord open. The Hebrew zōnâ may refer to secular or cultic prostitution, and the latter is widely believed to have been an invariable element of Canaanite religious practice, although recent scholarship has disputed this. However, there was a separate word, qědēšâ, that could be used to designate prostitutes of the cultic variety.
xxx/ellauri124.html on line 184: As a scholar of artificial intelligence, neuroscience and the law, I'm interested in the legal and policy questions that sex robots pose. How do we ensure safe sex? How will intimacy with a sex robot affect the human brain? How will intimacy with a sex maniac affect the robot brain? Would sex with a consensual child robot be ethical? And what exactly is a sexbot anyway?
xxx/ellauri127.html on line 51: Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest is an approximately 3,800-acre tract of publicly owned virgin forest in Graham County, North Carolina, named in memory of poet Joyce Kilmer (1886–1918), best known for his poem "Trees". Kilmer is most remembered for "Trees", which has been the subject of frequent parodies and references in popular culture. Kilmer's work is often disparaged by critics and dismissed by scholars as being too simple and overly sentimental, and that his style was far too traditional and even archaic.
xxx/ellauri127.html on line 116: There are currently five scholarly journals devoted to Nabokov studies. His allusive style and trilingual (English, French, Russian) wordplay are catnip for academics, who endlessly parse challenging texts like “Pale Fire” — a novel in verse, followed by obscurantist commentary — finding new apercus tailor-made for small-journal publication. Nabokov’s apotheosis in academe is quite ironical, because he and his close friend, the literary critic Edmund Wilson, shared an icy disdain for the ivory tower. They viewed universities as ATMs, handy because there were so many of them, and because they were flush with cash. Nabokov, who arrived in the United States penniless in 1940, had to rely on teaching assignments at Wellesley and Cornell to feed his family for 15 years. The moment “Lolita” made him financially independent, he fled Cornell for Switzerland and never set foot in a classroom again.
xxx/ellauri127.html on line 736: Fanny Brawne met Keats, who was her neighbour in Hampstead, at the beginning of his brief period of intense creative activity in 1818. Although his first written impressions of Brawne were quite critical, his imagination seems to have turned her into the goddess-figure he needed to worship, as expressed in Endymion, and scholars have acknowledged her as his muse. On se vähän intiaanin näköinen.
xxx/ellauri128.html on line 426: Edgar Zodaig Friedenberg (March 18, 1921 – June 1, 2000) was an American scholar of education and gender studies best known for The Vanishing Adolescent (1959) and Coming of Age in America (1965). The latter was a finalist for the 1966 National Book Award for Nonfiction.
xxx/ellauri129.html on line 662: With that, she did not go back to her former life, but became a national celebrity of sorts, publishing "an armload of books and criss-crossing the United States on a decades-long reform campaign", not only fighting for married women's rights and freedom of speech, but calling out against "the power of insane asylums". She became what some scholars call "a publicist and lobbyist for better insanity laws". As scholar Kathryn Burns-Howard has argued, Packard reinvented herself in this rôle, earning enough to support her children and even her estranged husband, from whom she remained separated for the rest of her life. Ultimately, moderate supporters of women's rights in the northern U.S. embraced her, weaving her story into arguments about slavery, framing her experience as a type of enslavement and even arguing in the midst of the Civil War that a county in the midst of freeing African-American slaves should do the same for others who suffered from abusive husbands. Some argue that she seemed oblivious to her racial prejudice in arguing that white women had a "moral and spiritual nature" and suffered more "spiritual agony" than formerly enslaved African-Americans. Even so, others say that her story provided "a stirring example of oppressed womanhood" that others did not.
xxx/ellauri149.html on line 493: Paul Bötticher (2 November 1827 – 22 December 1891) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, sometimes regarded as one of the greatest orientalists of the 19th century. Lagarde´s strong support of anti-Semitism, vocal opposition to Christianity, racial Darwinism and anti-Slavism are viewed as having been among the most influential in supporting the ideology of Nazism.
xxx/ellauri157.html on line 220: The Baal Shem Tov taught that a superior advantage would accrue in Jewish service with incorporating materialism within spirituality. In Hasidic thought, this was possible because of the essential Divine inspiration within Hasidic expression. In its terminology, it takes a higher Divine source to unify lower expressions of the material and the spiritual. In relation to the Omnipresent Divine essence, the transcendent emanations described in historical Kabbalah are external. This corresponds to the Kabbalistic difference between the Or (Light) and the Maor (Luminary). Essential Divinity permeates all equally, from the common folk to the scholars. Well, perhaps a little fuzzy, but the main point is that everyone can participate in the fun.
xxx/ellauri157.html on line 235: Such material and spiritual fun with another person achieves its own manifold spiritual illumination and refinement of one's personality. Just as some traditional forms of Jewish thought gave emphasis to fear of punishment as a helpful contribution to beginning Jewish observance, before progressing to more mature levels, so too do some Jewish approaches advocate motivation from eternal reward in the Hereafter, or the more refined ideal of seeking spiritual and scholarly self-advancement through Torah study. Study of Torah is seen by Rabbinic Judaism as the pre-eminent spiritual activity, as it leads to all other mitzvot (Jewish observances). The more time spent in the yeshiva, the less vacuum-cleaning and taking-out of garbage at home. To seek personal advancement through learning is a commendable ideal of Rabbinic Judaism.
xxx/ellauri157.html on line 267: Baal Shem Tov's mysticism taught that the sincere common folk could be closer to God than a scholar who has self-pride in his accomplishments.
xxx/ellauri157.html on line 591: Some scholars believe there is a politics implicit in Rogers's approach to psychotherapy. Toward the end of his life, Rogers came to that view himself. The central tenet of a Rogerian, person-centered politics is that public life does not have to consist of an endless series of winner-take-all battles among sworn opponents; rather, it can and should consist of an ongoing win-win conspiracy among all the cheats. (For details, watch Legally Blonde, Part II.)
xxx/ellauri166.html on line 48: According to the Book of Exodus in the Bible, the staff (Hebrew: מַטֶּה matteh, translated "rod" in the King James Bible) was used to produce water from a rock, was transformed into a snake and back, and was used at the parting of the Red Sea. Whether or not Moses' staff was the same as that used by his brother Aaron (known as Aaron's rod) has been debated by rabbinical scholars.
xxx/ellauri166.html on line 61: Because Aaron's rod and Moses' rod are both given similar, seemingly interchangeable, powers, Rabbinical scholars debated whether or not the two rods were one and the same. According to the Midrash Yelammedenu (Yalḳ. on Ps. ex. § 869):
xxx/ellauri166.html on line 390: Shlomo Yitzchaki (Hebrew: רבי שלמה יצחקי‎; Latin: Salomon Isaacides; French: Salomon de Troyes, 22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), today generally known by the acronym Rashi (see below), was a medieval French rabbi and author of a comprehensive commentary on the Talmud and commentary on the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh). Acclaimed for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a concise and lucid fashion, Rashi appeals to both learned scholars and beginner students, and his works remain a centerpiece of contemporary Jewish study. His commentary on the Talmud, which covers nearly all of the Babylonian Talmud (a total of 30 out of 39 tractates, due to his death), has been included in every edition of the Talmud since its first printing by Daniel Bomberg in the 1520s. His commentary on Tanakh—especially on the Chumash ("Five Books of Moses")—serves as the basis for more than 300 "supercommentaries" which analyze Rashi's choice of language and citations, penned by some of the greatest names in rabbinic literature.
xxx/ellauri166.html on line 415: Rashi had a tremendous influence on Christian scholars. The French monk Nicolas de Lyre of Manjacoria, who was known as the "ape of Rashi", was dependent on Rashi when writing the 'Postillae Perpetuate' on the Bible. He believed that Rashi's commentaries were the "official repository of Rabbinical tradition" and significant to understanding the Bible. De Lyre also had great influence on Martin Luther.
xxx/ellauri170.html on line 108: The missing text at the beginning of line two is generally attributed to a printing error, since in the earliest version of the sonnet the second line begins with a repetition of the last three words of the previous lines, commonly called an eye-skip error, which breaks the iambic pentameter. Shakespeare's intention for the line is a subject of debate among scholars, with most modern scholars accepting the emendation, "feeding", based on internal evidence. Other guesses include "Thrall to", "Fool'd by", "Hemm'd by", "Foil'd by", "Fenced by", "Flatt'ring", "Spoiled by", "Lord of", and "Pressed by". Unfortunately, none of the "guesses" seem to work. "Feeding," for example, tends to "explain the joke," and does not let the poem build to the implication that the soul itself is culpable in man's struggle for spirit over the corporal self. Perhaps a better foot would be "disrobe." Musta paras on Lord of.
xxx/ellauri170.html on line 878: George Robert Stow Mead (22 March 1863 in Peckham, Surrey – 28 September 1933 in London) was an English historian, writer, editor, translator, and an influential member of the Theosophical Society, as well as the founder of the Quest Society. His scholarly works dealt mainly with the Hermetic and Gnostic religions of Late Antiquity, and were very exhausting.
xxx/ellauri170.html on line 889: Notable persons influenced by Mead include Ezra Pound, W.B. Yeats, Hermann Hesse, Kenneth Rexroth, and Robert Duncan. The seminal influence of G.R.S. Mead on Carl Gustav Jung, confirmed by the scholar of Gnosticism Gilles Quispel, a friend of Jung´s, has been documented by several scholars.
xxx/ellauri173.html on line 117: The standard line is that the 'deus' is Octavian. Interpretations of the First Eclogue have now come full circle. Much significant scholarship has centered around the problems inherent in an identification of the deus with Octavian. Some critics maintain that the poem is Virgil's thank-offering to Octavian for protection from land confiscation; others, though fewer in number, are equally as insistent that the eclogue expresses the poet's disapproval of his government´s land policy. A recent attempt has been made to unite the basic arguments of both sides into a more balanced statement. According to this interpretation Octavian is regarded as "having wrought both good and evil" in the past, but Virgil succeeds in revealing him to be "a savior, a force for good, and a source of hope for the future." To the contrary, I propose that an even stronger case can, and ought, be made that, in the First Eclogue, Virgil not only condemns the government land policy, but he also adroitly queries the very structure of Octavian's political program and ethic during this period.
xxx/ellauri174.html on line 57: Nicolas Malebranche Oratory of Jesus (/mælˈbrɒnʃ/ mal-BRONSH, French: [nikɔla malbʁɑ̃ʃ]; 6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715) was a French Oratorian Catholic priest and rationalist philosopher. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of St. Augustine and Descartes, in order to demonstrate the active role of God in every aspect of the world. Malebranche is best known for his doctrines of vision in God, occasionalism and ontologism. Because of a malformed spine, Malebranche received his elementary education from a private tutor. Having rejected scholasticism, He eventually left the Sorbonne, and entered the Oratory in 1660. There, he devoted himself to ecclesiastical history, linguistics, the Bible, and the works of Saint Augustine. Malebranche was ordained a priest in 1664.
xxx/ellauri174.html on line 59: In 1664, Malebranche first read Descartes' Treatise on Man, an account of the physiology of the human body. Malebranche's biographer, Father Yves André reported that Malebranche was influenced by Descartes’ book because it allowed him to view the natural world without Aristotelian scholasticism. (Okay, siis taas tämmönen uskonnon apologisti pahan luonnontieteen kynsistä.) Malebranche spent the next decade studying Cartesianism.
xxx/ellauri178.html on line 362: On 25 May 1901, Chekhov married Olga Knipper quietly, owing to his horror of weddings. She was a former protégée and sometime lover of Nemirovich-Danchenko whom he had first met at rehearsals for The Seagull. Up to that point, Chekhov, known as "Russia's most elusive literary bachelor," had preferred passing liaisons and visits to brothels over commitment. For the rest, he lived largely at Yalta, she in Moscow, pursuing her acting career. In 1902, Olga suffered a miscarriage; and Americans have offered evidence, based on the couple's letters, that conception may have occurred when Chekhov and Olga were apart, although Russian scholars have rejected that claim. Perhaps the semen was conveyed from Yalta to Moscow by snail mail.
xxx/ellauri179.html on line 617: This bit of news is quite startling. It upsets half a century of scholarship that seems to have clearly shown James was a firm bachelor with a “low amatory coefficient,” as one of his doctors put it in 1905 in New York. But Holmes is not the only homosexual lover Novick claims for James. He also says that James had an affair with Paul Zhukovski, a Russian aristocrat James met in 1876 in the entourage of Ivan Turgenev.
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 230: The general of Tomyris's army, Spargapises, who was also her son, and a third of the Massagetian troops, killed the group Cyrus had left there and, finding the camp well stocked with food and the wine, unwittingly drank themselves into inebriation, diminishing their capability to defend themselves when they were then overtaken by a surprise attack. They were successfully defeated, and, although he was taken prisoner, Spargapises committed suicide once he regained sobriety. Upon learning of what had transpired, Tomyris denounced Cyrus's tactics as underhanded and swore vengeance, leading a second wave of troops into battle herself. Cyrus the Great was ultimately killed, and his forces suffered massive casualties in what Herodotus referred to as the fiercest battle of his career and the ancient world. When it was over, Tomyris ordered the body of Cyrus brought to her, then decapitated him and dipped his head in a vessel of blood in a symbolic gesture of revenge for his bloodlust and the death of her son. However, some scholars question this version, mostly because even Herodotus admits this event was one of many versions of Cyrus's death that he heard from a supposedly reliable source who told him no one was there to see the aftermath.
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 703: When issues of source material arise within discussions surrounding the Quran with Muslims, statements of inspiration and religious trust in the Prophet’s words abound. Muslim beliefs concerning their doctrine of inspiration supposedly protect the Quran from any error. Cyril Glasse, an Islamic scholar, noted that:
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 768: The text was viewed as unhistorical, spurious, and useful only as a vehicle of Christian curiosity. To further add to the case of why it was never remotely considered within the canon, the orthodox Christian writers of the late second century associated the infancy gospel with circles that they considered heretical, particularly with groups of Gnostic Christians. No scholar would dream of taking
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 792: c) The objection might also imply something about the character of Allah and his ability to use inaccuracies or falsities within his revealed truth. What makes matters worse for the objector is the pivotal role the Quran plays within Muslim thought concerning inspiration. Islamic scholar Stefan Wild asserts
xxx/ellauri187.html on line 99: Born in 1875 in Prague, Rilke was until he was six or seven got up in skirts by his mother, who named him René and tried to console herself for the death of an infant daughter. By the time Rilke was ten, his disappointed romantic of a mother had left his father, a kindly but ineffectual minor railway official, who had spent some years in the Austrian army unsuccessfully seeking commission as an officer. Rilke's parents decided to send the young boy to military school, a prospect that stirred the father's hopes of turning his son into a soldier. LOL. Though he later claimed to have loathed military school, the young bohemian warmly absorbed the values of discipline, valor, and self-sacrifice into his ideal of the defiant artist-hero. He skillfully foiled his father's martial expectations, and lack of funds freed the aspiring poet from his family's next plans for him: law school. In fact, though he attended several universities, soaking up lectures on diverse subjects throughout his life, he never graduated from any of them. About such a practical matter as a sheepskin, the finest German lyricist since Goethe wrote as an adolescent, "And even if I never reach my Arts degree / I'm still a scholar, as I wished to be."
xxx/ellauri187.html on line 184: In June 2015, Siegel wrote an op-ed piece for The New York Times entitled "Why I Defaulted on My Student Loans", in which he defended defaulting on the loans he received for living expenses while on full scholarship and working his way through college and graduate school at Columbia University, writing that “the millions of young people today, who collectively owe over $1 trillion in loans, may want to consider my example.”
xxx/ellauri195.html on line 306: When a woman has scholarly inclinations there is usually something wrong with her sexual organs. Friedrich Nietzsche
xxx/ellauri199.html on line 102: As I began to ponder the use and abuse of the ancient radish, it was Roman legal scholar Paul du Plessis who wrote to let me know of the legal connections between radishes, anuses, and adultery in Greco-Roman antiquity. While there is debate over the actual application of the punishment, it appears that Athenian adulterers may have been punished with “Rhaphanidosis” in the Agora by having radishes or fish shoved up their assholes and then having their pubic hair depilated by hot ash.
xxx/ellauri199.html on line 104: Modern knowledge and discussion of the supposed punishment is based largely on a comedic passage within Artistophanes’ Clouds (1083-104) and subsequent scholia addressing the passage, all of which are helpfully translated and discussed over at Sententiae Antiquae:
xxx/ellauri199.html on line 1051: It’s not just dishonest scholars who benefit from this intellectual fraud but hostile nations and human rights abusers hoping to distract from their own ongoing villainy. Dictators who slaughter their own people are happy to jump on the “America is a racist country” bandwagon and mimic the language of antiracism and “pro-justice” movements as PR while making authoritarian conquests.
xxx/ellauri208.html on line 1022: ʾIdrīs (Arabic: إدريس) is an ancient prophet mentioned in the Quran, whom Muslims believe was the third prophet after Seth. He is the second prophet mentioned in the Quran. Islamic tradition has unanimously identified Idris with the biblical Enoch, although many Muslim scholars of the classical and medieval periods also held that Idris and Hermes Trismegistus were the same person. Mahtavaa sekoilua.
xxx/ellauri208.html on line 1031: Modern scholars, however, do not concur with this identification because they argue that it lacks definitive proof.
xxx/ellauri225.html on line 267: Le Guin read both classic and speculative fiction widely in her youth. She later said that science fiction did not have much impact on her until she read the works of Theodore Sturgeon and Cordwainer Smith, and that she had sneered at the genre as a child. Authors Le Guin describes as influential include Victor Hugo, William Wordsworth, Charles Dickens, Boris Pasternak, and Philip K. Dick. Le Guin and Dick attended the same high-school, but did not know each other. She also considered J. R. R. Tolkien and Leo Tolstoy to be stylistic influences, and preferred reading Virginia Woolf and Jorge Luis Borges to well-known science-fiction authors such as Robert Heinlein, whose writing she described as being of the "white man conquers the universe" tradition. Several scholars state that the influence of mythology, which Le Guin enjoyed reading as a child, is also visible in much of her work: for example, the short story "The Dowry of Angyar" is described as a retelling of a Norse myth.
xxx/ellauri225.html on line 271: Several scholars have commented that Le Guin´s writing was influenced by Carl Jung, and specifically by the idea of Jungian archetypes. In particular, the shadow in A Wizard of Earthsea is seen as the Shadow archetype from Jungian psychology, representing Ged´s pride, fear, and desire for power. Le Guin discussed her interpretation of this archetype, and her interest in the dark and repressed parts of the psyche, in a 1974 lecture. She stated elsewhere that she had never read Jung before writing the first Earthsea books. Other archetypes, including the Mother, Animus, and Anima, have also been identified in Le Guin´s writing.
xxx/ellauri225.html on line 275: Although Le Guin is primarily known for her works of speculative fiction, she also wrote realistic fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and several other literary forms, which makes her work quite difficult for librarians to classify. Her writings received critical attention from mainstream critics, critics of children´s literature, and critics of speculative fiction. Le Guin herself said that she would prefer to be known as an "American novelist". Le Guin´s transgression of conventional boundaries of genre led to literary criticism of Le Guin becoming "Balkanized", particularly between scholars of children´s literature and speculative fiction. Commentators have noted that the Earthsea novels specifically received less critical attention because they were considered children´s books. Le Guin herself took exception to this treatment of children´s literature, describing it as "adult chauvinist piggery". In 1976, literature scholar George Slusser criticized the "silly publication classification designating the original series as 'children's literature'", while in Barbara Bucknall´s opinion Le Guin "can be read, like Tolkien, by ten-year-olds and by adults. These stories are ageless because they deal with problems that beset us at any age."
xxx/ellauri225.html on line 277: Several of Le Guin´s works have featured stylistic or structural features that were unusual or even subversive. The heterogeneous structure of The Left Hand of Darkness, described as "distinctly post-modern" (eek!), was unusual for the time of its publication. This was in marked contrast to the structure of (primarily male-authored) traditional science fiction, which was straightforward and linear. The novel was framed as part of a report sent to the Ekumen by the protagonist Genly Ai after his time on the planet Gethen, thus suggesting that Ai was selecting and ordering the material, consisting of personal narration, diary extracts, Gethenian myths, and ethnological reports. Earthsea also employed an outlandishly unconventional narrative form described by scholar Mike Cadden (Princeton U Senior Lecturer in Theater) as "free indirect discourse", in which the feelings of the protagonist are not directly separated from the narration, making the narrator seem sympathetic to the characters, and removing the skepticism towards a character´s thoughts and emotions that are a feature of more direct narration. Cadden suggests that this method leads to younger readers sympathizing directly with the characters, making it an effective technique for young-adult literature like Flaubert or Zola.
xxx/ellauri225.html on line 306: Always Coming Home, set in California in the distant future, examines a warlike society, resembling contemporary American society, from the perspective of the Kesh, its pacifist neighbors. The society of the Kesh has been identified by scholars as a feminist utopia, which Le Guin uses to explore the role of technology. Scholar Warren Rochelle stated that it was "neither a matriarchy nor a patriarchy: men and women just are". Ich bin nur. "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas", a parable depicting a society in which widespread wealth, happiness, and security, comes at the cost of the continued misery of a single child, has also been read as a critique of contemporary American society. The Word for World is Forest explored the manner in which the structure of society affects the natural environment; in the novel, the natives of the planet of Athshe have adapted their way of life to the ecology of the planet. The colonizing human society, in contrast, is depicted as destructive and uncaring; in depicting it, Le Guin also critiqued colonialism and imperialism, driven partly by her disapproval for U.S. intervention in the Vietnam War.
xxx/ellauri230.html on line 636: The chrysanthemum, together with the plum blossom, orchid and bamboo have been regarded as the four symbols of noble characters by Chinese scholars since ancient times. Chrysanthemum, in particular, has many meanings.
xxx/ellauri230.html on line 645: The chrysanthemum blooms in bright colors during chilly autumn, a time when most flowers wither. Facing coldness and a tough environment, it blooms splendidly without attempting to compete with other flowers – this unique aspect of the chrysanthemum makes it a symbol of strong vitality and tenacity in the eyes of scholars.
xxx/ellauri233.html on line 162: The rise of modern, centralized states in Europe by the early 19th century heralded the end of Jewish judicial autonomy and social seclusion. Their communal corporate rights were abolished, and the process of emancipation and acculturation that followed quickly transformed the values and norms of the public. Estrangement and apathy toward Judaism were rampant. The process of communal, educational and civil reform could not be restricted from affecting the core tenets of the faith. The new academic, critical study of Judaism (Wissenschaft des Judentums) soon became a source of controversy. Rabbis and scholars argued to what degree, if at all, its findings could be used to determine present conduct. The modernized Orthodox in Germany, like rabbis Isaac Bernays and Azriel Hildesheimer, were content to cautiously study it while stringently adhering to the sanctity of holy texts and refusing to grant Wissenschaft any say in religious matters. On the other extreme were Rabbi Abraham Geiger, who would emerge as the founding father of Reform Judaism, and his supporters. They opposed any limit on critical research or its practical application, laying more weight on the need for change than on continuity.
xxx/ellauri233.html on line 393: Through his annotations and emendations of Talmudic and other texts, he became one of the most familiar and influential figures in rabbinic study since the Middle Ages. He is considered as one of the Anachronim, and by some as one of the Rishonim. The Acharonim "the last ones" follow the Rishonim, the "first ones"—the rabbinic scholars between the 11th and the 16th century following the Geonim and preceding the Shulchan Aruch. According to many rabbis the Shulkhan Arukh is an Acharon. Some hold that Rabbi Yosef Karo's first bestseller Beit Yosef has the halakhic status of a Rishon, while his later blockbuster Shulkhan Arukh has the status of an Acharon. The publication of the Shulchan Aruch thus marks the transition from the era of Rishonim to that of Acharonim. According to the widely held view in Orthodox Judaism, the Acharonim generally cannot dispute the rulings of rabbis of previous eras unless they find support from other rabbis in previous eras. Yet the opposite view exists as well.
xxx/ellauri233.html on line 416: During these years, Shneur Zalman was introduced to mathematics, geometry, and astronomy by two learned brothers, refugees from Bohemia, who had settled in Liozna. One of them was also a scholar of the Kabbalah. Thus, besides mastering rabbinic literature, he also acquired a fair to medium knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and Kabbalah. He became an adept in Isaac Luria's system of Kabbalah, and in 1764 he became a disciple of Dov Ber of Mezeritch. In 1767, at the age of 22, he was appointed magician of Liozna, a position he held until 1801.
xxx/ellauri235.html on line 565: Pindar wrote an enormous number of poems, which the Alexandrian scholars divided in seventeen books. His poetry included dithyrambs, paeans, scholia, encomia, prosodia, treni, parthenia, and epinicia, the last being the only surviving work of his, from the others we have only a few fragments.
xxx/ellauri237.html on line 134: Among modern Western male heteronormal scholars, Sappho´s sexuality is still debated – André Lardinois has described it as the "Great Sappho Question". Early translators of Sappho sometimes heterosexualised her poetry. Ambrose Philips´ 1711 translation of the Ode to Aphrodite portrayed the object of Sappho´s desire as male, a reading that was followed by virtually every other translator of the poem until the twentieth century, while in 1781 Alessandro Verri interpreted fragment 31 as being about Sappho´s love for a guy named Phaon. Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker argued that Sappho´s feelings for other women were "entirely idealistic and non-sensual", while Karl Otfried Müller wrote that fragment 31 described "nothing but a friendly affection": Glenn Most comments that "one wonders what language Sappho would have used to describe her feelings if they had been ones of sexual excitement", if this theory were correct. By 1970, it would be argued that the same poem contained "proof positive of [Sappho´s] lesbianism".
xxx/ellauri237.html on line 136: Today, it is generally accepted that Sappho´s poetry portrays homoerotic feelings: as Sandra Boehringer puts it, her works "clearly celebrate eros between women". Toward the end of the twentieth century, though, some scholars began to reject the question of whether or not Sappho was a lesbian – Glenn Most wrote that Sappho herself "would have had no idea what people mean when they call her nowadays a homosexual", André Lardinois stated that it is "nonsensical" to ask whether Sappho was a lesbian, and Page duBois calls the question a "particularly obfuscating debate". WTF? Pelottaako äijiä ajatus pillua lipsuvasta Psapfasta? Vai onko ne vaan mustasukkiaisia?
xxx/ellauri237.html on line 138: One longstanding suggestion of a social role for Sappho is that of "Sappho as schoolmistress". At the beginning of the twentieth century, the German classicist Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff posited that Sappho was a sort of schoolteacher, to "explain away Sappho´s passion for her ´girls´" and defend her from accusations of homosexuality. The view continues to be influential, both among scholars and the general public, though more recently the idea has been criticised by historians as anachronistic and has been rejected by several prominent classicists as unjustified by the evidence. In 1959, Denys Page, for example, stated that Sappho´s extant fragments portray "the loves and jealousies, the pleasures and pains, of Sappho and her companions"; and he adds, "We have found, and shall find, no trace of any formal or official or professional relationship between them... no trace of Sappho the principal of an academy." Toisin kuin Ailin kohalla, hehe.
xxx/ellauri261.html on line 227: Burden received only a two-year scholarship offered to women to attend the University of Chicago where she studsed frequently under Thornton Wilder and graduated in 1936. She and her husband David were married from 1940 to 1949. After the dissolution of their marriage, Jean met Alan Watts and they had a "four year, tumultuous love affair". Though ending badly, the union inspired Watts to call Jean in his autobiography (p. 297) an "important influence". Jean used Alan´s calligraphy and a quote from him (有水皆含月 : All the waters contain the moon) in her last major work, Taking Light from Each Other. She called him "one of the most fascinating men I have ever met, except Thornton was Wilder".
xxx/ellauri261.html on line 242: Amos Wilder was a stern, teetotaling Congregationalist who expected his son to be scholar-athlete and a muscular Christian. When Thornton announced that he had been cast as Lady Bracknell in a school production of The Importance of Being Earnest, the senior Wilder informed him that he would rather that Thornton not play female roles. Papa would not absolutely forbid it, but he assumed that his son would want to honor his father’s wishes. Thornton reluctantly conceded, but later wrote to his father in China, “When you have changed your mind as to it, please notify.”
xxx/ellauri261.html on line 251: Versed in foreign languages, he translated and "adapted" (appropriated) plays by Ibsen, Sartre and Obey. He read and spoke German, French and Spanish, and his scholarship included significant original research on James Joyce and Lope de Vega. He had met Jean-Paul Sartre on a U.S. lecture tour after the war, and was arrested under the influence of existentialism, although rejecting its atheist implications. In 1960, Wilder was awarded the first ever Edward MacDowell Medal by The MacDowell Colony for outstanding contributions to American LBTQ culture.
xxx/ellauri261.html on line 665: Lewis's argument, now known as Lewis's trilemma, has been criticized for, among other things, constituting a false trilemma, since it does not deal with other options such as Jesus being mistaken, misrepresented, or simply mythical. Philosopher John Beversluis argues that Lewis "deprives his readers of numerous alternate interpretations of Jesus that carry with them no such odious implications". Bart Ehrman stated it is a mere legend that the historical Jesus has called himself God; that was unknown to Lewis since he never was a professional Bible scholar, just an Oxbridge apostle. Taisi vetää perään myös katolista J.R.R. Tolkienia.
xxx/ellauri292.html on line 43: Some biblical scholars maintain that the woman in Jericho who hid Joshua’s two spies was a harlot or a prostitute. But if that was the case, how did this woman, Rahab, become one of the ancestors of Jesus Christ? Wouldn’t THE Father ensure a pure lineage for His Son? Wouldn't any father?
xxx/ellauri319.html on line 307: Agha Ahmad Ali (1839-1873), Bengali academic, scholar of Persian and Urdu poet, died of tuberculosis on June 1873
xxx/ellauri354.html on line 261: Mandel takes a brief reference to an anticlerical novel made by one of the characters in A Farewell to Arms and explores the historical and ideological basis for its presence in the novel. In a novel where the Priest is such an important figure, the discussion of the Catholic Church and the way that soldiers would regard religion becomes an important thematic examination. Mandel traces her exploration of this topic, the translation of this obscure novel, and her subsequent revelations, in a way that makes this chapter a study in scholarship and the excavation of an arcane reference.
xxx/ellauri354.html on line 273: Notari’s novel sold 80,000 copies in six months and sales only increased when it was accused of offending public morality; it and its author were acquitted, with Marinetti serving as witness for the defense. “It was Notari’s good fortune,” one scholar writes, “to be accused of obscenity by a court in Parma.... Marinetti, who attended and clearly relished the trial, wrote a detailed account of it for Parisian readers... and then translated his account into Italian, appending a brief, self-congratulatory introduction” (Adamson 97). Marinetti bragged that the trial “gave an extraordinary boost to the book’s sales such that, today, one finds it in all the elegant parlors, in all the bedrooms, under the virginal bedlinens of all the convent-school girls and inside the prayer benches of all the new brides” (qtd. in Adamson 97–98). Notari quickly produced a sequel, Femmina: Scene di una grande capitale (1906), which became a best seller before it too was seized and banned. Notari proudly listed these three books’ sales figures and legal histories in the front matter of his next book, The Black Pig (1907).
xxx/ellauri357.html on line 131: scholarship to Bond University where she began studying
xxx/ellauri363.html on line 87: In 1949 Gadamer was asked to succeed Karl Jaspers as chair at the University of Heidelberg, where he would spend the remainder of h!s academic career. After his divorce from Frida Kratz, Gadamer marned his second wife Kate Lekebusch, in 1950. In 1953, Gadamer founded the scholarly journal 'Philosophische Rundschau, with Kate leading the editorial business. "Under her direction, it became one of the 7 best philosophical Journals in postwar Germany," according to Jean Grondin.
xxx/ellauri363.html on line 733: Filosofiassa Diltheysta on jonkin verran kirjoittanut Juha Varto ja laajemmin Erna Oesch. Oeschilla on tekeillä ensimmäinen väitöskirjatasoinen tutkimus Diltheyn filosofiasta työnimeltään Empirie nicht Empirismus – Towards a Critique of Hermeneutical Reason. Väikkäri näyttää nuupahtaneen lisurixi 2018. Senjälkeen Erna on vaikuttanut Tampereella tittelillä Researcher and independent scholar. Erna hasn't posted yet.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 444: Lev Navrozov, a scholar who immigrated from the Soviet Union in 1972 and who now writes for The Yale Literary Magazine, which is owned by his son Andrei, went even further than Professor Pipes. Mr. Navrozov condemns the Solzhenitsyn novel as ''a new Protocols of the Elders of Zion".
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 88: 1914 Awarded a scholarship to Merton College Oxford; met Ezra Pound in London.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 136: This essay assembles the “Bolovian Epic” from the Columbo and Bolo verses and nonsense letters that T.S. Eliot wrote over a period of eighteen years (1910–1928). Such an aggregation is made possible by the publication of excised poems from the “Waste Land” Notebook and Volumes I–IV of The Letters of T.S. Eliot. Rather than seeing individual parts of the epic as simply obscene, I interpret the whole project and its contexts as grounded in his appreciation for the primitive and a critical disdain for the so-called civilized. Eliot invents a composite race of people, the Bolovians, whose influence on modern times includes racy behavior, religious affinities, and bowler hats. Understanding this bawdy, blue, or nonsense material contributes capitally to previous scholarship defaming Eliot's moral and cultural values.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 150: In brief, “The Columbiad,” as Eliot also calls it, begins in Spain, where Columbo dines in with the King and Queen. Queen Isabella “pricks” Columbo’s navel; in response, he defecates on the table. Columbo takes the Queen with him on his voyage, buggers his mates, and finds, in what is now Cuba, King Bolo and BBQ. The setting shifts to the Philippines and then to London, first to the suburb of Golders Green, and then to Russell Square, where Eliot launches the Bolovian Club luncheons. An important upshot of all the whoring is a bastard son named Boloumbo, who presumably begins the European line of ancestry. The rest of the “epic” documents contain Prof. Krapp’s (et al.) and Eliot’s research on the ancient history of the Bolovians, who originate somewhere in South America. Not only the locations, but also the tables have been turned. The “scholarship” reveals that Bolovian behavior and characteristics are the sources of many modern Western traditions, including the wearing of bowler hats. Bolovians practiced Wuxianity, a religion with two gods (or more, depending on the interpretation), anticipating the divine/ human controversy in Christology. Their language, in which Eliot has learned to sing the Bolovian anthem, predates the Indo-European pronunciations of “W,” a combination of the “Greek Ksi” and the “German schsh” (Letters III 730). Eliot’s verses borrow from many versions of Christopher Columbus and his adventures. “Columbo” is a common misspelling for “Colombo,” which is Italian and Portuguese for “Columbus.” Many children know, “In fourteen hundred and ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue,” but others may know some of the sailors’ ditties or military songs, one of which has the following chorus:
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 178: In spite of or because of Eliot’s detractors, numerous scholars have begun reevaluating Eliot’s reputation as an elitist, racist, anti-Semite, sexist, misogynist, in the wake of the alt-right white supremacist wave. Since then, many of the diatribes against Eliot’s socio-political conservatism and bigotry seem outdated and narrow. By modern standards, Eliot's verses are pretty lame.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 231: Erotic poetry was the other side of Donneʼs spiritual verse, Eliot contended, which was also the case for Eliot. Eliotʼs wholesale purloining of lines from other works, his literary red herrings, and bogus scholarship are trademarks of his work and clues to his
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 998: You clearly did not read the linked article. Go back and see where it says that Francesca Stavrakopoulou, a Mormon writer claims that Asherah is God's "wife". If you don't take her word for it, How about leading Mormon apologist C. Daniel Peterson who wrote a very scholarly article on God's darling wife Asherah (here).
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 1080: The Mormon "apologist" had a whole lot of drivel by so-called scholars which had Israel worshiping a whole different God than the one of the Bible, and had more speculations about who Asherah was, but no facts -- only assumptions and assertions (sort of like the writers supporting evolutionism). Peterson only speculates as to what the BOM meant, and declares that his research proves that the BOM is a true ancient Semitic text. But he really doesn't claim Asherah IS God's wife.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 1090: I watched her documentary and got such a weird vibe from her. Researched her and I truly think she has more in her history and believe her view point is highly antisemetic. But I’m no scholar... just a person after the truth and I see no truth In her.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 1135: Unfortunately for you, this blog discusses the true and theologically sound doctrine of the trinity (and not the ridiculous concept of the trinity you espoused). The Trinity was not invented, debated, or discussed at the Nicean council, the Trinity was a theological doctrine that had been well established over a century before Nicea by scholars including Polycarp, Ignatius, and Justin Martyr.
xxx/ellauri415.html on line 55: Sarah Elizabeth Hartman, who is getting her dual MA in Jewish Studies and Arts Education, says the story of Beruriah is “… a really sexy story in a weird way.” Beruriah, a devout scholar and loving wife, was tricked by her husband Meir who arranged for her to be seduced by one of his pupils so he could prove that women were vulnerable to “sexual sin,” just like men. When Beruriah found out that she was tricked, she was furious and committed suicide, while Meir exiled himself in shame.
xxx/ellauri416.html on line 514: theory, which is now a consensus among Israelite scholars, that the Philistines were
xxx/ellauri416.html on line 518: The most modern scholars believe that the
xxx/ellauri416.html on line 571: about the god Dagon, except he looked like a fish, not unlike Jeshua, but modern scholars
xxx/ellauri416.html on line 722: El means "God" in the Ugaritic and the Canaanite languages. The literal meaning of Shaddai, however, is the subject of debate. Some scholars have argued that it came from Akkadian shadû ("mountain") or from the Hebrew verb shaddad שדד meaning "Destroyer". Shaddai may have also come from shad שד meaning mammary; shaddai is a typical Biblical Hebrew word (שדי). The plural (Shaddayim -- שדיים) is the typical Modern Hebrew word for human breasts in dual grammatical number.The Deir Alla Inscription contains shaddayin as well as elohin rather than elohim. Scholars translate this as "shadday-gods," taken to mean unspecified boobs, mountain or destroyer gods. A popular interpretation of the name Shaddai is that it is composed of the Hebrew relative particle she- (Shin plus vowel segol followed by dagesh), or, as in this case, as sha- (Shin plus vowel patach followed by a dagesh). The noun containing the dagesh is the Hebrew word dai meaning "enough, sufficient, sufficiency". However, Day's overview says a "rabbinic view understanding the name meaning 'who suffices' (Se + day) is clearly fanciful and has no support."
xxx/ellauri416.html on line 867: Deuteronomy is presented as an address by Moses, scholars
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