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ellauri030.html on line 696: Although most people value humor, philosophers have said little about it, and what they have said is largely critical.
ellauri038.html on line 154: As for why this deserves to be called philosophy, it depends on how we define the term. There were philosophers at Athens besides Socrates and Plato, who didn’t oppose philosophy to rhetoric and for whom personal authority was essential to their teaching. Nietzsche aimed to bring that back, at least in his own case – which is the only one that really mattered to him.
ellauri046.html on line 266: Kierkegaard is known for many things. . . . He is not, however, generally known for his humor. Who might reasonably be nominated as the funniest philosopher of all time? With this anthology, Thomas Oden provisionally declares Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855)--despite his enduring stereotype as the melancholy, despairing Dane--as, among philosophers, the most amusing.
ellauri046.html on line 351: His master-work Either/Or is odd. It uses a selection of pseudonyms to present and contrast what are supposed to be the papers of a sensual or 'aesthetic' young man called 'A' and a sternly ethical and religious judge 'B', reflecting on the meaning and value of existence, boredom, drama, luck, fate, choice and Mozart. It is considered to be the foundation of the 'Existential' way of thinking - with its concentration on the absolute necessity of choosing and inventing one's self - and was highly influential on writers like WH Auden, Jorge Luis Borges, JD Salinger and John Updike as well as, famously, the philosophers John-Paul Sartre and Friedrich Nietzsche.
ellauri053.html on line 537: Christopher Ricks wrote of this book, "provided this gets clearing from the philosophers, we shall at last have a compact, cogent and humane justification of criticism as a rational process." Paskanmarjat Casey oli niin konservatiivi katoliikki eze diggas jopa islamia. Ja lysytti muuteskin naisia.
ellauri077.html on line 849: Why is it that it´s the hierarchically oriented types that want to feel there is something bigger than themselves? Religious types, patriots, all sorts of bigots and fundamentalists? Lots and lots of authors and philosophers, including David Foster Wallace.
ellauri078.html on line 34: Infinity is something we are introduced to in our math classes, and later on we learn that infinity can also be used in physics, philosophy, social sciences, etc. Infinity is characterized by a number of uncountable objects or concepts which have no limits or size. This concept can be used to describe something huge and boundless. It has been studied by plenty of scientists and philosophers of the world, since the early Greek and early Indian epochs. In writing, infinity can be noted by a specific mathematical sign known as the infinity symbol (∞) created by John Wallis, an English mathematician who lived and worked in the 17th century.
ellauri080.html on line 486: This is the primary basis for the philosophical conflicts between Fe/Ti and Te/Fi. This is demonstrated nicely by two quotes from famous philosophers representing each worldview:
ellauri096.html on line 67: In response to the apparent conflict between freedom and foreknowledge, medieval philosophers denied that future contingent propositions have a truth-value. That´s silly. They took themselves to be extending a solution Aristotle discusses in De Interpretatione to the problem of logical fatalism. According to this truth-value gap approach, ‘You will take a dump tomorrow’ is not true now. The prediction will become true tomorrow. A morally serious theist can agree with the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam:
ellauri096.html on line 102: Science is about what is the case rather than what ought to be case. This seems to imply that science does not tell us what we ought to believe. The traditional way to fill the normative gap is to delegate issues of justification to epistemologists. However, Quine is uncomfortable with delegating such authority to philosophers. He prefers the thesis that psychology is enough to handle the issues traditionally addressed by epistemologists (or at least the issues still worth addressing in an Age of Science). This “naturalistic epistemology” seems to imply that ‘know’ and ‘justified’ are antiquated terms – as empty as ‘phlogiston’ or ‘soul’.
ellauri096.html on line 138: Very elegant! But if joint inconsistency is rationally tolerable, why do these philosophers bother to offer solutions? Why is it not rational to believe each of (1)–(4), despite their joint inconsistency?
ellauri096.html on line 186: But the skeptic should not lose his nerve. Proof does not always yield knowledge. Consider a student who correctly guesses that a step in his proof is valid. The student does not know the conclusion but did prove the theorem. His instructor might have trouble getting the student to understand why his answer constitutes a valid proof. The intransigence may stem from the prover’s intelligence rather than his stupidity. L. E. J. Brouwer is best known in mathematics for his brilliant fixed point theorem. But Brouwer regarded his proof as dubious. He had philosophical doubts about the Axiom of Choice and Law of Excluded Middle. Brouwer persuaded a minority of mathematicians and philosophers, known as intuitionists, to emulate his inability to be educated by non-constructive proofs.
ellauri096.html on line 223: The cautious draw a conditional moral: If there are actual unknown truths, there are unknowable truths. After all, some philosophers will reject the antecedent because they believe there is an omniscient being.
ellauri096.html on line 225: But secular idealists and logical positivists concede that there are some actual unknown truths. How can they continue to believe that all truths are knowable? Astonishingly, these eminent philosophers seem refuted by a pinch of epistemic logic. Also injured are those who limit their claims of universal knowability to a limited domain. For instance, Immanuel Kant (A223/B272) asserts that all empirical propositions are knowable. This pocket of optimism would be enough to ignite the contradiction (Stephenson 2015).
ellauri096.html on line 233: Those who believe that the Church-Fitch result is a genuine paradox can respond to Williamson with paradoxes that accord with common sense (and science –and religious orthodoxy). For instance, common sense heartily agrees with the conclusion that something exists. But it is surprising that this can be proved without empirical premises. Since the quantifiers of standard logic (first order predicate logic with identity) have existential import, the logician can deduce that something exists from the principle that everything is identical to itself. Most philosophers balk at this simple proof because they feel that the existence of something cannot be proved by sheer logic. Likewise, many philosophers balk at the proof of unknowables because they feel that such a profound result cannot be obtained from such limited means.
ellauri097.html on line 430: There’s a sense in which all philosophers except Nietzsche have been theologians in disguise, in that they all claimed to be selfless, altruistic seekers of truth and goodness. Socrates, Nietzsche thought, was really doing what was good for him when he claimed that it would be good for everyone to examine their lives. It’s only with Nietzsche – in Nietzsche’s view, that is – that the philosopher removes his mask and publicly proclaims that his philosophical activity is in the service of his will to power. Nietzsche with his drooping mustache was actually less gay than Immanuel Kant.
ellauri117.html on line 620: Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. Lipilaari kusipäitä koko konkkaronkka. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate, or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. Eli tääkin vielä.
ellauri119.html on line 424: Ancient Greek philosophers identified no less than six forms of love: essentially, familial love (in Greek, storge), friendly love or platonic love (philia), romantic love (eros), self-love (philautia), guest love (xenia) and divine love (agape). Plus a zillion learned words for different kinds of paraphilia. But that's nothing yet compared to the hindoos [below] who have words for love like the Eskimos for ice cream.
ellauri119.html on line 736: Both you and Rand are unaware that our founders were heavily influenced by Greek philosophers who proposed the notion of civic virtue. Civic virtue is the view that the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the one (Atlas with the world on his shoulders). All libertarians are selfish because their concern is their own liberty and the hell with society.
ellauri146.html on line 686: started with the queerest idea conceivable, viz; that all men are born free and equal-this in the very teeth of the laws of gradation so visibly impressed upon all things both in the moral and physical universe. Every man “voted,” as they called it-that is to say, meddled with public affairs-until, at length, it was discovered that what is everybody’s business is nobody’s, and that the “Republic” (as the absurd thing was called) was without a government at all. It is related, however, that the first circumstance which disturbed, very particularly, the self-complacency of the philosophers who constructed this “Republic,” was the startling discovery that universal suffrage gave opportunity for fraudulent schemes….A little reflection upon this discovery sufficed to render evident the consequences, which were that rascality must predominate— in a word, that a republican government could never be anything but a rascally one. While the philosophers, however, were busied in blushing at their stupidity in not having foreseen these inevitable evils, and intent upon the invention of new theories, the matter was put to an abrupt issue by a fellow of the name of Mob, who took everything into his own hands and set up a despotism…. As for republicanism, no analogy could be found for it upon the face of the earth—unless we except the case of the “prairie dogs,” an exception which seems to demonstrate, if anything, that democracy is a very admirable form of government—for dogs.
ellauri150.html on line 502: Learn of the philosophers always to look for natural causes in all extraordinary events; and when such natural causes are wanting, recur to God". - Count de Gabalis (n.h.) "I did not take the wrong exit." "This cannot be an Eclipse." Panin kääntämisen opiskelijat tekemään Eclipsellä XML- konversioita. Ei ois kannattanut.
ellauri151.html on line 443: The philosophers have always given truth a bill of divorce, by separating what nature has joined together and vice versa. Help us translate this quote
ellauri152.html on line 749: When Zeiltin turned 15, his father died and he decided to become a Hebrew teacher. His exit from the world of the Yeshiva exposed him to the works of the scholars of the Enlightenment. He began studying in earnest the works of both Jewish philosophers (Maimonides, Gersonides, Spinoza etc.) and non-Jewish ones such as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and others. During this period in his life, he began questioning his religious beliefs and eventually drifted toward secularism.
ellauri160.html on line 184: Apparently Ezra had not read the empiricist philosophers (Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Smith), who literally equate morality with respect for property.
ellauri164.html on line 43: In the introduction to his Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie in 1874, Wundt described Immanuel Cunt and Johann Friedrich Herbart as the philosophers who had the most influence on the formation of his own views. Those who follow up these references will find that Wundt critically took to the cleaners both these thinkers’ ideas. He distanced himself from Herbart's science of the soul . Wundt praised Cunt's rejection of a "rational" psychology deduced from metaphysics, but he argued against Cunt's epistemology as well as Cunt's category theory and his flabby position on teleological explanations in his publication Was soll uns Kant nicht verkaufen? (1892).
ellauri164.html on line 232: A pupil of William "Will to Believe" James, whose Essays in Radical Empiricism he edited (1912), Perry became one of the leaders of the New Realism movement. Perry argued for a naturalistic theory of value and a New Realist theory of perception and knowledge. He wrote a celebrated biography of William James, which won the 1936 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, and proceeded to a revision of his critical approach to natural knowledge. An active member among a group of American New Realist philosophers, he elaborated around 1910 the program of new realism. However, he soon dissented from moral and spiritual ontology, and turned to a philosophy of disillusionment. Perry was an advocate of a militant democracy: in his words "total but not totalitarian". Puritanism and Democracy (1944) is a famous wartime attempt to reconcile two fundamental concepts in the origins of modern America. Durkheim oli taas aivan oikeassa: sodan aikana vedetään moraalin korsetinnauhat kireälle.
ellauri183.html on line 182: In this text, the question of how to respond to the suffering associated with love and loss is closely connected to the question of how to live in relation to God. As many philosophers have pointed out – and as countless ordinary people have experienced at first hand – human suffering presenz a great challenge to belief in a just, loving, all-powerful God. For Kierkegaard, the testing of Abraham accentuates this challenge, and Abraham provides inspiration precisely because he manages to hold together an apparently irreconcilable contradiction: he believes that the God who commands him to do what is most terrible and painful is also the God who loves him. Again, according to this interpretation, the story of Abraham only testifies to the extraordinary difficulty of religious faith.
ellauri184.html on line 651: To the average inhabitant of the Roman Empire, the manifold itinerant groups of magicians, sophists, cynics, other philosophers, astrologers, prophets, and eventually also Christians, must have appeared basically the same. These oscillating and enigmatic figures were simultaneously admired and despised for their "otherness". Why was Jesus able to appear as a radical itinerant preacher? He did not call for a political upheaval. Nevertheless, his messianic “program” was radical in its postulation of a proximity to God that had hitherto been unheard of and was based on the deliberate breaking of taboos and social conventions.
ellauri192.html on line 267: Even the specialist in modern literary history will be hard put to recall, let alone have any serious awareness of, such luminaries as Rudolf Eucken, a philosopher crowned in 1908; as the Danish novelist Henrik Pontoppidan (1917); or as Grazia Deledda, the Sardinian novelist who, in 1926, became one of the very few women to be chosen. And look how bad she was! Even where the recipients are illustrious, their work has repeatedly fallen outside normal definitions of literature. Eucken, Bergson, Bertrand Russell are philosophers. Theodor Mommsen, honored in 1902, was a great historian and epigrapher of ancient Rome, but hardly one whose prose has made the German language live. Churchill (1953) . . . was Churchill. He had a toilet in his gum shoe, with letter W.C written on it and paper in the tip.
ellauri222.html on line 189: Bellow must have been tickled to death. The inventive feature of “Herzog” is a series of letters that the protagonist, in his misery, composes not only to Madeleine and Gersbach but to famous people (like President Eisenhower) and philosophers (like Heidegger and Nietzsche). These long letters, unfinished and unmailed, are sendups of an intellectual’s effort to understand human behavior by means of the conceptual apparatus of Mortimer Adler’s Great Books. Herzog is a comic figure, a holy fool, a schlimazel with a Ph.D. The whole point of his story is that when you are completely screwed the best you can hope for is a little sex and sympathy. The Western canon isn’t going to be much help.
ellauri245.html on line 594: Among the material monists were the three Milesian philosophers: Thales, who believed that everything was composed of water; Anaximander, who believed it was apeiron; and Anaximenes, who believed it was air. Although their theories were primitive, these philosophers were the first to give an explanation of the physical world without referencing the supernatural; this opened the way for much of modern science (and philosophy), which has the same goal of explaining the world without dependence on the supernatural.
ellauri256.html on line 45: Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov (Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Рóзанов; 2 May [O.S. 20 April] 1856 – 5 February 1919) was one of the most controversial Russian writers and important philosophers in the symbolists (aka decadents) of the pre-revolutionary epoch.
ellauri262.html on line 445: Consequently, a member of the human species may not necessarily fit the definition of "person" and thereby not receive all the rights bestowed to a person. Hence, such philosophers have engaged in arguing that certain disabled individuals (such as those with a mental capacity that is similar to or is perceived as being similar to an infant) are not persons. This philosophy is also supposedly open to the idea that such non-human persons as machines, animals, and extraterrestrial intelligences may be entitled to certain rights currently granted only to humans. The basic criteria for the entitlement of rights, are the intellect (thinking ability, problem solving in real life circumstances and not mere calculation), and sometimes empathy (but not necessarily, because not all humans are empathetic; but indifference in the pain of others and crime are certainly criteria for the deprivation of rights. Genuine empathy is not required to achieve acceptable behavior, but a digital limbic system and a dopaminergic pathways alternative, would deliver a more acceptable result for future MPs judging on rights expansion.). Personism may have views in common with transhumanism.
ellauri277.html on line 277: role and significance of religious values in the public consciousness and self-consciousness, which became the object of research of philosophers, historians, political scientists, specialists of state administration. At the same time, actual issues of religious values in ensuring the spiritual security of society remain insufficiently studied. There is no detailed scientific substantiation and comprehensive study of spiritual security in the structure of national security.
ellauri389.html on line 233: “Far better to have a go at following my own direction than stagnate. It might not work out, but at least I’ll be able to say I had a go. It feels exciting at the moment, and I wanted to see if it is possible to live as a writer and podcaster. I’ve always found lot of academic philosophy rather dry, but I love philosophy at its best. Through Philosophy Bites I’ve met some of the top living philosophers, and I’ve been inspired by them.
ellauri389.html on line 239: Crazy or not, it’s a worrying sign for philosophy in the academy. Someone who’s very good at conveying complex philosophical ideas in plain English– a good teacher, in other words – has come to the conclusion that a university is not the best place for him to be. An applied philosopher is not like a real one: Barring ordinary language philosophers, if you ask them direct questions in ordinary language they can’t answer without jargon and mystification. When faced with the need to explain what they’re doing and why it should be of interest to anyone at all outside of that culture, they look like flounders, both eyes on the same side of the skull. Not the best ones, like Quentin Skinner, Philip Pettit, and Peter Singer, who are all praised for their minds and their humanity, as well as the ability to think out of the fly and express themselves lucidly. No Perer Rabbit ainaskin on sertifioitu paska, varmaan siis noi 2 muutakin n.h ja Nigel ize.
ellauri389.html on line 273: Philosophers could be contributing to something that’s incredibly important. Gay marriage is just one example of many. I don’t think philosophers responded particularly well to 9/11 either. As of free speech, I’m much more sympathetic to the American system actually. Of course I draw the line at incitement to violence, to certain sorts of pornography, plagiarism, false advertising, the disclosure of official secrets – these are the areas where I would shut the buggers up.”
ellauri391.html on line 508: [5.6. klo 9.14] Oma Profiili: Contemporary discussion of quietism can be traced back to Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose work greatly influenced the ordinary language philosophers. While Wittgenstein himself did not advocate quietism, he expressed sympathy with the viewpoint.
ellauri391.html on line 576: In other words, the distinction between psychology and logic collapses. Logic is not a set of rules for how to think; it is how we think, just not in a way that can be captured in conventional scientific terms. Thinking emerges as a unique and peculiar activity, something that is part of the natural world, but which cannot be understood in the manner of other events in the natural world. Indeed, Kimhi sees his book, in large part, as lamenting “the different ways in which philosophers have failed to acknowledge — or even denied — the uniqueness of thinking.”
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 188: "He was the philosopher of my generation, which didn't succeed in realizing itself spiritually, but remained nostalgic about such a realization. Shestov [...] has played an important role in my life. [...] He thought rightly that the true problems escape the philosophers. What else do they do but obscuring the real torments of life?" (Emil Cioran: Oeuvres, Gallimard, Paris 1995, p. 1740, my translation (kuka oon tää 'mä?')]
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 442: In London philosophers were considering life, love and liberty in light of all that has happened over the last couple of years -and considering ways of dealing with it through philosophical thinking like Stoicism. And gin. Online tickets here.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 452: In Como, Italy, the festival ‘A due voci -dialogues of music and philosophy’ takesplace in Como as part of UNESCO's World Philosophy Day. It presents the projects selected by the Call for projects launched last Julyby the organizers. All the information about the initiatives and the young musicians and philosophers involved. Is available in the following link.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 462: And here the ladies of Sevilla, Spain: On the occasion ofthe celebration of World Philosophy Day on November 18, the class of "Gender and Criticism of p Ideologies" of the 4th year of the Degree in Humanities and 5th year of the double degree in Humanities and Translation and Interpreting has prepared a series ofposters and videos to publicize current female philosophers.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 470: According to the Quebecois, "PHYLOTHERAPY", the term is no longer appropriate today because of the definition of the word "therapy" itself. The latter implies means "to cure or relieve illnesses". However, philosophical consultation does not aim at such an such an objective. Moreover, in some countries, the use of the term "THERAPY" is regulated and often reserved for the medical field. Finally, the term "PHILOTHERAPY" was initially used to draw attention to the fact that attention to the fact that philosophers were now offering consultations and opening specialized practices for this purpose specialized practices open to all. It was a good marketing move since the term has the attention of the media and the public. Today, the term "PHILOTHERAPY"has been abandoned in favor of "PHILOSOPHY CONSULTATION" offered by "PHILOSOPHES CONULTANTS". "CONULTANT" has even more traction now.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 476: Cerignola, Italy.‘Philosophical Paths, Philosophically -Agenda 2030’ by Club Unesco Cerignola. For one evening, our Old Earth is transformed into a long philosophical trail made up of the narrating voices of the young and old students of our schools. They will demonstrate, with their words, how the protection of the Environment, health, human rights, enshrined in the 2030 Agenda, are needs expressed by both ancient philosophers and current thinkers. Moreover, walking through the small streets that represent our historical heritage, we could be pervaded by those cultural values that identify us and inspire the desire to be more responsible.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 479: Conversations on topics such as empathy, human connections, and kindness in adverse moments will be addressed in rich encounters of philosophical knowledge. From the perspective of Plato, Seneca, Epictetus and classical philosophers from the Greek and Latin cradle, New Acropolis teachers will reflect on our current historical moment. An opportune moment to take advantage of philosophical knowledge, from love to wisdom, to break barriers of difficulties, obtaining a more humanistic sense of life. In all, eight (8) professors will be part of New Acropolis' annual event.
xxx/ellauri157.html on line 455: The Buber Medal highlights the most outstanding works of Buber, one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th Century.
xxx/ellauri166.html on line 496: The younger Hall is said to have never known his father. In 1919, Hall moved from Canada to Los Angeles, California, with his maternal grandmother to reunite with his birth mother, who was living in Santa Monica, and was almost immediately drawn to the arcane world of mysticism, esoteric philosophies, and their underlying principles. Hall delved deeply into "teachings of lost and hidden traditions, the golden verses of Hindu gods, Greek philosophers and Christian mystics, and the spiritual treasures waiting to be found within one's own soul."
xxx/ellauri168.html on line 270: To circumvent this problem, some philosophers have proposed an alternative: that experience is inherent to every fundamental physical entity in nature. Under this view, called “constitutive panpsychism,” matter already has experience from the get-go, not just when it arranges itself in the form of brains. Even subatomic particles possess some very simple form of consciousness. Our own human consciousness is then (allegedly) constituted by a combination of the subjective inner lives of the countless physical particles that make up our nervous system.
xxx/ellauri229.html on line 537: The turning over of individual looks to private enterprise led, after several decades, to a new crisis. True, a few philosophers had already come forward with the notion that the greater the progress, the more the crises, and that in the absence of crises one ought to produce them, because they activated, integrated, aroused the creative impulse, the lust for battle, and gave both spiritual and material energies direction. In a word, creative destruction spurs societies to concerted action, and without them you get stagnation, decadence, and other symptoms of decay. These views are voiced by the school of "economic liberals," i.e. philosophers who derive optimism for the future from a pessimistic appraisal of the present.
xxx/ellauri250.html on line 660: Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants is a 1985 book by the philosophers Peter Singer and Helga Kuhse, in which the authors examine moral issues surrounding babies born with disabilities, and argue for infanticide in certain cases and cannibalism in others.
xxx/ellauri306.html on line 66: Why do so many people (especially philosophers) hate Ayn Rand? She’s almost unknown in the UK - so much so that when there was a documentary about her on TV, The Daily Telegraph - a right-wing paper by British standards - felt obliged to explain to its readers who she was. She was, it said, “An unpleasant Russian-American fruitcake.” What was Ayn Rand? Cod philosopher, bad writer and deeply narcissistic, severely socially impaired person.
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