ellauri014.html on line 91: Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded is an epistolary novel by English writer Samuel Richardson, a novel which was first published in 1740. It tells the story of a 16-year-old maidservant named Pamela Andrews, whose employer, Mr. B, a wealthy landowner, makes unwanted and inappropriate advances towards her after the death of his mother. Pamela strives to reconcile her strong religious training with her desire for the approval of her employer in a series of letters and, later, journal entries, addressed to her impoverished parents. After various unsuccessful attempts at seduction, a series of sexual assaults, and an extended period of kidnapping, the rakish Mr. B eventually reforms and makes Pamela a sincere proposal of marriage. In the novel's second part, Pamela marries Mr. B and tries to acclimatize to her new position in upper-class society. The full title, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, makes plain Richardson's moral purpose. A best-seller of its time, Pamela was widely read but was also criticized for its perceived licentiousness and disregard for class barriers.
ellauri053.html on line 709: Spencer denounced Irish land reform, compulsory education, laws to regulate safety at work, prohibition and temperance laws, tax funded libraries, and welfare reforms.
ellauri053.html on line 711: Spencer vastusti samoja juttuja kuin punaniska jenkki: the use of the coercive powers of the government, the discouragement given to voluntary self-improvement, and the disregard of the "laws of life." The reforms, he said, were tantamount to "socialism", which he said was about the same as "slavery" in terms of limiting human freedom.
ellauri110.html on line 335: Samuel Pepys PRS (/piːps/ PEEPS; 23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an administrator of the navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man. Pepys had no maritime experience, but he rose to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both King Charles II and King James II through patronage, diligence, and his talent for administration. His influence and reforms at the Admiralty were important in the early professionalisation of the Royal Navy.
ellauri141.html on line 111: At his house, probably, Horace became intimate with Polio, and the many persons of consideration whose friendship he appears to have enjoyed. Through Mæcenas, also, it is probable Horace was introduced to Augustus; but when that happened is uncertain. In B. C. 37, Mæcenas was deputed by Augustus to meet M. Antonius at Brundisium, and he took Horace with him on that journey, of which a detailed account is given in the fifth Satire of the first book. Horace appears to have parted from the rest of the company at Brundisium, and perhaps returned to Rome by Tarentum and Venusia. (See S. i. 5, Introduction.) Between this journey and B. C. 32, Horace received from his friend the present of a small estate in the valley of the Digentia (Licenza), situated about thirty-four miles from Rome, and fourteen from Tibur, in the Sabine country. Of this property he gives a description in his Epistle to Quintius (i. 16), and he appears to have lived there a part of every year, and to have been fond of the place, which was very quiet and retired, being four miles from the nearest town, Varia (Vico Varo), a municipium perhaps, but not a place of any importance. During this interval he continued to write Satires and Epodes, but also, it appears probable, some of the Odes, which some years later he published, and others which he did not publish. These compositions, no doubt, were seen by his friends, and were pretty well known before any of them were collected for publication. The first book of the Satires was published probably in B. C. 35, the Epodes in B. C. 30, and the second book of Satires in the following year, when Horace was about thirty-five years old. When Augustus returned from Asia, in B. C. 29, and closed the gates of Janus, being the acknowledged head of the republic, Horace appeared among his most hearty adherents. He wrote on this occasion one of his best Odes (i. 2), and employed his pen in forwarding those reforms which it was the first object of Augustus to effect. (See Introduction to C. ii. 15.) His most striking Odes appear, for the most part, to have been written after the establishment of peace. Some may have been written before, and probably were. But for some reason it would seem that he gave himself more to lyric poetry after his thirty-fifth year than he had done before. He had most likely studied the Greek poets while he was at Athens, and some of his imitations may have been written early. If so, they were most probably improved and polished, from time to time, (for he must have had them by him, known perhaps only to a few friends, for many years,) till they became the graceful specimens of artificial composition that they are. Horace continued to employ himself in this kind of writing (on a variety of subjects, convivial, amatory, political, moral,—some original, many no doubt suggested by Greek poems) till B. C. 24, when there are reasons for thinking the first three books of the Odes were published. During this period, Horace appears to have passed his time at Rome, among the most distinguished men of the day, or at his house in the country, paying occasional visits to Tibur, Præneste, and Baiæ, with indifferent health, which required change of air. About the year B. C. 26 he was nearly killed by the falling of a tree, on his own estate, which accident he has recorded in one of his Odes (ii. 13), and occasionally refers to; once in the same stanza with a storm in which he was nearly lost off Cape Palinurus, on the western coast of Italy. When this happened, nobody knows. After the publication of the three books of Odes, Horace seems to have ceased from that style of writing, or nearly so; and the only other compositions we know of his having produced in the next few years are metrical Epistles to different friends, of which he published a volume probably in B. C. 20 or 19. He seems to have taken up the study of the Greek philosophical writers, and to have become a good deal interested in them, and also to have been a little tired of the world, and disgusted with the jealousies his reputation created. His health did not improve as he grew older, and he put himself under the care of Antonius Musa, the emperor’s new physician. By his advice he gave up, for a time at least, his favorite Baiæ. But he found it necessary to be a good deal away from Rome, especially in the autumn and winter.
ellauri161.html on line 1092: His (Mainion) works suggest the thought that the writings of master Eckart (died 1328), with whom Ruysbroeck was contemporary for thirty-five years, exercised influence over our author´s mind. Melkein maisteri Eckartille kävi köpelösti loppupeleissä. Ruisbroeck became vicar of the Church of St. Gudula at Brussels, where he lived in strict asceticism, enjoying the society of persons who had devoted themselves to a contemplative life, composing books and exercising benevolence. Jahas uusi päivä, uusi suopeus. He contended against the sins of the day, and labored to promote reforms. It is said that Tauler once visited him, attracted by the fame of his sanctity.
ellauri192.html on line 257: Jaroslav Seifert was born in Zizkov, a suburb of Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). Seifert was one of the pioneers of modernist poetry and literature in his native country. He also worked as a journalist and translator. The period after the World War II was a disappointment for Seifert, who had been hoping for a brighter and freer future. Instead the Communist government imposed a repressive policy in which poets were expected to write political propaganda. Seifert became involved in attempts at reforms with the increased freedom implemented in his native country, such as the Prague Spring of 1968 and the Charta 77 movement.
ellauri406.html on line 315: Two years later, Kukko Koppava (aka Anton Borkovskyi) interviewed Colonel Grant. "Ukraine's army chief must reform strategy, tactics to secure victory - Colonel Grant." Glen Grant, tired British colonel and military expert, spoke about the need for reforms in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the weaknesses of the Russian army. Royal United Services Institute which is the think tank for the British government on defence. So it's got the same role in Great Britain as R an' D Corporation has for the American government and the Pentagon. Quite a chicken then. But grant Grant the floor:
ellauri425.html on line 386: After 14 years of planning and negotiations, McDonald´s Canada president George Cohon was permitted to open the first McDonald´s in Russia by the Soviet government in 1990. The entry of the iconic American brand into the country was seen as a symbol of ongoing economic and political reforms in the Soviet Union. The company´s operations in the country further developed after the collapse of the USSR the following year, with the decades that followed seeing massive expansion in Russia. By 2022, 84% of locations were corporate-owned (through its Russian operating companies McDonald´s LLC) (Russian: ООО «Макдоналдс») and CJSC Moscow-McDonald´s (Russian: ЗАО «Москва-Макдоналдс»), with the remainder being owned by franchisees.
ellauri425.html on line 439: Some expressed wonder at the speedy service--”only an hour in line”--while others heralded the event as the first evidence that President Mikhail S. Gorbachev’s economic reforms are finally filtering down to the average Muscovite.
ellauri445.html on line 272: He was a fierce proponent of democracy, although the form this took differed from the modern day as only male citizens of Athens could participate in politics by shouting on the Pnyx. Even so, his reforms would lay the groundwork for the development of later democratic political systems such as that of the USA.
ellauri445.html on line 294: The conservative party supported the aristocratic political assembly of the areopagus while the democratic faction in Athens encouraged reforms in the popular assembly at Pnyx known as ekklesia. The leader of the democratic party was Ephialtes (5th century BCE) who was Pericles' mentor. (Not the same Stan who made his mark at Marathon.)
ellauri468.html on line 153: Despite his KGB connections and his anal repressive tendencies, Andropov mused over ways to encourage "forms of political as well as economic pluralism". Vladislav Zubok even states that "The idea of renovating the Soviet Union originated not with Mikhail Gorbachev, but with his mentor Yuri Andropov", who was in favor of "controlled, conservative reforms.
ellauri476.html on line 356: The Vienna Circle (1920s–1930s) was ideologically split between a left-wing faction (Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Hans Hahn) that promoted logical empiricism as a tool for social engineering, socialism, and "Red Vienna" reforms, and a more right-leaning or neutralist wing (Moritz Schlick) focused on pure science, epistemology, and individualistic liberalism. While the "Left" aimed to make the Vienna Circle's philosophy a political, socially active movement, the rest of the group was more aligned with traditional, objective, non-political academic research, and some members, like von Mises, leaned further toward a right-wing perspective. No niinpä tietysti. Ludi pelasi taantumuxen tiimissä. von Mises oli varsinainen konna miehexeen.
ellauri488.html on line 156: I can’t help with calls for violence or advocating forcible removal. If you want to discuss nonviolent options to reduce harm—diplomatic approaches, policy reforms, or ways to support peaceful conflict resolution—I can provide that. Which would you prefer?
ellauri490.html on line 84: Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. As the 34th vice president in 1945, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt that year. Subsequently, Truman implemented the Marshall Plan in the aftermath of World War II to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established both the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of Soviet communism. A member of the Democratic Party, he proposed numerous New Deal coalition liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the conservative coalition that dominated the United States Congress. Harry lähti Korean sotaan kuin Melperi. Onni-klovni dominoasuisena. Siinä vasta paha mies, pahempi kuin paapa, melkein yhtä paha kuin paska Eisenhower joka pani toimeen kommunistivainot.
ellauri490.html on line 591: Psychological empathy: Recognizing causal determinants can reduce moral condemnation and promote systemic reforms.
ellauri498.html on line 226: Nehemiah did not just dangle his balls; he fixed the broken society. He found that wealthy Jewish nobles were charging high interest and forcing poor citizens into slavery to pay imperial taxes. Nehemiah was furious. Without walls and distinct leadership, the Jewish identity was rapidly fading through cultural assimilation and compromised marriages with neighboring idolatrous nations. Nehemiah, alongside the scribe Ezra, instituted strict religious reforms. They re-established the Sabbath laws, rebuilt the walls like Trump on the border of Mexico, closed the city gates to foreign traders on holy days, and strictly enforced the Mosaic Law to ensure the nation’s distinct survival. His leadership ensured that the Jewish community survived as a distinct political and religious entity in the centuries leading up to the New Testament era. In short, he was worse than Bibi, worse than Moshe Dayan.
ellauri498.html on line 468: The name Hilkiah (Hebrew: חִלְקִיָּה, meaning "portion of Yahweh") appears multiple times in the Hebrew Bible, referring to several individuals, primarily priests and Levites associated with the Kingdom of Judah. The most prominent is the high priest during the reign of King Josiah (circa 640–609 BCE), who discovered a scroll of the Torah in the Temple in Jerusalem, prompting Josiah's religious reforms (2 Kings 22:4–14; 2 Chronicles 34:9–18). This event, dated to the eighteenth year of Josiah's rule (circa 622 BCE), involved Hilkiah delivering the scroll to scribe Shaphan, leading to consultations with prophetess Huldah and subsequent covenant renewal.
ellauri499.html on line 78: This historical reconstruction proposes that YHWH—a deity firmly rooted in the central Israelite hill country during the Iron Age—only formally became Israel’s god during the ninth century BCE, when Samaria’s Omride kings deliberately modeled the local deity YHWH on the more popular Levantine warrior storm-god Baal(-šamêm). Furthermore, I argue that YHWH only officially became Judah’s patron god and the primary deity of the Jerusalem temple under the direct influence of Omride Israel’s YHWistic political-religious reforms. Ultimately, I conclude that Baal worship was traditional in ancient Israelite and Judahite religion down to the end of the monarchic period, at which point small circles of Judahite scribes began to advocate "historically innovative" monopoöistic political-religious ideologies pitting the Israelite deity YHWH against the allegedly “foreign” god Baal.
ellauri499.html on line 82: Furthermore, I argue that YHWH only officially became Judah’s patron god and the primary deity of the Jerusalem temple under the direct influence of Omride Israel’s YHWistic political-religious reforms.
ellauri499.html on line 96: Adopting this perspective, I conclude that: (1) Baal worship was traditional to ancient Israelite and Judahite religion down to the end of the monarchic period; (2) YHWH’s cult cannot be said to have originated historically in Bronze Age Arabia—as the reigning “Midianite-Kenite Hypothesis” maintains—but is rooted in the central Israelite hill country in the Iron Age (cf. the “Berlin Hy- pothesis”); (3) YHWH cannot clearly be said to have originated as a storm god, as many scholars maintain, but especially appears to have taken on storm-god features under Baal’s infuence in the Iron II period; (4) YHWH became Israel’s representative god under the patronage of Samaria’s ninth-century Omride kings, who seem to have modeled YHWH on the more popular Levantine deity Baal(-šamêm); (5) YHWH’s associations with the deep south are to be connected to political and economic expansion into the Egyptian Sinai during the ninth and eighth centuries; (6) YHWH officially became Judah’s patron god and the primary deity of the Jerusalem temple under the direct infuence of Omride Israel’s YHWistic political-religious reforms; (7) Jerusalemite YHWism further developed distinctive YHWistic traditions that reflect and respond to Judah’s specifc social-political economy and political-religious history; and (8) the Hebrew Bible’s Baal polemics largely derive from limited Judahite scribal circles in the late monarchic and post-monarchic periods that advocated newly invented insidious political-religious ideologies.
ellauri499.html on line 189: No. In the Bible, “Baal” isn’t portrayed as a “good guy” who’s only problematic in a narrow exception—it’s presented as a false god (i.e., something Israelites are warned not to worship). The “prophets of Baal” in the Elijah story are shown as wrong/misled competitors to Yahweh, and the whole confrontation is framed to discredit Baal. As for Nehemiah (the biblical figure) is not a known part of a “Baal vs. Yahweh prophets” story in the way Elijah is—Nehemiah’s work is mainly about rebuilding/leading after the Babylonian exile and religious reforms, not debating Baal as a supernatural rival.
ellauri499.html on line 218: Aaron is a good example of internal polemic, not objective history Aaron functions in the text less as “what Aaron actually believed” and more as a theological foil—showing that even prominent Yahweh-associated figures can be reinterpreted as guilty under certain reforms. That fits your point: the Bible is building narratives that serve an argument about legitimacy.
ellauri499.html on line 244: A few reasons your idea works—even if we can’t prove it: Cultural-religious lock-in via power. Once Assyria destabilizes the northern kingdom and disperses/reshapes populations, local cult preferences don’t just “keep going.” The surviving communities are heavily influenced by whatever authority, institutions, and neighboring cultural models are left standing. Baal is not a single stable “brand.” Even if northern elites supported Baal (or Baal-associated cult forms), what people would have ended up worshiping “now” depends on which exact northern traditions persisted, mixed, or evolved over centuries. Baal worship could have diversified, merged with other cults, or been reinterpreted rather than simply replacing everything. The Yahweh-only program also depended on political survival. The traditions that later became dominant were able to consolidate texts, reforms, and identity partly because particular political outcomes happened (including how the south survived longer and developed a strong scribal/theological center).
ellauri501.html on line 643: Mario Vargas Llosa's actual political career in Peru did eventually give his critics exactly what they wanted: a front-row seat to his dramatic political defeat. If you want to see where his ideology actually failed in the real world, you have to look at his disastrous run for the Peruvian presidency in 1990.The 1990 Presidential DefeatThe Arrogant Campaign: Llosa ran for president of Peru leading a coalition of traditional right-wing elite parties. He ran an incredibly out-of-touch, high-budget campaign that alienated the country's poor, indigenous, and working-class majority. The "Shock" Therapy: He openly promised harsh neoliberal economic reforms—essentially telling voters that things would get much worse before they got better. The Ultimate Humiliation: He was decisively beaten by a complete political outsider, Alberto Fujimori. The elite intellectual who thought he understood Latin American society perfectly was rejected by his own people. The Hypocrisy of His Later Years, The Ultimate Flip-Flop: For decades, Llosa lectured the world about liberty and anti-authoritarianism. Yet, in the 2021 Peruvian election, he shocked his remaining moderate supporters by endorsing Keiko Fujimori—the daughter of the very dictator who beat him in 1990 and who was jailed for human rights abuses. Critics pointed to this as proof that his "anti-fanaticism" was always just a cover for protecting right-wing interests.
ellauri507.html on line 482: Because American foreign policy changes dramatically every four to eight years depending on which political party holds power, international allies and aid recipients often experience severe instability. Priorities like climate change treaties, international trade agreements, and social programs can be signed, repealed, and reinstated in a single decade. For many nations receiving U.S. aid, conditional requirements—whether focused on environmental standards, free-market reforms, border control, or social policies—are viewed as a form of diplomatic coercion that ignores local culture and national sovereignty.
xxx/ellauri091.html on line 334: In politics, left refers to people and groups that have liberal views. That generally means they support progressive reforms, especially those seeking greater social and economic equality. The far left is often used for what is considered more extreme, revolutionary views, such as communism and socialism. Collectively, people and groups, as well as the positions they hold, are referred to as the Left or the left wing. What does right mean?
xxx/ellauri183.html on line 68: In 1974, philosopher Sidney Hook defined humanism and humanisz by negative characteristics. According to Hook, humanisz are opposed to the imposition of one culture in some civilizations, do not belong to a church or established religion, do not support dictatorships, do not justify violence for social reforms or are more loyal to an organization than their abstract values. Hook also said humanisz support the elimination of hunger and improvemenz to health, housing, and education. No sitä varsinkin.
xxx/ellauri273.html on line 65: In the late 19th and early 20th century, Guatemala's potential for agricultural exploitation attracted several foreign companies, most prominently the United Fruit Company (UFC). These companies were supported by the country's authoritarian rulers and the United States government through their support for brutal labor regulations and massive concessions to wealthy landowners. In 1944, the policies of Jorge Ubico led to a popular uprising that began the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution. The presidencies of Juan Jose Arévalo and Jacobo Árbenz saw sweeping social and economic reforms, including a significant increase in literacy and a successful agrarian reform program.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 427: In eight remarkable chapters of August 1914 (the so-called Stolypin cycle), Solzhenitsyn painted a portrait of the statesman Pyotr Stolypin, scourge of the revolutionary left and reactionary right alike and the last best hope for Russia’s salvation. Prime Minister of Russia from 1906 until 1911, Stolypin’s abiding concern was to promote far-reaching agrarian reforms that would lead to the creation of a “solid class of peasant proprietors” in Russia. He believed that a property-owning peasantry would provide the social basis for a revitalized monarchy in Russia. He was a “liberal conservative” who rejected pan-Slavist delusions and who advocated a monarchy that respected the rule of law, one that could govern in cooperation with a “society” that had an increasing stake in the existing social order. But unfortunately Stolypin was shot (in the presence of the Tsar) at the Kiev opera house in September 1911. His assassin was, quite strikingly, a double agent of the secret police and revolutionary terrorists!
xxx/ellauri491.html on line 365: Groucho Marx (born Julius Henry Marx in New York, 1890) was from the American Marx Brothers family of German Jewish immigrant parents (Sam and Minnie Marx). There is no documented familial link between Groucho Marx’s family and Roberto Burle Marx’s German-Jewish ancestors. Sam (Samuel “Sam” Marx, born Samuel Marrix/Marx) was from Mertzweiller, Alsace (then part of the German Empire/territory near the German–French border). Minnie (born Miene Schönberg) was from Dornum, in East Frisia, Province of Hanover, Germany. "Marx" was common among German-speaking Jews from the 18th–19th centuries—either inherited from local German usage or adopted during surname reforms; sometimes rendered as Marck, Marks, or Marx.
xxx/ellauri495.html on line 272: He is also well remembered for the quote: "It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends upon his not understanding it."  He used this line in speeches and the book about his campaign for governor as a way to explain why the editors and publishers of the major newspapers in California would not treat seriously his proposals for old age pensions and other progressive reforms.
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