ellauri021.html on line 943: Schlafly is a surname of German-Swiss origin. Not to be confused with Schläfli. Mild-mannered Daniel L. Schlafly Sr., vice president of a family business (bottled water), AKA Dan Schlafly, 47 in 1960, is a Roman Catholic who never attended a public school* and never sent his three children to one. Daniel L. Schafly Jr. spent eight years in Jesuit schools, then went on to graduate work in the US and abroad. He chose history as major. As a twenty-one- year-old student, he was amazed by the result of the Soviet victory in World War II when he crossed the Berlin Wall (still under construction) from free West Berlin with its independent citizens into militarized Communist East Berlin, where everyone was dispirited, everything was shabby. Daniel L. Jr., who supported St. Kolbe´s sainthood, became a staunch anticommunist.
ellauri028.html on line 25: oviet_union.jpg" width="100%" />
ellauri028.html on line 88: Initially, a surviving one of his daughters, Clara Clemens, objected to its publication in March 1939, probably because of its controversial and iconoclastic views on religion, claiming it presented a "distorted" view of her father. Henry Nash Smith helped change her position in 1960. Clara explained her change of heart in 1962 saying that "Mark Twain belonged to the world" and that public opinion had become more tolerant. (Ehkä se myös tarvizi vähän pätäkkää leivän syrjäxi.) She was also influenced to release the papers by her annoyance with Soviet reports that her father's ideas were being suppressed in the United States. (Ei Laika ole ainut koira radalla. Vuosi 1962 oli Kuuban kriisi, kylmä sota kuumeni. Popovin nuhruista mutta optimistista nuoruutta.) The papers were selected, edited and sequenced for the book in 1939 by Bernard DeVoto. (Sota tuli väliin, jumala piti varmistaa voittajien puolelle. No ainahan se on voittajien puolella. Tai sit se haluu antaa opetuxen tai sillä on joku ovelampi suunnitelma mielessä.)
ellauri055.html on line 98: Victor Serge was appreciative of Rolland's interventions on his behalf but ultimately thoroughly disappointed by Rolland's refusal to break publicly with Stalin and the repressive Soviet regime. The entry for May 4, 1945, a few weeks after Rolland's death, in Serge's Notebooks: 1936-1947 notes acidly that "At age seventy the author of Jean-Christophe allowed himself to be covered with the blood spilled by a tyranny of which he was a faithful adulator."
ellauri062.html on line 275: Fred Waterfront has obtained a new car, a 2014 Mercedes-Benz E350 convertible. Where's Germany, Europe, China, Soviet Union and the rest of the globe anyway?
ellauri063.html on line 49: George Orwell was anti-Communist if by the term Communist you mean the U.S.S.R., the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and all foreign Communist parties affiliated to it or following its line.
ellauri067.html on line 356: Rózsavölgyi: István (30 March 1929 – 27 January 2012) was a Hungarian athlete who competed mainly in the 1500 metres. Rózsavölgyi was born in Budapest. One of the star pupils of Mihály Iglói, he entered the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia as the world record holder over 1000 metres, 1500 metres and 2000 metres and was expected to be a leading contender for the 1500 metres Olympic gold. However, outside circumstances shook the spirit of team Hungary. Sándor Iharos, another superstar, was absent. Back home, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 had just been quashed by the Soviet army. Rózsavölgyi failed to even make the final. On saatavana myös sennimistä suklaata, Rózsavölgyi Csokoládé. Our website offers cookies.
ellauri069.html on line 399: —the peregrinations of a Soviet agent named Tchitcherine, a man initiated into mysticism while administering a territory in Central Asia and now on vengeful search for his Herero half-brother, who also has his share of juicy fucks;
ellauri077.html on line 820: It is almost universally felt that when we call a country democratic we are praising it: consequently the defenders of every kind of regime claim that it is a democracy, and fear that they might have to stop using that word if it were tied down to any one meaning. Words of this kind are often used in a consciously dishonest way. That is, the person who uses them has his own private definition, but allows his hearer to think he means something quite different. Statements like Marshal Petain was a true patriot, The Soviet press is the freest in the world, The Catholic Church is opposed to persecution, are almost always made with intent to deceive. Other words used in variable meanings, in most cases more or less dishonestly, are: class, totalitarian, science, progressive, reactionary, bourgeois, equality.
ellauri094.html on line 756: The death toll of the atheist Communists in the Soviet Union and Mao’s China was 100,000,000.
ellauri101.html on line 641: Russia´s population has been on the decline since the 1990s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Another reason for Russia's demographic decline is the nation's low life expectancy for men, at only 64 years in 2015, or 15 years less than that in Italy, Germany, or Sweden. This is due to a combination of unusually high rates of alcoholism, smoking, untreated cancer, tuberculosis, suicides, violence, and HIV/AIDS.
ellauri102.html on line 418: Before World War II, her paternal grandparents were communists, but they began to turn against the Soviet Union after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939. In 1942, her grandfather, an animator at Disney, was fired after the 1941 strike, and had to switch to working in a shipyard instead. By 1956, they had abandoned communism. Vitun takinkääntäjät, juutalaisiin ei ole luottamista, niinkuin se Trotskykin. Klein's father grew up surrounded by silly ideas of social justice and racial equality, but found it "difficult and frightening to be the child of Communists", a so-called red diaper baby.
ellauri105.html on line 471: Naurettavaa höpinää. Jolpit herkuttelee ruumiilla, kukin äänestää oman tiimin puolesta. What right did the Soviet Union to tolerate the United States´ existence? Joku nainen sanoi järkevästi että ne on kaikki yhtä julmia koska niiden tarkoitus on tappaa toisia.
ellauri106.html on line 535: America’s self-constructed binary opposition to the Soviet Union, whose “Godless totalitarianism” was the only remaining threat to the global propagation of America’s core values of "Godful utilitarianism."
ellauri106.html on line 548: The fundamental problem of history for those on the far left is, of course, its failure to unravel as Marx had predicted it would. The Great Depression did not incite proletarian revolution; the Soviet experiment did not result in a model of Socialist Utopia; America’s social, political, and economic structures did not collapse under the weight of late capitalism. Far from it, in fact.
ellauri131.html on line 130: Ampumisen jälkeen venäläisten kyläläisten oli haudattava ruumiit. Tästä joukkomurhasta kerrotaan muun muassa Martin Hollerin kirjassa The National Socialist Genocide of the Roma in the German-occupied Soviet Union (Heidelberg 2009).
ellauri131.html on line 960: And what of the true cynic's view, that the lesson of history is that bastards often prevail? That markets are in and of themselves rational, and sometimes emotional, but rarely ever moral? That an appropriate model for business is not an extended family but a poker game? The late genius John von Neumann was fascinated by poker, and his study of the choice making involved in the game led him to develop the foundations of game theory. Von Neumann was a peerless student of the principles of rational self-interest, and he was also an adviser to Presidents Truman and Eisenhower. When the Soviets showed signs of developing nuclear weapons, he recommended bombing them into oblivion. Game theory, he said, dictated it.
ellauri135.html on line 569: Sviatoslav Teofilovich Richter March 20 1915 – August 1, 1997) was a Soviet pianist who is frequently regarded as one of the greatest pianists of all time. He is known for the "depth of his interpretations, his virtuoso technique, and his vast repertoire." Charles Francis Richter (/ˈɹɪktəɹ/, 26. huhtikuuta 1900 – 30. syyskuuta 1985) oli yhdysvaltalainen seismologi, joka on kuuluisa maanjäristyksen voimakkuuden määrittelevän Richterin asteikon luomisesta.
ellauri146.html on line 862: Vankka voitto taantumuxen voimille. 2010 tuli toinen samanlainen julistus, jonka ensimmäisiä allekirjoittajia oli Suomen vihreiden Heidi Hautala. Ne kuuluvat Wikipedian luokkaan Category:Decommunization. Decommunization in Ukraine started during and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. With the success of the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, the Ukrainian government approved laws that outlawed communist symbols.
ellauri146.html on line 864: The ban on communist symbols resulted in the removal of hundreds of statues, the replacement of street signs and the renaming of populated places including some of Ukraine's biggest cities like DniproPetrovsk (sorry, Dnipro). The city administration of Dnipro estimated in June 2015 that 80 streets, embankments, squares, and boulevards would have to be renamed. Maxim Eristavi of Hromadske.TV estimated late April 2015 that the nationwide renaming would cost around $1.5 billion. The legislation also granted special legal status to veterans of the "struggle for Ukrainian independence" from 1917 to 1991 (the lifespan of the Soviet Union). The same day, the parliament also passed a law that replaced the term "Great Patriotic War" in the national lexicon with "World War II" from 1939 to 1945 (instead of 1941–45 as is the case with the "Great Patriotic War"). A change of great significance.
ellauri150.html on line 713: Jesus did not become human to build a earthly paradise; admittedly this IS pure hell, but his Kingdom is in Heaven. The Church warns us about those who promise a Utopia on Earth. The worker's paradise of the Soviet Union turned into a living hell for millions; as did also Mao's promise of earthly bliss. Likewise the French Revolution was heaven only for those who reveled in the sight of blood and heads rolling off the guillotine.
ellauri151.html on line 124: During the 1930s, he briefly became a communist, or more precisely, a fellow traveler (he never formally joined any communist party). As a distinguished writer sympathizing with the cause of communism, he was invited to speak French at Maxim Gorky´s funeral and to tour the Soviet Union as a guest of the Soviet Union of Writers. He encountered censorship of his speeches and was particularly disillusioned with the state of culture under Soviet communism, breaking with his socialist friends [who?] in Retour de L´U.R.S.S. in 1936. This is what he said of them:
ellauri160.html on line 348: Fukuyama received his Bachelor of Arts degree in classics from Cornell University, where he studied political philosophy under Allan Bloom. He initially pursued graduate studies in comparative literature at Yale University, going to Paris for six months to study under Roland Barthes and Jacques Derrida but became disillusioned and switched to political science at Harvard University. There, he studied with Samuel P. Huntington and Harvey Mansfield, among others. He earned his Ph.D. in political science at Harvard for his thesis on Soviet threats to intervene in the Middle East. In 1979, he joined the global policy think tank RAND Corporation. Eli vittua se mikään simpanssitutkija oli, Ellei sitten tutkinut omaa napanöyhtää, kun on ilmetyn bonobon näkönenkin. Kokeili taskuaan ja kaikki oli tallella, kelpas hymyillä.
ellauri162.html on line 230: Artaux Pas si Mauvais naquit en 1942 dans un camion, en plein emigration face aux forces soviétiques, durant la Guerre de Continuation ; sa famille, fuyant les combats, est chassée par l´armee sovietique vers la Norvège, puis la Suède et la Laponie finlandaise. Pas si Mauvais qui signifie en finnois « prison de pierre » est un nom inventé par son père né Gullstén (Pierre d´or) pour « finniser », comme beaucoup de Finlandais, un patronyme à consonance suédoise (à l´instar des personnes inspirées par le mouvement fennomane).
ellauri162.html on line 278: Et pendant ce temps, Gégé Depardieu, qui fut légionnarisé des honneurs par Tonton Mitterrand, a le choix entre s'exiler fiscalement au plat pays des Belges, ou au pays des Soviets. Fume Gégé,
ellauri164.html on line 451: The film depicts the nuclear arms race that took place between all sides in the World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. The first part centers on the war years, dealing with the Manhattan Project and the American effort to beat the Germans to the bomb, as well as with Stalin's decision that the USSR must have its own atomic project. The second part displays the Soviet post-war nuclear program. The plot deals mainly with the personal dilemmas facing all the scientists who worked on the atomic weapons. Booooring.
ellauri181.html on line 634: To appreciate significance of the much sought after Start-Shosse one must be familiar with peculiarities of Soviet bike industry. Nimittäin Harkov oli ikivanha (1500-l. perustettu) venäläinen kaupunki jonka yleisliittolaiset ukrainalaistivat myöhemmin. Ei ois kannattanut. Nyt ovat hienot polkupyörät joutumassa näsien käsiin. Hampaita ainakin ois syytä varoa.
ellauri190.html on line 226: They inhabited sparsely populated areas in the Dnieper, Don, Terek, and Ural river basins, and played an important role in the historical and cultural development of both Ukraine and Russia. The various Cossack groups were organized along military lines, with large autonomous groups called hosts. Each host had a territory consisting of affiliated villages called stanitsa. The Cossack way of life persisted into the twentieth century, though the sweeping societal changes of the Russian Revolution disrupted Cossack society as much as any other part of Russia; many Cossacks migrated to other parts of Europe following the establishment of the Soviet Union, while others remained and assimilated into the Communist state. Cohesive Cossack-based units were organized and fought for both Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II.
ellauri190.html on line 228: After World War II, the Soviet Union disbanded the Cossack units in the Soviet Army, and many of the Cossack traditions were suppressed during the years of rule under Joseph Stalin and his successors. During the Perestroika era in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s, descendants of Cossacks moved to revive their national traditions. In 1988, the Soviet Union passed a law allowing the re-establishment of former Cossack hosts and the formation of new ones. During the 1990s, many regional authorities agreed to hand over some local administrative and policing duties to their Cossack hosts.
ellauri190.html on line 307: The region was part of the Russian Empire until its collapse following the Russian February Revolution in early March 1917, after which it became part of the short-lived Russian Republic. In 1918, it was largely included in the Ukrainian State and in the Ukrainian Soviet Republic at the same time. In 1918–1920, it was, to varying extents, under the control of the anti-Bolshevik White movement governments of South Russia whose defeat signified the Soviet control over the territory, which became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, within the Soviet Union from 1922.
ellauri191.html on line 1012:
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oviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Neuvostoliitto ellauri191.html on line 1229:
oviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Neuvostoliitto ellauri191.html on line 2152: From 1901 to 1912, the committee, headed by the conservative Carl David af Wirsén, weighed the literary quality of a work against its contribution towards humanity's struggle 'toward the ideal'. Leo Tolstoy, Henrik Ibsen, Émile Zola, and Mark Twain were rejected in favour of authors little read today. The choice of philosopher Rudolf Eucken as Nobel laureate in 1908 is widely considered to be one of the worst mistakes in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The main candidates for the prize that year were poet Algernon Swinburne and author Selma Lagerlöf, but the Academy were divided between the candidates and, as a compromise, Eucken, representative of the Academy's interpretation of Nobel's "ideal direction", was launched as an alternative candidate that could be agreed upon. Solzhenitsyn did not accept the award and prize money until 10 December 1974, after he was deported from the Soviet Union. Swedish Academy member Artur Lundkvist had argued that the Nobel Prize in Literature should not become a political prize and questioned the artistic value of Solzhenitsyn's work. The award to Camilo José Cela was controversial as he had moved voluntarily from Madrid to Galicia during the Spanish Civil War in order to join Franco's rebel forces there as a volunteer.A member of the Swedish Academy, Knut Ahnlund, who had not played an important role in the Academy since 1996, protested against the choice of the 2004 laureate, Elfriede Jelinek; Ahnlund resigned, alleging that selecting Jelinek had caused "irreparable damage" to the reputation of the award.
ellauri192.html on line 685: During World War II, Trubchevsk was occupied by the German Army from October 9, 1941 to September 18, 1943. Prior to the war, about 137 Jews lived in Trubchevsk. Most of the Jews were craftsmen, including cobblers and carpenters. The town was occupied by German forces in early October 1941. By that time, more than half of the Jews fled or evacuated. The Jews from the Trubchevsk district were gathered in a Klub for 3 days and shot afterwards at the edge of the village. Their bodies were burnt. In total, according to the Soviet archives, 751 Soviet citizens perished due to bad treatment or as a result of shooting in the entire Trubchevsk district. Aside from Jews, mentally ill children and adults were exterminated as well. The population is about 15K. There are very few notable buildings in the town.
ellauri192.html on line 822: They mentioned the band’s new album Matryoshka. The album ‘presents Russia in a bad way with its Russian language and Soviet leaders’, the communists insisted.
ellauri192.html on line 853: Mä varmaan näin pienenä tännimisen Pekka ja Pätkä tyyppisen komedialeffan. Tai size oli toi 70-luvun Mel Brooks versio, where as they progress, they meet comrades from every walk of life in Soviet Russian society, transforming the film into a satirical send up of failing Communism. Kumpi tahhaan, ei muistaaxeni naurattanut. Mel oli (on) lähinnä Spede tyyppinen farssimainen pelle. No Get Smart eli Agentti 86 nauratti kyllä pienenä. Se näytti juutalaiselta. Alkuperäinen (kuvan) agentti 99 oli muistaaxeni söpö vaikka tyhmänpuoleinen, Mel Brooxin mukaan ainakin: From the moment they met, 99 has been in love with Maxwell Smart. Mel Broox oli (on) Ukrainan juutalainen.
ellauri192.html on line 859: The Twelve Chairs (Russian: Двенадцать стульев, tr. Dvenadtsat stulyev) is a classic satirical novel by the Odessan Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, published in 1928. Its plot follows characters attempting to obtain jewry hidden in a chair. A sequel was published in 1931. The novel has been adapted to other media, primarily film. Kirjoittajat oli "ihan nulikoita": Ilf 30, Katajev 26. Katajev kaatui suuressa isänmaallisessa sodassa 30-vuotiaana. Joten sepä venyi!
ellauri192.html on line 861: In the Soviet Union in 1927, a former Marshal of Nobility, Ippolit Matveyevich "Kisa" Vorobyaninov, works as the registrar of marriages and deaths in a sleepy provincial town. His mother-in-law reveals on her deathbed that her family jewry was hidden from the Bolsheviks in one of the twelve chairs from the family’s dining room set. Those chairs, along with all other personal property, were taken away by the Communists after the Russian Revolution. Vorobyaninov wants to find the treasure. The “smooth operator” and con-man Ostap Bender forces Kisa to become his partner, as they set out to find the chairs. Bender's street smarts and charm are invaluable to the reticent Kisa, and Bender comes to dominate the enterprise. Father Fyodor (who had known of the treasure from the confession of Vorobyaninov's mother-in-law), their obsessed rival in the hunt for the treasure, follows a bad lead, runs out of money, ends up trapped on a mountain-top, and loses his sanitary pad. Ostap remains unflappable, and his mastery of human nature eliminates all obstacles, but Vorobyaninov steadily deteriorates.
ellauri192.html on line 886: Ilya Ilf (Ilya Arnoldovich Feinsilberg) (Russian: Илья Арнольдович Файнзильберг, 1897-1937) and Yevgeny Petrov (Yevgeniy Petrovich Katayev or Russian: Евгений Петрович Катаев, 1902-1942) were two Ukrainian prose authors of the 1920s and 1930s.They did much of their writing together, and are almost always referred to as "Ilf and Petrov". Bet Ilf was Jewish. Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf (born Iehiel-Leyb Aryevich Faynzilberg, Russian: Иехи́ел-Лейб Арьевич Фа́йнзильберг[1]) (15 October [O.S. 3 October] 1897 in Odessa – 13 April 1937, Moscow), was a popular Soviet journalist and writer of Jewish origin who usually worked in collaboration with Yevgeni Petrov during the 1920s and 1930s. Their duo was known simply as Ilf and Petrov. Together they published two popular comedy novels The Twelve Chairs (1928) and The Little Golden Calf (1931), as well as a satirical book Odnoetazhnaya Amerika (often translated as Little Golden America) that documented their journey through the United States between 1935 and 1936.
ellauri192.html on line 890: One-storied America (Одноэтажная Америка) is a 1937 book based on a published travelogue across the United States by two Soviet authors, Ilf and Petrov. The book, divided into eleven chapters and in the uninhibited humorous style typical of Ilf and Petrov, paints a multi-faceted picture of the US. America´s entrepreneurial skills and economic achievements are praised, the oppression of the blacks, the life of the Indians in the reservations and the oppression of workers are denounced. The title of the book refers to their impression that the cities of America consist mainly of one- and two-story buildings, in complete contrast to the popular image of America as the land of skyscrapers. Based on this sentence:
ellauri192.html on line 894: The United States, which was perceived as the land of machines and technological progress, was of great importance at the time for the Soviet Union, which had set itself the goal of overtaking the United States. This slogan (Russian: догнать и перегнать Америку; "catch up and surpass America") was one of the most important slogans during the ambitious industrialization of the Soviet Union. Given the political climate in the Soviet Union in 1937 when the book was published, with the onset of Great Purge, it is no surprise that a version of a book that satirizes the United States was published. Oh sorry I misread:
ellauri192.html on line 895: Given the political climate in the Soviet Union in 1937 when the book was published, with the onset of Great Purge, it is surprising that a version of a book that lovingly satirizes the United States was published.
ellauri192.html on line 897: Ilf and Petrov´s travelogue was criticized in the Soviet Union because it was not party enough and praised many aspects of American life.
ellauri194.html on line 287: In the early 19th century, some Hasidic rabbis identified the French invasion of Russia under Napoleon as "The War of Gog and Magog". But as the century progressed, apocalyptic expectations receded as the populace in Europe began to adopt an increasingly secular worldview. This has not been the case in the United States, where a 2002 poll indicated that 59% of Americans believed the events predicted in the Book of Revelation would come to pass. During the Cold War the idea that Soviet Russia had the role of Gog gained popularity, since Ezekiel's words describing him as "prince of Meshek" – rosh meshek in Hebrew – sounded suspiciously like Russia and Moscow. Even some Russians took up the idea, apparently unconcerned by the implications ("Ancestors were found in the Bible, and that was enough"), as did Ronald Reagan.
ellauri203.html on line 302: In the novel, a new Mongol Empire conquers Poland and introduces Murti-Bing pills as a cure for independent thought. At first, the pills create contentment and blind obedience, but ultimately lead those taking them to develop dual personalities. Kaxoisolentoja taas! Miłosz compares the pills to the intellectually deadening effects of Marxism-Leninism in the USSR and the Soviet Bloc.
ellauri207.html on line 236: Lilya 4-ever is a 2002 crime drama film written and directed by Lukas Moodysson, which was released in Sweden on 23 August 2002. It depicts the downward spiral of Lilja Michailova, played by Oksana Akinshina, a girl in the former Soviet Union whose mother abandons her to move to the United States.
ellauri207.html on line 359: Meanwhile, Salander (Lisbet)´s sadistic guardian, Nils Bjurman, hires Zalachenko to kill Lisbeth. Bjurman himself is soon killed by Lisbet´s bro Ronald Niedermann, who with dad Zala, is lying in wait at a farm in Gåseborg to ambush Salander (Lisbet). During a brief confrontation Lisbeth is shot in the head and buried alive. She later climbs out zombie like and deals serious blows to Zala´s head and wooden leg with an axe. Their injuries are so serious they are both taken by air ambulance to a hospital where the next book picks up. But what a disappointment: Zalachenko is shot in the head in the same hospital as Lisbeth being treated for the grievous injuries he´s suffered, for having intentions to betray the Cesarean section of the Swedish secret service, el Sapo. The Swedes consider the superior intelligence he has as a Soviet defecator more important than dumb Agneta´s civil rights or those of her misfit daughter, so they have Lisbeth declared incompetent and institutionalized in order to protect him from her.
ellauri213.html on line 258: In Soviet Russia the Scouting system started to be replaced by ideologically-altered Scoutlike organizations, such as "ЮК" ("Юные Коммунисты", or young communists; pronounced as yuk), that were created since 1918. There was a purge of the Scout leaders, many of whom perished under the Bolsheviks. Those Scouts who did not wish to accept the new Soviet system either left Russia for good, like Pantyukhov and others, or went underground. However, clandestine Scouting did not last long. On May 19, 1922 all of those newly created organizations were united into the Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union, which existed until 1990. From that date, Scouting in the USSR was banned.
ellauri213.html on line 260: However, some features of Scouting remained in the modified form. The Scout motto "Bud' Gotov" ("Be Prepared") was modified into the Pioneer motto "Vsegda Gotov" ("Always Prepared"). Mention of God was removed, replaced by Lenin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. There were no separate organizations for girls and boys, and many new features were introduced, like Young Pioneer Palaces.
ellauri213.html on line 284: The Scout Motto is Будь готов (Bud' Gotov, Be Prepared in Russian. The Russian noun for a single Scout is Скаут, but can alternately be Разведчик or Навигатор depending on the organization. As Разведчик also carries the connotation of spy, now often perceived as negative in the post-Soviet period, many now refer to themselves as Скаут or Навигатор, the more neutral term for the original meaning, an advance party sent to reconnoiter the terrain, similar to pathfinder or explorer.
ellauri213.html on line 377: Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin, known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik revolutionary. He served as head of state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and later of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946. From 1926, he was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Born to a peasant family, Kalinin worked as a metal worker in Saint Petersburg and took part in the 1905 Russian Revolution as an early member of the Bolsheviks. During and after the October Revolution, he served as mayor of Petrograd. After the revolution, Kalinin became the head of the new Soviet state, as well as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Politburo. Kalinin remained the titular head of state of the Soviet Union after the rise of Joseph Stalin, but held little real power or influence. He retired in 1946 and died in the same year.
ellauri213.html on line 379: Königsberg was the easternmost large city in Germany until World War II. The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing in 1944 and during the Battle of Königsberg in 1945; it was then captured by the Soviet Union on 9 April 1945. The Potsdam Agreement of 1945 placed it under Soviet administration. The city was renamed to Kaliningrad in 1946 in honor of Soviet revolutionary Mikhail Kalinin. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it has been governed as the administrative centre of Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast, the westernmost oblast of Russia.
ellauri213.html on line 381: The original German population fled or was expelled towards the end of World War II, when the territory was annexed by the Soviet Union, and in the following few years. In October 1945, only about 5,000 Soviet civilians lived in the territory. Between October 1947 and October 1948 approximately 100,000 Germans were forcibly moved to Germany [clarification needed], and by 1948 about 400,000 Soviet civilians had arrived in the Oblast.
ellauri221.html on line 157: An important characteristic of the Dunno trilogy is its heavily didactic nature. Nosov describes this as an effort to teach "honesty, bravery, camaraderie, willpower, and persistence" and discourage "jealousy, cowardice, mendacity, arrogance, and effrontery." Strong political undertones are also present. In addition to general egalitarianism and feminism, communist tendencies dominate the works. The first book takes the reader into a typical Soviet-like town, the second into a communist utopia, and the third into a capitalistic satire. Nosov's captivating and humorous literary style has made his ideologies accessible to children and adults alike.
ellauri221.html on line 309: A space shuttle called the Moonraker, built by Drax Industries, is on its way to the U.K. when it is hijacked in mid-air and the crew of the 747 carrying it is killed. Bond immediately is called into action, and starts the investigation with Hugo Drax. While at the Drax laboratories, Bond meets the brilliant and stunning Dr. Holly Goodhead, a N.A.S.A. astronaut and C.I.A. Agent who is investigating Drax for the U.S. Government. One of Drax´s thugs, the sinister Chan, attempts to kill 007 at the lab, but when that fails, he follows Bond to Venice and tries again there. Bond and Goodhead follow Drax´s trail to Brazil, where they once again run into the seven-foot Goliath Jaws, a towering giant with metal teeth. Escaping from him, they discover the existence of a huge space station undetected by U.S. or Soviet radar, and a horrible plot by Drax to employ nerve gas in a genocidal project. James and Holly must quickly find a way to stop Hugo Drax before his horrific plans can be put into effect.
ellauri236.html on line 204: In borrowing from William Faulkner's Sanctuary, Chase only took the plot; the mental atmosphere of the two books is not similar. Chase really derives from other sources, and this particular bit of borrowing is only symbolic. What it symbolizes is the vulgarization of ideas which is constantly happening, and which probably happens faster in an age of print. Chase has been described as ‘Faulkner for the masses’, but it would be more accurate to describe him as Carlyle for the masses. He is a popular writer — there are many such in America, but they are still rarities in England — who has caught up with what is now fashionable to call ‘realism’, meaning the doctrine that might is right. The growth of ‘realism’ has been the great feature of the intellectual history of our own age. Why this should be so is a complicated question. The interconnexion between sadism, masochism, success-worship, power-worship, nationalism, and totalitarianism is a huge subject whose edges have barely been scratched, and even to mention it is considered somewhat indelicate. To take merely the first example that comes to mind, I believe no one has ever pointed out the sadistic and masochistic element in Bernard Shaw's work, still less suggested that this probably has some connexion with Shaw's admiration for dictators. Fascism is often loosely equated with sadism, but nearly always by people who see nothing wrong in the most slavish worship of Stalin. The truth is, of course, that the countless English intellectuals who kiss the arse of Stalin are not different from the minority who give their allegiance to Hitler or Mussolini, nor from the efficiency experts who preached ‘punch’, ‘drive’, ‘personality’ and ‘learn to be a Tiger man’ in the nineteen-twenties, nor from that older generation of intellectuals, Carlyle, Creasey and the rest of them, who bowed down before German militarism. All of them are worshipping power and successful cruelty. It is important to notice that the cult of power tends to be mixed up with a love of cruelty and wickedness for their own sakes. A tyrant is all the more admired if he happens to be a bloodstained crook as well, and ‘the end justifies the means’ often becomes, in effect, ‘the means justify themselves provided they are dirty enough’. This idea colours the outlook of all sympathizers with totalitarianism, and accounts, for instance, for the positive delight with which many English intellectuals greeted the Nazi-Soviet pact. It was a step only doubtfully useful to the U.S.S.R., but it was entirely unmoral, and for that reason to be admired; the explanations of it, which were numerous and self-contradictory, could come afterwards.
ellauri238.html on line 648: We express our deep respect to Karpov as a chess player. We express our deep contempt for him as a Russian and an accomplice of Putin. The mentioned match, as you probably know, was also an ideological battle (considering the status of Korchnoi and considering how opportunistic Karpov was both under the Soviet regime and under the current Russian regime). It's a pity that Korchnoi couldn't win and Fischer refused to play at all. Korchnoi jumped to our side and Fischer was an exemplary Jew.
ellauri238.html on line 650: Born in Leningrad, Soviet Union (USSR), Korchnoi defected to the Netherlands in 1976, and resided in Switzerland from 1978, becoming a Swiss citizen. Korchnoi played four matches, three of which were official, against GM Anatoly Karpov. In 1974, Korchnoi lost the Candidates Tournament final to Karpov. Karpov was declared World Champion in 1975 when GM Bobby Fischer declined to defend his title. Korchnoi then won two consecutive Candidates cycles to qualify for World Chess Championship matches with Karpov in 1978 and 1981 but lost both.
ellauri243.html on line 499: His first novel was Flight of the Old Dog and it launched his career. The plot of the book surrounds the mission of Gen. Bradley Elliot. He is testing a unique old bomber and the mission occurs to him to destroy a soviet weapon on site in Soviet Union before it is deployed. The aircraft is called Old Dog and it has to get the team to safety.
ellauri246.html on line 91: At first this poem seems very pastoral, but it was written in the summer of either 1940 or 1941. Sweden was not at war, but had seen Denmark and Norway occupied by Nazi Germany and Finland defeated by the Soviet Union. Ekelöf was firmly opposed to the totalitarian regimes, so see this poem as finding a moment of peace, pineapple and bananas in a time of other people's crisis.
ellauri249.html on line 78: The tenor of his poetry is not so much apolitical as antipolitical,” wrote Victor Erlich. “His besetting sin was not ‘dissent’ in the proper sense of the word, but a total, and on the whole quietly undemonstrative, estrangement from the Soviet ethos.” Art teaches the writer, he said, “the privateness of the human condition. Being the most ancient as well as the most literal form of private enterprise, it fosters in a man a sense of his uniqueness, of individuality, or separateness—thus turning him from a social animal into an autonomous ‘I.’
ellauri249.html on line 88: Between 6.5%–11.5% of Afghanistan's 1979 population of 13.5 million is estimated to have perished in the conflict. The war caused grave destruction in Afghanistan, and it has also been cited by scholars as a contributing factor to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
ellauri249.html on line 90: In January 1980, foreign ministers from 34 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation adopted a resolution demanding "the immediate, urgent and unconditional withdrawal of Soviet troops" from Afghanistan. The UN General Assembly passed a resolution protesting the Soviet intervention by a vote of 104 (for) to 18 (against), with 18 abstentions and 12 members of the 152-country Assembly absent or not participating in the vote; only Soviet allies Angola, East Germany and Vietnam, along with India, supported the intervention.
ellauri249.html on line 94: The international community imposed numerous sanctions and embargoes against the Soviet Union, and the U.S. led a boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow. The boycott and sanctions exacerbated Cold War tensions and enraged the Soviet government, which later led a revenge boycott of the 1984 Olympics held in Los Angeles.
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ellauri254.html on line 711: Stalin käytti Kirovin murhaa hyväkseen päästäkseen eroon vanhoista bolševikeista, jotka vielä muistivat Stalinin olleen vain yksi kollektiivisen johdon jäsen muiden joukossa. Tämä on herättänyt epäilyjä, että murhan takana olisikin ollut Stalin itse. Stalinin kuoleman jälkeen vallinneen suojasään aikana aihe sai paljon huomiota, ja spekulaatiot jatkuivat vielä 1990-luvulla. Yhdysvaltalainen tutkija Matthew E. Lenoe on teoksessaan The Kirov Murder and Soviet History arvioinut, että murhaaja toimi yksin. Kirovin henkivartija kuoli seuraavana päivänä, mutta se on tulkittu aidoksi liikenneonnettomuudeksi eikä salaliiton peittelyksi. Samaan johtopäätökseen tulee Stalin-elämäkerran kirjoittaja Oleg Hlevnjuk, joka toteaa, että Stalinin osuudesta ei ole löytynyt todisteita. Nikolajev oli epävakaa persoona, joten murhan taustalla saattoi olla mustasukkaisuus!
ellauri254.html on line 814: Party spokesman Andrei Zhdanov (1896-1948), formally addressing the Soviet writers in Leningrad, quoted Lunz (as above) and declared: “This is the preaching of rotten apoliticism, philistinism and vulgarity.” Njekulturno, in a word.
ellauri254.html on line 816: Kaverin managed to republish Lunz's last play, Gorod Pravdy [The City of Truth], in a theatrical journal in 1989, one year after he had helped to effect the first publication in the Soviet Union of Yevgeny Zamyatin's anti-utopian novel, My [We, 1920]. The censorship board was beginning to crack, but still the Lunz collection was delayed beyond the life of the last Serapion (Kaverin) and the end of the Soviet system. Koska matka oli hauska niin, ottivat he mukaan vielä yhden kaverin.
ellauri254.html on line 820: Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky (Russian: Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский, IPA: [ˈʂklofskʲɪj]; 24 January [O.S. 12 January] 1893 – 6 December 1984) was a skinhead Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. He is one of the major figures associated with Russia formalism.
ellauri254.html on line 823: Shklovsky returned to St. Petersburg in early 1918, after the October Revolution. During the Civil War he opposed Bolshevism and took part in an anti-Bolshevik plot organised by members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. After the conspiracy was discovered by the Cheka, Shklovsky went into hiding, traveling in Russia and the Ukraine, but was eventually pardoned in 1919 due to his connections with Maxim Gorky, and decided to abstain from political activity. His two brothers were executed by the Soviet regime (one in 1918, the other in 1937) and his sister died from hunger in St. Petersburg in 1919.
ellauri254.html on line 825: Shklovsky integrated into Soviet society and even took part in the Russian Civil War, serving in the Red Army. However, in 1922, he had to go into hiding once again, as he was threatened with arrest and possible execution for his former political activities, and he fled via Finland to Germany.
ellauri254.html on line 829: Zamyatin is now considered one of the first Soviet dissidents. He is most famous for his highly influential and widely imitated 1921 dystopian science fiction novel We, which is set in a futuristic police state.
ellauri254.html on line 831: In 1921, We became the first work banned by the Soviet censorship board. Ultimately, Zamyatin arranged for We to be smuggled to the West for publication. The outrage this sparked within the Party and the Union of Soviet Writers led directly to the State-organized defamation and blacklisting of Zamyatin and his successful request for permission from Joseph Stalin to leave his homeland. In 1937 he died in poverty in Paris. Serve him right!
ellauri254.html on line 887: After his forced resignation from active politics in 1989, Tikhonov wrote a letter to Mikhail Gorbachev which stated that he regretted supporting his election to the General Secretaryship. This view was strengthened when the Communist Party was banned in the Soviet Union. After his retirement, he lived the rest of his life in seclusion at his dacha. As one of his friends noted, he lived as "a hermit" and never showed himself in public and that his later life was very difficult as he had no children and because his wife had died. Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union Tikhonov worked as a State Advisor to the Supreme Soviet. Tikhonov died on 1 June 1997 and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery. Shortly before his death, he wrote a letter addressed to Yeltsin: "I ask you to bury me at public expense, since I have no financial savings."
ellauri256.html on line 253: Young Boris grew up at the Arbat, a historical area in Moscow. He was a polymath whose interests included mathematics, biology, chemistry, music, philosophy, and literature. Bugaev attended university at the University of Moscow. He would go on to take part in both the Symbolist movement and the Russian school of neo-Kantianism. Bugaev became friendly with Alexander Blok and his wife; he fell in love with her, which caused tensions between the two poets. One of his notions was the Eternal Feminine, which he equated it with the "world soul" and the "supra-individual ego", the ego shared by all individuals. He supported the Bolshevik rise to power and later dedicated his efforts to Soviet culture, serving on the Organizational Committee of the Union of Soviet Writers.
ellauri256.html on line 391: Mayakovsky produced a large and diverse body of work during the course of his career: he wrote poems, wrote and directed plays, appeared in films, edited the art journal LEF, and produced agitprop posters in support of the Communist Party during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. Though Mayakovsky's work regularly demonstrated ideological and patriotic support for the ideology of the Bolsheviks and a strong admiration of Vladimir Lenin, his relationship with the Soviet state was always complex and often tumultuous. Mayakovsky often found himself engaged in confrontation with the increasing involvement of the Soviet state in cultural censorship and the development of the State doctrine of Socialist realism. Works that criticized or satirized aspects of the Soviet system, such as the poem "Talking With the Taxman About Poetry" (1926), and the plays The Bedbug (1929) and The Bathhouse (1929), met with scorn from the Soviet state and literary establishment. Majakovskin lehdykkä Lef teki pilkkaa serapioniveljistä. Ei ois kannattanut. Fedin pani sen hampaankoloon ja Zishtshov närkästyi.
ellauri257.html on line 504: Still, Singer was a married man, but not to Runia (Rachel) Pontsch, who in 1929 gave birth to a son, Israel Zamir, Singer's only child. In Warsaw, before immigrating to the United States, he had a child out of wedlock with one of his mistresses, Runia Shapira, a rabbi’s daughter. She was a Communist expelled from the Soviet Union for her Zionist sympathies. In his 1995 memoir, “A Journey to My Father, Isaac Bashevis Singer,” Zamir recounts how he and his mother ended up in Palestine. But since Singer and Runia separated when Zamir (born in 1929) was little, the report is almost totally deprived of a domestic portrait.
ellauri267.html on line 97: Based on the novel by Walter Wager, "Telefon" has not aged well because it'(TM)s so dependent on the cold war tension that existed between the USSR and the US in the Seventies. The film is basically a cat-and-mouse game with Soviet agent Major Grigori Borzov (Charles Bronson, that's right Bronson is a commie) tracking rogue Russian scientist Nicolai Dalmchimsky (Donald Pleasence) across America to prevent him from activating sleeper agents. Borzov is assisted by Barbara (Lee Remick. fresh from "The Omen") who asks more annoying questions than necessary, leading the audience to believe she may not be completely true to the motherland. The film's middle section is dragged down by repetitive bomb scares. Dalmichimsky is working from outdated intelligence so his targets are all de-classified U.S. Military installations. Once Borzov realizes the pattern and hones in the next target the action shifts to a more linear chase that'(TM)s further heightened by Barbara'(TM)s loyalties. But the ultimate showdown is deflating because beyond some silly disguises Pleasence's Dalmichimsky is never built up to be a threat. Director Don Siegel uses his flair for montage to craft a his action sequences without dialogue. "Telefon" is a road movie, much like Alfred Hitchcock's "Saboteur" and "North by Northwest" had their leads criss-crossing America here we see plenty of seventies architecture including San Francisco's Hyatt Regency Hotel (used in "The Towering Inferno") and a modernist house resting on top of a barren rock outcropping. The supporting cast is uniformly good (but trapped in underwritten roles), and it'(TM)s nice to see veteran character actors Alan Badel and Patrick Magee playing snotty KGB strategists, and Tyne Daly in a small (and ultimately irrelevant role) as a computer geek. Trivia note: The poem that activates the Russian sleeper agents was used by Quentin Tarantino in "Death Proof" as the lines Jungle Julia has her listeners recite to Butterfly. The lines are an excerpt of the poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost. "The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep."
ellauri275.html on line 97: The Europe-Georgia Institute (EGI) is the leading hybrid warfare independent civil society organization in Georgia. Our mission is to advance "democracy", "human rights", "rule of law", and - first and foremost - free markets in Georgia and the Caucasus, and to empower a new generation of leaders to find solutions that are essential for Georgia’s development and for successful common future of the Caucasus. Our mission is to inspire, motivate, empower, and connect people to change their world. Its founder, one Melashvili, is the holder of the first prize award for his essay about Janri Kashia’s book “Totalitarianism” and Mikheil Javakhishvili Medal for a documentary film about Soviet repressions.
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ellauri278.html on line 155: He is known as a state prosecutor of Joseph Stalin's Moscow Trials and in the Nuremberg trials. He was the Soviet Foreign Minister from 1949 to 1953, after having served as Deputy Foreign Minister under Vyacheslav Molotov since 1940.
ellauri278.html on line 161: Shoot these rabid dogs. Death to this gang who hide their ferocious teeth, their eagle claws, from the people! Down with that vulture Trotsky, from whose mouth a bloody venom drips, putrefying the great ideals of Marxism! ... Down with these abject animals! Let's put an end once and for all to these miserable hybrids of foxes and pigs, these stinking corpses! Let's exterminate the mad dogs of capitalism, who want to tear to pieces the flower of our new Soviet nation! Let's push the bestial hatred they bear our leaders back down their own throats!
ellauri278.html on line 167: He spoke good French, was quick, clever and efficient, and always knew his dossier well, but whereas I had a certain unwilling respect for Molotov, I had none at all for Vyshinsky. All Soviet officials at that time had no choice but to carry out Stalin's policies without asking too many questions, but Vyshinsky above all gave me the impression of a cringing toadie only too anxious to obey His Master's Voice even before it had expressed his wishes. ... I always had the feeling with Vyshinsky that his past as a Menshevik together with his Polish and bourgeois background made him particularly servile and obsequious in his dealings with Stalin and to a lesser extent with Molotov.
ellauri278.html on line 171: We must bear in mind that the growth of the power of the Soviet state will increase the resistance of the last remnants of the dying classes. It is precisely because they are dying, and living their last days that they will pass from one form of attack to another, to sharper forms of attack, appealing to the backward strata of the population, and mobilizing them against the Soviet power. There is no foul lie or slander that these 'have-beens' would not use against the Soviet power and around which they would not try to mobilize the backward elements. This may give ground for the revival of the activities of the defeated groups of the old counter-revolutionary parties: the Socialist-Revolutionaries, the Mensheviks (glup), the bourgeois Malo-Russian nationalists (double glup) in the centre and in the outlying regions; it may give grounds also for the revival of the activities of the fragments of counter-revolutionary opposition elements from among the Trotskyites and the Right deviationists. Of course, there is nothing terrible in this. But we must bear all this in mind if we want to put an end to these elements quickly and without great loss."
ellauri278.html on line 190: Chicherin and Litvinov were temperamental opposites and became rivals. Chicherin had a cultivated, polished personal style but held strongly anti-Western opinions. He sought to hold Soviet Russia aloof from diplomatic deal-making with capitalist powers.
ellauri278.html on line 204: Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (Russian pronunciation: [mɐkˈsʲim mɐkˈsʲiməvʲɪtɕ lʲɪˈtvʲinəf]; born Meir Henoch Wallach; 17 July 1876–31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary, and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat who served as People´s Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930 to 1939. Hizi sekin oli jutku!
ellauri278.html on line 214: In February 1921, the Soviet government was approached by the government of the unilaterally declared Irish Republic in Dublin with proposals for a treaty of mutual recognition and assistance. Despairing of early American recognition for the Irish Republic, President of the Dáil Éireann Éamon De Valera had redirected his envoy Patrick McCartan from Washington to Moscow. McCartan may have assumed Litvinov, with his Irish experience, would be a ready ally. Litvinov, however, told McCarten the Soviet priority was a trade agreement with the UK.
ellauri278.html on line 216: On 6 February 1933, Litvinov made the most-significant speech of his career, in which he tried to define aggression. He stated the internal situation of a country, alleged maladministration, possible danger to foreign residents, and civil unrest in a neighbouring country were not justifications for war. This speech became the authority when war was justified. British politician Anthony Eden had said; "to try to define aggression was a trap for the innocent and protection for the guilty". In 1946, the British Government supported Litvinov’s definition of aggression by accusing the Soviet Union of not complying with Litvinov’s definition of aggression. Finland made similar criticisms against the Soviet Union in 1939.
ellauri278.html on line 224: In 1933, Litvinov was instrumental in winning a long-sought formal diplomatic recognition of the Soviet government by the United States. US President Franklin Roosevelt sent comedian Harpo Marx to the Soviet Union as a goodwill ambassador. Isosetä Karl oli näät disponibiliteetissa. Litvinov and Marx became friends and performed a routine on stage together. Litvinov also facilitated the acceptance of the Soviet Union into the League of Nations, where he represented his country from 1934 to 1938. Litvinov has been considered to have concentrated on taking strong measures against Italy, Japan and Germany, and being little interested in other matters.
ellauri278.html on line 227: An emergency meeting of the main European powers – not including Czechoslovakia, although their representatives were present in the town, or the Soviet Union, an ally to both France and Czechoslovakia – took place in Munich, Germany, on 29–30 September 1938. An agreement was quickly reached on Hitler´s terms, and signed by the leaders of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy. The Czechoslovak mountainous borderland that the powers offered to appease Germany had not only marked the natural border between the Czech state and the Germanic states since the early Middle Ages, but it also presented a major natural obstacle to any possible German attack. Having been strengthened by significant border fortifications, the Sudetenland was of absolute strategic importance to Czechoslovakia.
ellauri278.html on line 231: On 3 May 1939, Stalin replaced Litvinov, who was closely identified with the anti-German position, with Vyacheslav Molotov. At a prearranged meeting, Stalin said: "The Soviet Government intended to improve its relations with Hitler and if possible sign a pact with Nazi Germany. As a Jew and an avowed opponent of such a policy, Litvinov stood in the way." Litvinov argued and banged on the table. Stalin then demanded Litvinov to sign a letter of resignation. On the night of Litvinov´s dismissal, NKVD troops surrounded the offices of the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. The telephone at Litvinov´s dacha was disconnected and the following morning, Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lavrenty Beria arrived at the commissariat to inform Litvinov of his dismissal. Many of Litvinov´s aides were arrested and beaten, possibly to extract compromising information.
ellauri278.html on line 233: Hitler took Litvinov’s removal more seriously than Chamberlain. The German ambassador to the Soviet Union, Schulenburg, was in Iran. Hilger, the First Secretary, was summoned to see Hitler, who asked why Stalin might have dismissed Litvinov. Hilger said: "According to my firm belief he [Stalin] had done so because Litvinov had pressed for an understanding with France and Britain while Stalin thought the Western powers were aiming to have the Soviet Union pull the chestnuts out of the fire in the event of war".
ellauri278.html on line 238: Litvinov myönsi että Molotov-Ribbentrop sopimus oli ryssiltä hyvä ratkaisu siinä tapauksessa, vaikka aina hyvä ratkaisu on Kaleva-puku. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that enabled those powers to partition Eastern Europe between them. The pact was signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov and was officially known as the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Unofficially, it has also been referred to as the Hitler–Stalin Pact, Nazi–Soviet Pact or Nazi–Soviet Alliance.
ellauri278.html on line 240: The imperialists in these two countries had done everything they could to goad Hitler’s Germany against the Soviet Union by secret deals and provocative moves. In the circumstances the Soviet Union could either accept German proposals for a non-aggression treaty and thus secure a period of peace in which to redouble preparations to repulse the aggressor; or turn down Germany’s proposals and let the warmongers in the Western camp push the Soviet Union into an armed conflict with Germany in unfavourable circumstances and in a setting of complete isolation. In this situation the Soviet Government was compelled to make the difficult choice and conclude a non-aggression treaty with Germany. I, too, would probably have concluded a pact with Germany although a bit differently.
ellauri278.html on line 244: Given Litvinov´s prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by Kremlin standards, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany. Molotov´s appointment was a signal to Germany the USSR would negotiate. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote Litvinov´s disappearance meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov´s modus operandi was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan".
ellauri278.html on line 246: With regard to the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with secret protocols dividing Eastern Europe three months later, Hitler told military commanders; "Litvinov´s replacement was decisive". A German official told the Soviet Ambassador Hitler was pleased Litvinov´s replacement Molotov was not Jewish.
ellauri278.html on line 248: In the 21-month period between the declaration of war by France and Britain, and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany, Ivy Litvinov describes this period of her life. She said the family spent their time with their daughter-in-law in their dacha 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Moscow and outside school holidays in the family apartment in Moscow, when they spent long weekends in the country. For two years, the family played bridge, read music, and went on long walks in the countryside with their two dogs.
ellauri278.html on line 252: Even to Litvinov, the German invasion of the Soviet Union was a surprise; he did not believe Hitler would risk embarking on a second front at this stage of the war. Churchill informed the world Hitler´s actions were not a surprise to him, and that a victory over the USSR by Hitler would be a catastrophe for the British Empire.
ellauri278.html on line 256: Litvinov immediately gained popularity. In early December 1941, the Soviet Union’s war-relief organisation called a large meeting in Madison Square, New York City, where the auditorium was filled to capacity. Litvinov, speaking in English, told of the suffering in the Soviet Union. A woman in the front row ran up to the stage and donated her diamond necklace; whilst another gave a cheque for $15,000. At the end, Litvinov said; "What we need is a second necklace".
ellauri278.html on line 260: After returning to Soviet Union, Litvinov became deputy minister for foreign affairs. He was dismissed from his post after an interview given to Richard C. Hottelet on 18 June 1946 in which he said a war between the West and the Soviet Union was inevitable.
ellauri278.html on line 262: Maxim Litvinov died on on 31 December 1951. After his death, rumours he was murdered on Stalin´s instructions to the Ministry of Internal Affairs circulated. According to Anastas Mikoyan, alorry deliberately collided with Litvinov´s car as it rounded a bend near the Litvinov dacha on 31 December 1951, and he later died of his injuries. British television journalist Tim Tzouliadis stated; "The assassination of Litvinov marked an intensification of Stalin´s anti-Semitic campaign". According to Litvinov´s wife and daughter, however, Stalin was still on good terms with Litvinov at the time of his death. They said he had serious heart problems and was given the best treatment available during the final weeks of his life, and that he died from a heart attack on 31 December 1951. After Litvinov´s death, his widow Ivy remained in the Soviet Union until she returned to live in Britain in 1972.
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ellauri279.html on line 187: Vuonna 2005 Oxfordin yliopiston professori Catriona Kelly julkaisi kirjan Toveri Pavlik: The Rise and Fall of a Soviet Boy Hero. Kelly väitti seuranneessa kiistassa, että "vaikka OGPU:n toissijaisten tosiseikkojen tukahduttamisesta ja salaamisesta on jälkiä, ei ole mitään syytä uskoa, että murha itse olisi niiden aiheuttama."
ellauri279.html on line 197: When Yuri joined the faculty of the Department of German and Russian at UCD in January, 1989, none of his colleagues had any idea of the remarkable fifty-five years of his life that had preceded his arrival in Davis. Some of us were aware of the fact that he had been censored for his writing in the Soviet Union, but most, if not all of us, were ignorant of the attack leveled against him in 1974 by the newspaper Izvestiya, which accused him of having slandered the Soviet people, or of his having been removed from the Writers Union of the USSR in 1977 and declared “a traitor to the motherland” for his participation in the Samizdat underground publishing movement. In 1986, he was threatened by the KGB with either incarceration in a prison camp or confinement to a psychiatric ward, where he might well have languished had it not been for the intervention of Western writers such as Kurt Vonnegut and Arthur Miller, as well as, the International PEN-Club. Yuri was banished from his homeland a year later. He became a leading literary figure among Russian émigré writers while in exile, living first in Vienna, and then in Texas, before coming to California.
ellauri279.html on line 199: In his sensational exposé, Informer 001 or the Myth of Pavlik Morozov, a product of research carried out clandestinely in the Soviet Union between 1980 and 1984, he demolished the long-standing, “official” Soviet version of the young, thirteen-year old “pioneer” (who never was) and communist martyr – designated, in 1934, a Soviet literary hero at the First Congress of Soviet Writers – who had turned in his father to the authorities for treasonable activity. The boy was subsequently murdered, according to the authorities, by members of his own family. The young Pavlik did, in fact, denounce his father, but, as Yuri demonstrates, he appears to have been put up to it by his mother, seeking revenge for her husband’s infidelity. As to who actually killed Pavlik, Yuri establishes that it was certainly not family members who were hauled before a Soviet court and subsequently executed. No less a literary figure than Alexander Solzhenitsyn hailed the publication of the book in 1987, claiming that it was “through books such as this that as many Soviet lies will eventually be told as revealed.”
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ellauri281.html on line 154: He is known as a state prosecutor of Joseph Stalin's Moscow Trials and in the Nuremberg trials. He was the Soviet Foreign Minister from 1949 to 1953, after having served as Deputy Foreign Minister under Vyacheslav Molotov since 1940.
ellauri281.html on line 160: Shoot these rabid dogs. Death to this gang who hide their ferocious teeth, their eagle claws, from the people! Down with that vulture Trotsky, from whose mouth a bloody venom drips, putrefying the great ideals of Marxism! ... Down with these abject animals! Let's put an end once and for all to these miserable hybrids of foxes and pigs, these stinking corpses! Let's exterminate the mad dogs of capitalism, who want to tear to pieces the flower of our new Soviet nation! Let's push the bestial hatred they bear our leaders back down their own throats!
ellauri281.html on line 166: He spoke good French, was quick, clever and efficient, and always knew his dossier well, but whereas I had a certain unwilling respect for Molotov, I had none at all for Vyshinsky. All Soviet officials at that time had no choice but to carry out Stalin's policies without asking too many questions, but Vyshinsky above all gave me the impression of a cringing toadie only too anxious to obey His Master's Voice even before it had expressed his wishes. ... I always had the feeling with Vyshinsky that his past as a Menshevik together with his Polish and bourgeois background made him particularly servile and obsequious in his dealings with Stalin and to a lesser extent with Molotov.
ellauri281.html on line 170: We must bear in mind that the growth of the power of the Soviet state will increase the resistance of the last remnants of the dying classes. It is precisely because they are dying, and living their last days that they will pass from one form of attack to another, to sharper forms of attack, appealing to the backward strata of the population, and mobilizing them against the Soviet power. There is no foul lie or slander that these 'have-beens' would not use against the Soviet power and around which they would not try to mobilize the backward elements. This may give ground for the revival of the activities of the defeated groups of the old counter-revolutionary parties: the Socialist-Revolutionaries, the Mensheviks (glup), the bourgeois Malo-Russian nationalists (double glup) in the centre and in the outlying regions; it may give grounds also for the revival of the activities of the fragments of counter-revolutionary opposition elements from among the Trotskyites and the Right deviationists. Of course, there is nothing terrible in this. But we must bear all this in mind if we want to put an end to these elements quickly and without great loss."
ellauri281.html on line 189: Chicherin and Litvinov were temperamental opposites and became rivals. Chicherin had a cultivated, polished personal style but held strongly anti-Western opinions. He sought to hold Soviet Russia aloof from diplomatic deal-making with capitalist powers.
ellauri281.html on line 203: Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (Russian pronunciation: [mɐkˈsʲim mɐkˈsʲiməvʲɪtɕ lʲɪˈtvʲinəf]; born Meir Henoch Wallach; 17 July 1876–31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary, and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat who served as People´s Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930 to 1939. Hizi sekin oli jutku!
ellauri281.html on line 213: In February 1921, the Soviet government was approached by the government of the unilaterally declared Irish Republic in Dublin with proposals for a treaty of mutual recognition and assistance. Despairing of early American recognition for the Irish Republic, President of the Dáil Éireann Éamon De Valera had redirected his envoy Patrick McCartan from Washington to Moscow. McCartan may have assumed Litvinov, with his Irish experience, would be a ready ally. Litvinov, however, told McCarten the Soviet priority was a trade agreement with the UK.
ellauri281.html on line 215: On 6 February 1933, Litvinov made the most-significant speech of his career, in which he tried to define aggression. He stated the internal situation of a country, alleged maladministration, possible danger to foreign residents, and civil unrest in a neighbouring country were not justifications for war. This speech became the authority when war was justified. British politician Anthony Eden had said; "to try to define aggression was a trap for the innocent and protection for the guilty". In 1946, the British Government supported Litvinov’s definition of aggression by accusing the Soviet Union of not complying with Litvinov’s definition of aggression. Finland made similar criticisms against the Soviet Union in 1939.
ellauri281.html on line 223: In 1933, Litvinov was instrumental in winning a long-sought formal diplomatic recognition of the Soviet government by the United States. US President Franklin Roosevelt sent comedian Harpo Marx to the Soviet Union as a goodwill ambassador. Isosetä Karl oli näät disponibiliteetissa. Litvinov and Marx became friends and performed a routine on stage together. Litvinov also facilitated the acceptance of the Soviet Union into the League of Nations, where he represented his country from 1934 to 1938. Litvinov has been considered to have concentrated on taking strong measures against Italy, Japan and Germany, and being little interested in other matters.
ellauri281.html on line 226: An emergency meeting of the main European powers – not including Czechoslovakia, although their representatives were present in the town, or the Soviet Union, an ally to both France and Czechoslovakia – took place in Munich, Germany, on 29–30 September 1938. An agreement was quickly reached on Hitler´s terms, and signed by the leaders of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy. The Czechoslovak mountainous borderland that the powers offered to appease Germany had not only marked the natural border between the Czech state and the Germanic states since the early Middle Ages, but it also presented a major natural obstacle to any possible German attack. Having been strengthened by significant border fortifications, the Sudetenland was of absolute strategic importance to Czechoslovakia.
ellauri281.html on line 230: On 3 May 1939, Stalin replaced Litvinov, who was closely identified with the anti-German position, with Vyacheslav Molotov. At a prearranged meeting, Stalin said: "The Soviet Government intended to improve its relations with Hitler and if possible sign a pact with Nazi Germany. As a Jew and an avowed opponent of such a policy, Litvinov stood in the way." Litvinov argued and banged on the table. Stalin then demanded Litvinov to sign a letter of resignation. On the night of Litvinov´s dismissal, NKVD troops surrounded the offices of the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. The telephone at Litvinov´s dacha was disconnected and the following morning, Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lavrenty Beria arrived at the commissariat to inform Litvinov of his dismissal. Many of Litvinov´s aides were arrested and beaten, possibly to extract compromising information.
ellauri281.html on line 232: Hitler took Litvinov’s removal more seriously than Chamberlain. The German ambassador to the Soviet Union, Schulenburg, was in Iran. Hilger, the First Secretary, was summoned to see Hitler, who asked why Stalin might have dismissed Litvinov. Hilger said: "According to my firm belief he [Stalin] had done so because Litvinov had pressed for an understanding with France and Britain while Stalin thought the Western powers were aiming to have the Soviet Union pull the chestnuts out of the fire in the event of war".
ellauri281.html on line 237: Litvinov myönsi että Molotov-Ribbentrop sopimus oli ryssiltä hyvä ratkaisu siinä tapauksessa, vaikka aina hyvä ratkaisu on Kaleva-puku. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that enabled those powers to partition Eastern Europe between them. The pact was signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov and was officially known as the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Unofficially, it has also been referred to as the Hitler–Stalin Pact, Nazi–Soviet Pact or Nazi–Soviet Alliance.
ellauri281.html on line 239: The imperialists in these two countries had done everything they could to goad Hitler’s Germany against the Soviet Union by secret deals and provocative moves. In the circumstances the Soviet Union could either accept German proposals for a non-aggression treaty and thus secure a period of peace in which to redouble preparations to repulse the aggressor; or turn down Germany’s proposals and let the warmongers in the Western camp push the Soviet Union into an armed conflict with Germany in unfavourable circumstances and in a setting of complete isolation. In this situation the Soviet Government was compelled to make the difficult choice and conclude a non-aggression treaty with Germany. I, too, would probably have concluded a pact with Germany although a bit differently.
ellauri281.html on line 243: Given Litvinov´s prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by Kremlin standards, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany. Molotov´s appointment was a signal to Germany the USSR would negotiate. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote Litvinov´s disappearance meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov´s modus operandi was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan".
ellauri281.html on line 245: With regard to the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with secret protocols dividing Eastern Europe three months later, Hitler told military commanders; "Litvinov´s replacement was decisive". A German official told the Soviet Ambassador Hitler was pleased Litvinov´s replacement Molotov was not Jewish.
ellauri281.html on line 247: In the 21-month period between the declaration of war by France and Britain, and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany, Ivy Litvinov describes this period of her life. She said the family spent their time with their daughter-in-law in their dacha 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Moscow and outside school holidays in the family apartment in Moscow, when they spent long weekends in the country. For two years, the family played bridge, read music, and went on long walks in the countryside with their two dogs.
ellauri281.html on line 251: Even to Litvinov, the German invasion of the Soviet Union was a surprise; he did not believe Hitler would risk embarking on a second front at this stage of the war. Churchill informed the world Hitler´s actions were not a surprise to him, and that a victory over the USSR by Hitler would be a catastrophe for the British Empire.
ellauri281.html on line 255: Litvinov immediately gained popularity. In early December 1941, the Soviet Union’s war-relief organisation called a large meeting in Madison Square, New York City, where the auditorium was filled to capacity. Litvinov, speaking in English, told of the suffering in the Soviet Union. A woman in the front row ran up to the stage and donated her diamond necklace; whilst another gave a cheque for $15,000. At the end, Litvinov said; "What we need is a second necklace".
ellauri281.html on line 259: After returning to Soviet Union, Litvinov became deputy minister for foreign affairs. He was dismissed from his post after an interview given to Richard C. Hottelet on 18 June 1946 in which he said a war between the West and the Soviet Union was inevitable.
ellauri281.html on line 261: Maxim Litvinov died on on 31 December 1951. After his death, rumours he was murdered on Stalin´s instructions to the Ministry of Internal Affairs circulated. According to Anastas Mikoyan, alorry deliberately collided with Litvinov´s car as it rounded a bend near the Litvinov dacha on 31 December 1951, and he later died of his injuries. British television journalist Tim Tzouliadis stated; "The assassination of Litvinov marked an intensification of Stalin´s anti-Semitic campaign". According to Litvinov´s wife and daughter, however, Stalin was still on good terms with Litvinov at the time of his death. They said he had serious heart problems and was given the best treatment available during the final weeks of his life, and that he died from a heart attack on 31 December 1951. After Litvinov´s death, his widow Ivy remained in the Soviet Union until she returned to live in Britain in 1972.
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ellauri290.html on line 110: Israel's primary objective was to re-open the blocked Straits of Tiran. WTF, they occupied and consequently expropriated most of Palestinian land property. After the fighting had started, political pressure from the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations led to a withdrawal by the three invaders. The episode humiliated the United Kingdom and France and strengthened Nasser. Joka sai sitten kyllä kunnolla nenuun USA:n varustamilta Jehovan sotajoukoilta 10v myöhemmin 7 päivän salamasodassa 1967 (kz. esim. albumia 263).
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ellauri308.html on line 41: Sovietskiye devushki erotika! Vapaana kasvanut röyheä karvatuhero taustana Marxin kootut teoxet, pesukomuutti ja emaliämpäri, ei mitään nekulturny länsimaista porzellan. Äh, kuva 125 katosi, korvikkeena vähemmän heruttava bw kiska taigaluonnossa. ellauri308.html on line 775:
ellauri310.html on line 669: The Soviet Union's war doctrine depended heavily on the main battle tank. Any weapon advancement making the MBT obsolete could have devastated the Soviet Union's fighting capability. The United States's experience in the Vietnam War contributed to the idea among army leadership that the role of the main battle tank could be fulfilled by attack helicopters. During the Vietnam War, helicopters and missiles competed with MBTs for research money.
ellauri310.html on line 754: Typical main battle tanks were as well armed as any other vehicle on the battlefield, highly mobile, and well armoured. Yet they were cheap enough to be built in large numbers. The first Soviet main battle tank was the T-64 (the T-54/55 and T-62 were considered "medium" tanks) and the first American nomenclature-designated MBT was the M60 tank.
ellauri310.html on line 755:
By the late 1970s, MBTs were manufactured by China, France, West Germany, Britain, India, Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.
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ellauri316.html on line 822: In 2019, the town of Lemont, Illinois installed a statue honoring Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas, who led the Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF) on an anti-Soviet campaign with Hitler’s army. The LAF murdered thousands of Lithuanian Jews in June 1941 during the early period of the Nazi invasion. The Forest Brothers, a partisan militia of Latvians, Estonians, and Lithuanians who also collaborated with the Nazis. In 2017, NATO produced a video honoring the Forest Brothers but quickly deleted it after public outcry.
ellauri316.html on line 824: “The Germans know, as many Americans do not, that the war was won at Stalingrad and that 27 million Soviet citizens died in the fight against the Wehrmacht,” Neiman told ARTnews. “Among decent Germans who want to acknowledge their country’s crimes, there is a strong sense of guilt for the war against the Russians.”
ellauri316.html on line 830: Stalin’s inability to initially contain the advancing Nazi war machine convinced Vlasov that the Soviet system was rotten to the core. Taken by his captors to Germany, he began to conceive of a Russian army that would fight for the Third Reich in the name of a post-Bolshevik Russia.
ellauri316.html on line 831: In 1943, Vlasov published the Smolensk Proclamation, in which he declared that Bolshevism was “the enemy of the Russian people.” His aim was to recruit other Russians now in Germany—the Nazis had taken hundreds of thousands of Red Army soldiers prisoner in the first two years of the war— to unite against the Soviet Union.
ellauri316.html on line 836: Vlasov wanted to form a Russian anti-Soviet force, but Hitler was reluctant, fearing latent sympathies with Moscow. But by late 1944, he had few other options. Vlasov finally prevailed on Heinrich Himmler, the brutal SS chief. Himmler in turn managed to convince the increasingly desperate Hitler.
ellauri316.html on line 839: Its life would be short. Vlasov’s division fought only once for the Nazis, in February 1945, in a futile attempt to stop the Soviet push across the Oder River and into the heart of the Third Reich.
ellauri316.html on line 840: After being beaten back by Soviet forces, the Russian Liberation Army retreated to Prague. In yet another reversal of loyalties, Vlasov hoped to help anti-Nazi forces and eventually surrender to the United States.
ellauri316.html on line 842: Here, again, Vlasov was unlucky. He surrendered to the United States, but the Americans turned him over to the Soviets. Vlasov was taken to Moscow, where he was imprisoned and ultimately executed.
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ellauri317.html on line 395: Venäjän liittopresidentin toimikunta torjuu yrityksiä väärentää historiaa Venäjän etujen kustannuksella. Amerikka onkin väärällään ryssistä loikanneista historian väärentäjiä. Levada Center leimattiin 2016 ulkomaiseksi agentiksi vuoden 2012 lain mukaisesti. Sen yksi suurimmista hankkeista on tutkimus "The Soviet Person" eli Homo Soveticus, venäjä: Советский человек. Se on vaarantunut laji, uhanalaisuusluokitus on kirkkaanpunainen.
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ellauri328.html on line 432: "Hoodwinking the Soviets" -näyttelyvideolla Howard selittää, kuinka hän ja hänen kollegansa käyttivät kaikkia tavanomaisia menetelmiä pyhien kirjoitusten salakuljetuksessa Venäjälle. Suunnitelma A sisälsi itse asiassa useita suunnitelmia: Raamattujen piilottaminen puskureihin, bensatankkeihin ja autojen renkaisiin; lahjoa rajavartijoita "huomaamaan" Raamattua; ja Raamattujen pakkaaminen miehistöineen risteilyaluksille ja lautoilla.
ellauri338.html on line 46: Schelling was a senior staff member of the RAND Corporation (1958–59), where his analysis of the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union led to his publication of The Strategy of Conflict (1960).
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ellauri347.html on line 431: And while some post-Soviet and Eastern European states – and even their populations – may desire closer relations with Russia, none of them want to sacrifice their hamburgers and Coke.
ellauri353.html on line 406: Soviet author and former Babel protégé Ilya Ehrenburg. ellauri355.html on line 51: Lokakuu on ryssissä ollut vallankumouxellinen. In September and October 1993, a constitutional crisis arose in the Russian Federation from a conflict between President Boris Yeltsin and Russia's parliament. President Yeltsin performed a self-coup, dissolving parliament and instituting a presidential rule by decree system. The crisis ended with Yeltsin using military force to attack Moscow's House of Soviets and arrest the lawmakers. In Russia, the events are known as the October Coup (Russian: Октябрьский путч, romanized: Oktyabr'skiy putch) or Black October (Russian: Чëрный октябрь, romanized: Chyorniy Oktyabr').
ellauri355.html on line 80: Vuoden 1993 selkkausta ei pie sekottoo aiempaan vuoden 1991 takaiskuun ja sitä seuranneeseen kommarien tumppauxeen. The State Committee on the State of Emergency (Russian: Госуда́рственный комите́т по чрезвыча́йному положе́нию, tr. Gosudárstvenny komitét po chrezvycháynomu polozhéniyu, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj kəmʲɪˈtʲet pə tɕrʲɪzvɨˈtɕæjnəmʊ pəlɐˈʐɛnʲɪjʊ]), abbreviated as SCSE (Russian: ГКЧП, tr. GKChP), was a self-proclaimed political body in the Soviet Union that existed from 19 to 21 August 1991. It included a group of eight high-level Soviet officials within the Soviet government, the Communist Party, and the KGB, who attempted a coup d'état against Mikhail Gorbachev on 19 August 1991. The American publicist Georges Obolensky called it the Gang of Eight.
ellauri355.html on line 86: The GKChP hardliners dispatched KGB agents, who detained Gorbachev at his holiday estate but failed to detain the recently elected president of a newly reconstituted Russia, Boris Yeltsin, who had been both an ally and critic of Gorbachev. The GKChP was poorly organized and met with effective resistance by both Yeltsin and a civilian campaign of anti-authoritarian protesters, mainly in Moscow. The coup collapsed in two days, and Gorbachev returned to office while the plotters all lost their posts. Yeltsin subsequently became the dominant leader and Gorbachev lost much of his influence. The failed coup led to both the immediate collapse of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the dissolution of the USSR four months later.
ellauri355.html on line 88: On 24 August 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev created the so-called "Committee for the Operational Management of the Soviet Economy" (Комитет по оперативному управлению народным хозяйством СССР), to replace the USSR Cabinet of Ministers headed by Valentin Pavlov, a GKChP member. Russian Prime Minister Ivan Silayev headed the committee. Gorbachev's decree on replacing the Cabinet of Ministers was illegal under Soviet law as it required approval from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, but no approval by the Supreme Soviet was ever given.
ellauri355.html on line 90: In a decree, Yeltsin ordered the transfer of the CPSU archives to the state archive authorities, and nationalized all CPSU assets in the Russian SFSR (these included not only party committee headquarters but also assets such as educational institutions and hotels).[citation needed] The party's Central Committee headquarters were handed over to the Government of Moscow. On 6 November, Yeltsin issued a decree banning the party in Russia. These decrees issued by Yeltsin were illegal under Soviet law.
ellauri355.html on line 100: Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov (Russian: Дми́трий Тимофе́евич Я́зов; 8 November 1924 – 25 February 2020) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union. A veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Yazov served as Minister of Defence from 1987 until he was arrested for his part in the 1991 August Coup, four months before the fall of the Soviet Union. Yazov was the last person to be appointed to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union on 28 April 1990, the only Marshal born in Siberia, and at the time of his death on 25 February 2020, he was the last living Marshal of the Soviet Union. Now they are no marshals left in Soviet Union.
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ellauri368.html on line 327: Revealer of Secrets is particularly pertinent at the end of the twentieth century. We seem to be post-everything in this fin-de-siècle twilight of the millennium. Our age is called post-War, post-Shoah, post-Soviet Union, post-Cold War, and maybe even post Zionist. Aaron Lansky calls the new building for the National Yiddish Book Center "heymish modern," but others will say that it is post-shtetl or post-modern. In our crowded post-age obsessed by imitation, influence, and parody, the time is right for a rediscovery of Joseph Perl's masterful parody of hasidic writing.
ellauri370.html on line 145: D) Right after WWI, the Ukrainian nationalists killed 100,000 Jews in terrible massacres. This is a forgotten tragedy. Another wave of desperate Russian Jews then immigrated to USA, till the Communists sealed the Soviet borders in 1922.
ellauri370.html on line 151: G) In the 1970's, masses of American Jews protested publically for Soviet Jews. 150,000 Soviet Jewish activists were able to emigrate to Israel thru American intervention. God bless Skip Jackson!
ellauri370.html on line 177: Jackson sponsored the Jackson–Vanik amendment in the Senate (with Charles Vanik sponsoring it in the House), which denied normal trade relations to certain countries with non-market economies that restricted the freedom of emigration. The amendment was intended to help refugees, particularly minorities, specifically Jews, to emigrate from the Soviet Bloc. Jackson and his assistant, Richard Perle, also lobbied personally for some people who were affected by this law such as Anatoly (now Natan) Sharansky.
ellauri370.html on line 200: H) In 1990, the Soviet Union collapsed and there was an upsurge of antisemitism. A wave of 1.2 million former Soviet Jews emigrated to Israel. 300,000 emigrated to the USA. 100,000 emigrated to Germany.
ellauri370.html on line 821: 60-luvulla koitti jotkut soviet siionistit kaapata Tupolevin Suomeen hakeaxeen täältä turvapaikkaoikeutta. Aika huono suunnitelma, oli ehkä hyvä että meni äitiinsä. Juutalainen on aina juutalainen, tai se lakkaa olemasta sellainen. Sionismen har alltid samarbetat med världskapitalismen. Det kan man inte neka. Men är det egentligen en dålig sak? Frågar Poul Borchsenius till sist.
ellauri374.html on line 183: We will also be joined by Ana Sazonova, a Ukrainian-American, who is a tireless advocate for the people of Ukraine and Ukraine’s Jewish community. Learn more about Ana in her bio below. This event is free and open to the public, but registration is required. Featuring Speaker Ana Sazonov. Ana is a remarkable woman with an engaging story about her Ukrainian upbringing and her repressed Jewish identity. After the fall of the Soviet Union, her family made Aliyah. Ana will share her story of embracing Judaism and her Israeli identity.
ellauri374.html on line 185: Ana Sazonova was born in Ukraine to a non-Jewish mother and a father who repressed his Jewish identity. Her family became Ukrainian in every way, which helped them to survive Anti-Semitic attacks and the Holocaust. Ana grew as a Ukrainian girl with no knowledge of Judaism or Israel. After the Soviet Union collapsed, the Jewish Agency sprang into action, promoting the Law of Return, and offered her family the chance to make Aliya and start a new life in the Promised Land.
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ellauri375.html on line 663: Cold War Détente (1960s-1970s): Diplomatic efforts between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War helped to reduce tensions and mitigate the risk of nuclear conflict.
ellauri378.html on line 647: Black Ops takes place between 1961 and 1968 during both the Cold War and the Vietnam War, 16 years to 23 years after the events of World War 3. It portrays a secret history of black operations carried out behind enemy lines by the CIA. Missions take place in various countries around the globe, including Cuba, the Soviet Union, the United States, South Vietnam, China, British Hong Kong, Canada, and Laos. The single-player campaign revolves around the CIA's attempts to stop Sovietsleeper agents embedded in the US, to be activated via broadcasts from a numbers station, deploying an experimental nerve agent and chemical weapon known as "Nova 6".
ellauri378.html on line 649: Opposing the CIA are the leaders of Project Nova: Soviet Army Major General Nikita Dragovich (Eamon Hunt), Colonel Lev Kravchenko (Andrew Divoff), and ex-Nazi scientist Friedrich Steiner (Mark Bramhall). Black Ops also features several historical figures; during the story, Mason meets Fidel Castro, Robert McNamara, and John F. Kennedy.
ellauri378.html on line 651: Imprisoned in a brutal gulag known as Vorkuta, Mason befriends a former Red Army soldier named Viktor Reznov, who gives him the identities of their enemies: Dragovich, Colonel Lev Kravchenko, and ex-Nazi scientist Friedrich Steiner, and reveals his history with them. In October 1945, Reznov and Dimitri Petrenko were sent by Kravchenko and Dragovich to extract Steiner, who wished to defect, from a secret Nazi base on Baffin Island. Upon being rescued, Steiner provided the Soviets with the location of a disabled cargo ship carrying the chemical weapon he had originally developed for Adolf Hitler called Nova 6. However, Reznov and his men were betrayed by Dragovich, who wished to see the effects of the gas first-hand; Reznov was forced to watch Petrenko die horrifically, only being spared himself when British Commandos, interested in also acquiring Nova 6, attacked the cargo ship. Reznov detonated the V-2 rockets onboard the ship during his escape to prevent anyone from using the weapon, destroying it and Nova 6, only to be captured by the Soviets and imprisoned in Vorkuta. The Soviets later recreated Nova 6 with the help of a mad British scientist, Daniel Clarke.
ellauri381.html on line 137: Prior to WWII, when Western Ukraine was a part of Poland, Stepan Bandera’s Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) had been engaged in anti-Polish political and subversive activities with the goal of achieving Ukrainian independence. But after these lands were annexed by the USSR in 1939, the Soviet authorities became the new enemy.
ellauri381.html on line 155: In 1944, Bandera was released from the camp to lead members of the UPA in the struggle with the advancing Red Army and Soviet administration.
ellauri381.html on line 166: Post-Soviet southeastern Ukraine differed from the west of the country all these years in that it did not have its own identity or national identity. This resulted in quite a sad circumstance, given that even when representatives of the southeast were in power in Kiev, the whole humanitarian sphere of politics was left in the hands of Ukrainian nationalists from Galicia.
ellauri381.html on line 177: wwii Russian history Russia-Ukraine relations Soviet Union nationalism Society WWII Ukraine
ellauri381.html on line 447: While serving as a captain in the Red Army during World War II, Solzhenitsyn was arrested by SMERSH and sentenced to eight years in the Gulag and then internal exile for criticizing Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in a private letter. As a result of his experience in prison and the camps, he gradually became a philosophically minded Eastern Orthodox Christian. Just what happened to Dostojevski during his internation.
ellauri381.html on line 449: As a result of the Khrushchev Thaw, Solzhenitsyn was released and exonerated. He pursued writing novels about repression in the Soviet Union and his experiences. He published his first novel, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich in 1962, with approval from Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, which was an account of Stalinist repressions. Actually, it was about a normal day in a labor camp. Following the removal of Khrushchev from power, the Soviet authorities attempted to discourage Solzhenitsyn from writing any more anticommunist crap. He went on anyway, sending the crap to the west. In 1974, Solzhenitsyn was stripped of his Soviet citizenship and flown to West Germany. In 1976, he moved with his family to the United States, where he continued to write. In 1990, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, his citizenship was restored, and four years later he returned to Russia, where he remained until his death in 2008.
ellauri381.html on line 585: Ignat Solzhenitsyn is adamant that his father’s withdrawal from the public sphere was a reaction to the suffering and paranoia he had encountered in the Soviet Union, and the need to write about these experiences. It was not a disapproval of his host country that drove him to hide behind barbed wire fences in the Vermont woods.
ellauri381.html on line 630: Voutov was sent packing. Heath was ordered home. For good measure, the U.S. froze the dollar assets not only of Bulgaria but of two other little Red hens in the Soviet front yard—Rumania and Hungary.
ellauri389.html on line 186: Zimmer kiittää brittiläistä toimittajaa Edward Lucasia siitä, että hän aloitti säännöllisen yleisen käytön sanalle whataboutism putinismista sen ilmestymisen jälkeen blogikirjoituksessa 29. lokakuuta 2007, raportoimalla osana Venäjää koskevaa päiväkirjaa, joka painettiin uudelleen kun Stalin-viittauxet oli vaihdettu Putinixi. The Economistin 2. marraskuuta ilmestyvässä numerossa. 31. tammikuuta 2008 The Economist julkaisi toisen Lucasin artikkelin nimeltä "Whataboutism". Edward Lucas's 2008 Economist article states that "Soviet propagandists during the cold war were trained in a tactic that their western interlocutors nicknamed 'whataboutism'. Writing for Bloomberg News, Leonid Bershidsky called whataboutism a "Russian tradition", while The New Yorker described the technique as "a strategy of false moral equivalences". Myöhemmin Lucas syytti Trumpia whataboutismista, niin että hän "kuulostaa kauheasti Putinilta". Kun juontaja Oh Really kutsui Putinia "tappajaksi", Trump vastasi sanomalla, että myös Yhdysvaltain hallitus syyllistyi ihmisten tappamiseen. Hän vastasi: "Tappajia on paljon. Meillä on paljon tappajia. Mitä luulette - maamme on niin viaton?" Selvää entäilyä!
ellauri393.html on line 276: The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and a major conflict of the Cold War. While the war was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam, the north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist states, while the south was supported by the US and anti-communist allies. This made it a proxy war between the US and Soviet Union, just like the current 3rd Crimean war. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct US military involvement ending in 1973. The conflict spilled into the Laotian and Cambodian civil wars, which ended with all three countries becoming communist in 1975. So much for the domino theory.
ellauri395.html on line 1283: Uzbekistan is the strategic key for all of Central Asia, and tensions remain high between the post-Soviet regime and the Islamist movements (most radical in the Fergana Valley). Much of the population is tired of poverty, corruption, and failure to make economic progress, and Islamists attract jobless young men. Economic prospects have improved recently, as both tourism and employment opportunities for women have improved. Pray for positive change that lasts, and leadership that governs for the sake of the people. Pray for the true peace only Jesus can give.
ellauri402.html on line 487: After the Civil War, increased leftist activity was particularly evident on construction sites. The number of strikes increased and several of them became politicized. The interests of the Communists and the Soviet Union were seen as the reason for the strikes. In 1920, employers' organizations decided to set up a special organization focused on breaking strikes. Martti Pihkala came to lead this organization called Vientirauha. Vientirauha, known as the 'Pihkala Guard', had a maximum of 34,000 men, from which strike breakers could be assembled if necessary. Especially in Southern Ostrobothnia, Pihkala's organization was strong. Vihtori Kosola, the future frontman of the Lapua movement was an agent for the Vientirauha. The best known of the strikes broken by the organization was the year-long harbor strike that began in 1928.
ellauri406.html on line 192: Soviet Women’s Battalion (Front) is taken prisoner, Uman, 1941. ellauri406.html on line 194: As soon as the Soviet troops left the city, excited by the supervened SS, they sparked a succession of pogroms. About 6000 Jews were killed in the city in one month, 2000 of them on 25 July. In the image, one of the victims. Lviv, July 1941.
ellauri418.html on line 554: Poland is ready not only to defend its borders, but also to assist its NATO allies from the Baltic countries: Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia. Russian propagandists make frequent threats to Poland, reminding of the times when Russian tsars and then Stalin’s USSR were invading Polish territories, and claim that certain Polish lands were a “gift” to Poland from the USSR — which they threaten “to take back”. The Polish politicians take these threats seriously. They know the pattern: first propagandists prepare the population, and then Hitler sends the troops. So, the Polish military is making sure that Russia can never invade Poland. The cavalry is ready. The Poles still remember the Soviet occupation and the Russian atrocities. The Germans are on our side now. Never again. This is a war to end all wars. Elon Musk says that nuclear war is not as scary as people think.
ellauri421.html on line 245: Despite being the son of an "enemy of the people", Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky was included in a group of celebrated Soviet writers who were awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour in January 1939. 1944 Dolmatovsky was harshly criticized for alleged "distortions" in his depiction of the Red Army retreat in 1941 – which had, indeed, been utterly chaotic and uncontrollable on many occasions.
ellauri421.html on line 247: In August 1941, two months after the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, Dolmatovsky was captured by the Germans. This happened during the battles near Kiev, in the area of Uman, where thousands of Soviet soldiers were taken prisoner. Yevgeniy was shell-shocked and wounded in the arm. Like thousands of other Soviet prisoners of war, he was locked up in a makeshift concentration camp that had been set up in a clay pit at a brick factory. The inmates of this camp, which was nicknamed the "Uman Pit", were held in terrible conditions, and many of them died. Jews, commissars, the wounded, and the weak were shot. Miraculously, Dolmatovsky managed to escape, and he was sheltered by a Ukrainian family, who put their own lives at risk by aiding him. Being an energetic man by nature, Dolmatovsky immediately wrote a poem titled "The Dnieper". It was published in frontline newspapers, set to music, and widely performed by military bands. In May 1945, Dolmatovsky was present at the signing of the German Instrument of Surrender. His wartime decorations included the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st Class; the Order of the Red Star, and several medals.
ellauri424.html on line 220: I found it very interesting to have a fantastical story set in Russia (and by a Russian author!) and not in the familiar Western surroundings. I loved the distinct post-Soviet feel of the story, the language and the references that easily pinpoint the time period of this book. The events take place in the late nineties, when the allure of capitalism and the sad realities of it were colliding in Russian society, when idealism and enthusiasm of early nineties were hit by the harsh reality and had to meet cynicism and disappointment. It created a very specific vibe in the society, the vibe that resonates throughout this book. And this vibe made the endings of each of the three stories that comprise this book feel not as much underwhelming (as some thought) but inevitable and unavoidable. Because life does not have to be fair, let's face it. Because nobody owes you anything. Because quite often life, honestly, sucks, and you can't have it all, and you can't be whatever you want to be regardless of what people tell you.
ellauri424.html on line 227: Overall, I liked this book. Yes, it is nowhere near perfect. Yes, there are bits of intolerance that spoil the overall picture and yet do not surprise me, a child of a post-Soviet country. But it was fun, and sad, and had just enough moral rumination to appear to my inner Russianism, and for all that I recommend it and give it 4 stars.
ellauri424.html on line 239: There were so many interesting elements worth exploring, I would have liked to see more of the Post-Soviet Russia that this book (like most modern Russian literature) hints at but regrettably never really explored. Russia has this amazingly rich history that has sparked so many great novels and authors and I truly think Sergei Lukyanenko could be one of them with some work. Like Dostoyevsky, Lukyanenko tries to inject the novel with philosophical ideas on morality and this could have really worked in his favour had he stuck with one story right through to the end.
ellauri425.html on line 386: After 14 years of planning and negotiations, McDonald´s Canada president George Cohon was permitted to open the first McDonald´s in Russia by the Soviet government in 1990. The entry of the iconic American brand into the country was seen as a symbol of ongoing economic and political reforms in the Soviet Union. The company´s operations in the country further developed after the collapse of the USSR the following year, with the decades that followed seeing massive expansion in Russia. By 2022, 84% of locations were corporate-owned (through its Russian operating companies McDonald´s LLC) (Russian: ООО «Макдоналдс») and CJSC Moscow-McDonald´s (Russian: ЗАО «Москва-Макдоналдс»), with the remainder being owned by franchisees.
ellauri425.html on line 390:
Soviets like taste of capitalism
ellauri425.html on line 399: After nearly 14 years of tortuous negotiations, the American institution of fast food has finally arrived in Moscow, the slow food capital of the world. Wednesday, in what could herald the start of a gastronomic-cum-cultural revolution in the homeland of scientific communism, McDonald´s opened its first restaurant in the Soviet Union.
ellauri425.html on line 402: The launch of the Bolshoi Mak is, in some ways, the ultimate challenge - for both the world´s largest fast food chain and the world´s largest country. Restaurants in the Soviet Union are renowned for their surly service, appalling hygiene, intimidating doormen, deafening bands and absence of half the items on the menu. Reserving a table can be an achievement in itself.
ellauri425.html on line 403: A splash of brilliant color in the middle of a gray city, the 700-seat McDonald´s restaurant in Pushkin Square is an uncompromising chunk of Americana transplanted to the middle of Russia, a capitalist icon in a communist setting. "If you can´t go to America, come to McDonald´s in Moscow," is the slogan in the ads on the Soviet Union´s new commercial TV channel. Judging by the crowds that turned out Wednesday, millions of Soviet citizens seem likely to take up the offer.
ellauri425.html on line 405: By the time McDonald´s opened for business at 10 Wednesday morning, there was a 500-yard line outside the door. Militiamen stood by to prevent a riot. TV cameras whirred. Actors dressed up as cartoon characters danced in the street to amuse the crowds. Soviet employees frantically cleared snow from the sidewalk. The Russian masses shuffled forward, discussing the merits of dvoini gamburger (double hamburger), kartofel-free (french fries) and "feelay-oh-feesh."
ellauri425.html on line 417: At the door, the guests were greeted by the smiling face of George Cohon, chairman of McDonald´s Canada and the man behind the Moscow project. The restaurant in Pushkin Square - the largest McDonald´s in the world - is the first of 20 outlets scheduled to open in the Soviet capital in the next few years.
ellauri425.html on line 418: "For Soviet rubles only," announced a brass sign nearby, a not-so-subtle dig at the growing number of restaurants and shops that cater only to Westerners or the handful of privileged Soviet citizens with freely convertible foreign currencies.
ellauri425.html on line 419: The food counter was a scene of frenzied activity almost certainly unparalleled in the history of Soviet dining. Teen-agers dressed in black slacks and maroon T-shirts rushed around like bees in a hive, shoveling gamburgers into plastic foam packages. Everyone was wearing "How Can I Help You" buttons in their lapels and regulation McSmiles on their faces.
ellauri425.html on line 421: The workers - 27,000 job applications were received for 630 places - are paid 1.50 rubles an hour, close to the Soviet average.
ellauri425.html on line 422: At Soviet wage levels, the Bolshoi Mak is expensive. The average Soviet worker must toil for two and a half hours to earn the 3.85 ruble price of a Bolshoi Mak. In the United States, by contrast, it takes the average worker less than 20 minutes to earn enough for a Big Mac.
ellauri425.html on line 424: But even as the Soviet customers slurped down their milkshakes and munched through their dvoini chizburgers, there were dark forebodings that McDonald´s standards may begin to slip as soon as the Canadians go back home.
ellauri425.html on line 427: A commentary in Izvestia, the Soviet government newspaper, was equally pessimistic. "I don´t know if the heads of the McDonald´s corporation realize the trials that await them in Moscow," wrote Stanislav Kondrashev, a veteran foreign policy commentator, suggesting that the Pushkin Square outlet could simply be "swept away by crowds of curious people" or ensnared in a web of corruption.
ellauri425.html on line 428: McDonald´s managers insist that they are committed to staying in the Soviet market, come what may. They have invested $35-million in a massive meat-processing, dairy and bakery complex outside Moscow - dubbed "McGulag" by visitors because of the barbed wire that surrounds it.
ellauri425.html on line 437: MOSCOW — When the doors swung open Wednesday at the first McDonald’s restaurant in the Soviet Union, thousands of Muscovites poured in to sip “milk cocktails” and taste their first “Beeg Mak Gamburgers,” picking them apart to marvel at the fixin’s.
ellauri425.html on line 441: Although cynics might complain of the steady homogenizing of world cultures, the arrival of the fast-food chain here--14 years after a Canadian McDonald’s official broached the idea with Soviet officials at the 1976 Montreal Olympics--was without doubt a major event.
ellauri425.html on line 452: Some reported waiting up to 1 hour and 45 minutes to be served, but most did not seem to mind. In honor of the grand opening, a brigade of workers distributed McDonald’s flags and pins; entertainers performed on the accordion and sang folk songs under golden arches adorned with the Soviet hammer and sickle.
ellauri425.html on line 458: Sam Yahel, from McDonald’s in Atlanta, who helped train the 630 Soviet workers, said the Soviet trainees were at a disadvantage because in most other parts of the world, new workers had at least eaten at one of the restaurants.
ellauri425.html on line 459: Most of the Soviet workers had never tasted a Western-style hamburger. They practiced cooking using yellow cardboard squares in place of cheese and different colored poker chips in place of onions, tomatoes and pickles.
ellauri425.html on line 461: “The Soviet Union is definitely a different world,” Yahel said. “Our food and our standards--it’s all new. For example, we had to teach our employees that when there were still crumbs on the counter, it needed to be wiped off again.”
ellauri425.html on line 462: While most of the Soviet workers trained for a matter of days, the four Soviet managers of the restaurant spent nine months abroad learning their jobs. They graduated from the Canadian Institute of Hamburgerology.
ellauri425.html on line 467: There is a brass plaque near the entrance that announces, “Soviet Rubles Only.” Virtually every other foreign firm that has come into the Soviet Union in recent years accepts only hard currencies, meaning that it caters primarily to foreigners.
ellauri425.html on line 468: The McDonald’s prices are high compared to the state restaurants, where a large meal seldom costs more than a ruble. The Big Mac costs 3.75 rubles, or about $5 at the official exchange rate, and dinner out for the family can come to two days’ wages for the average Soviet worker.
ellauri425.html on line 470: Canadian and American officials who have helped train the Soviet personnel know that the allure of working for a Western firm was a drawing factor, but they nonetheless expect a 20% turnover rate, twice their normal average.
ellauri425.html on line 472: McDonald’s invested $50 million in setting up the restaurant and a food processing plant in a Moscow suburb that turns out everything from meat patties to sesame-seed buns. Soviet farmers, who are supplying most of the products, have been given special training and disease-resistant seed for potatoes and cucumbers.
ellauri425.html on line 477: Is there any fear that when the golden arches become as common as the cupolas of Russian Orthodox churches, it will be a sign that capitalism is making real inroads in the Communist capital? McDonald’s officials say it is not a question that worries them or their Soviet counterparts.
ellauri425.html on line 478: “There weren’t many ideological discussions during these negotiations,” said Marc Winer, 43, a native of Nashua, N.H., who is general director of the Moscow outlet. “The Soviets understood that the food was going to move very efficiently from the field to the mouth. That is more important to them right now than almost anything else.”
ellauri425.html on line 527: In the chaos of the postmodern 21st century, Europe and the United States nevertheless are still likely to share the same enemies and friends. Both resent the asymmetrical Chinese approach to global commerce, based on a mercantilism that would never allow Europe and the United States to treat China as it does both. The Europeans and the Americans are both worried about a vastly expanding conventional and nuclear Chinese military. Neither wants Iran to develop nuclear-tipped missiles with ranges to hit the capitals of both. They do not want Russian President Vladimir Putin to recreate the former Soviet Union’s borders.
ellauri430.html on line 165: Palestiinalaiset siirretään Trumpin toimesta luvatulta maalta mutiaisten sekaan Puntin maahan ja/tai kuuteen muuhun eri paikkaan. Takaisin ei ole tulemista. Stalin kazoo kaivoskuilusta kateudesta vihreänä. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland, Stalin began a policy of deporting Jews to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and other parts of Siberia. But he failed! Tsuhniakaan ei saanut siirretyxi takaisin Volgan mutkaan. Hoppas Putin har bättre tur.
ellauri434.html on line 125: There were few chances that the novel could be published in the USSR, because of its supernatural material, Bible allusions, God and Devil issues and obvious criticism of the Soviet society.
ellauri434.html on line 127: The first very abridged and censored version saw the light only in 1967, more than 25 years after the author’s death. The full version, however, was published abroad and was also spread illegally among Soviets via ‘samizdat’, aka self-published copies. They differ like the competing accounts of Jesu life. Äänikirjaa ei voi edes verbatim seurata painetusta textistä.
ellauri434.html on line 139: Finally, Bulgakov pokes fun at the Soviet realities and depicts them with a metaphorical language; but readers still understand it and read between the lines.
ellauri434.html on line 187: Mikhail Bulgakov left Moscow in the spring of 1923 to spend three weeks in Kyiv, the city where he was born and educated in the last decades of the Russian Empire. By then, he had abandoned his medical career and was making a living as a Soviet journalist in Moscow. Bulgakov’s diary tells us that his trip to Kyiv was intended to gather material to finish his first novel about the civil war, The White Guard, and to have a boil on his left ear lanced. During his visit a policy of Ukrainization was announced, a decision so distasteful to Bulgakov that he wrote the essay “Kiev — town”. The essay evokes what the Ukrainian writer, Oksana Zabuzhko, has described as Bulgakov’s fantasy of a Russian Kyiv.
ellauri434.html on line 189: In “Kiev — town” Bulgakov gave full rein to his nostalgia for the Kyiv of his childhood and to his antipathy to Ukrainian nationalism. The essay belongs to a genre of modernist city sketches and ironic travel guides that were popular among male prose writers at the time. Vladimir Nabokov’s “Guide to Berlin” and Viktor Shklovsky’s “Petersburg in the Blockade” were published in the same year. Shklovsky’s decision to give Petrograd, soon to be Leningrad, its pre-revolutionary name parallels Bulgakov’s choice to spell place names in the language of the Russian Empire rather than in Ukrainian. For Bulgakov, modernity had brought devastation to the “mother of Russian cities” causing it to regress to the status of a provincial town. His accounts of local opportunists, citizens’ shifting religious and political affiliations, an ugly new sculpture of Karl Marx, and even the actions of the competing armies who tried to seize Kyiv during the Civil War are affectionate and mildly cynical. However, the essay’s ironic comparisons of the former glory of the Russian Empire with its inferior modern Soviet version turn to crude hostility when Bulgakov describes his native city’s burgeoning Ukrainian identity. The section labelled ‘Science, Literature and Art’ contains a single damning word: “none”. Kyiv’s citizens are dependent on American charitable aid and find it hard to believe their fashionably dressed visitor’s stories of Moscow nightlife. Had he wished, Bulgakov could have told a vastly different story of Kyiv in the mid 1920s, one of the “jubilant experimentation” demonstrated in the multilingual title of Irena Makaryk and Virlana Tkacz’s 2017 collection of essays Modernism in Kiev/ Kyiv/ Київ/ Киев/ Kijów/ קייעוו
ellauri434.html on line 193: Bulgakov’s canonisation is also perpetuated in UK universities. As a new lecturer, I was taken to task by a senior colleague for including Collaborators in an undergraduate comparative literature course on political drama. How could I present students with Hodge’s nasty falsehoods about a great anti-Soviet writer? I agreed to repair the damage by pairing Collaborators with Andrew Upton’s The White Guard, a version in English of Bulgakov’s play The Day of the Turbins. Confusingly, Upton gave his version the name of the Bulgakov’s novel, The White Guard, on which The Day of the Turbins is based. That was the novel, intended to be a War and Peace for the twentieth century, that Bulgakov hoped to finish during his visit to Kyiv in 1923. Set in the years of civil war that followed the 1917 revolution, it depicts a principled and loving Russian Empire family, the Turbins, who are beset on all sides by invading forces, political opportunists, avant-garde writers, and brutish Ukrainian nationalists. By 1925, only two thirds of the novel had been published when the journal in which it was serialised was shut down. Undeterred, Bulgakov began to adapt the novel as a play for the Moscow Arts Theatre. While very popular, The Day of the Turbins was more akin to pre-revolutionary Chekhov than the dystopian dramas, propagandistic mass spectacles, and constructivist films set on Mars of its time. The play’s survival into the 1940s was probably facilitated by means of an ambiguous musical conclusion: the arrival of the Red Army in Kyiv and singing of the Internationale could be at once sinister, ironic, or celebratory. Where Stalin and the censors were certain that the play celebrated Bolshevik power, my colleague was convinced that the ending demonstrated Bulgakov’s concealed and stalwart opposition to the same.
ellauri434.html on line 197: Fond experiences like these, often transmitted uncritically by those of us who teach and write about Russian literature, could explain why Bulgakov’s English readers were surprised when, in 2022, his high school removed his blue plaque and the Ukrainian Writers’ Union proposed the closure of the Bulgakov Museum. The words of the dashing hero of The White Guard who describes Ukrainian as a “vile language that does not exist” were frequently quoted. Ukrainians and non-Ukrainians alike had questions: should one hold an author responsible for the speech of his fictional characters? What had Bulgakov got to do with Putin? The museum’s directors, in an irony-laden and deliberately anachronistic demand of their own, asked the Writer’s Union to first expel Bulgakov from their ranks for “anti-Soviet activity”. But, given Russia’s deliberate policy of destroying places of cultural significance to Ukraine, and having read “Kiev — town” which is voiced by the author rather than a fictional character, I found myself in sympathy with victimless and limited actions to ‘cancel’ Bulgakov. I remembered how antisemitism is exclusively reserved for Ukrainian characters in The Day of the Turbins; how in Upton’s version Ukrainians celebrate victories with “a huge, ugly, violent cheer” while the Turbin family make lyrical toasts and sing. Bulgakov’s Ukrainians are the fictional predecessors of the fictional enemy imagined today by the Russian government, media, and its audiences: a Ukrainian population of antisemites and fascists. In fact, Bulgakov’s actual Ukrainian contemporaries, who are not represented in The Day of the Turbins, were both eloquent and courageous in speaking truth to power. A transcript exists of a conversation in 1929 between Stalin and a delegation of Ukrainian writers who requested The Day of the Turbins be cancelled due to its dangerous propagation of Great-Russian chauvinism. Stalin did not disagree with their interpretation of the play but reasoned that the Ukrainians’ concerns were insignificant given its potential to convince proletarian audiences that even the most reactionary White Guards (and authors) could become Bolsheviks. The most basic material needs of Ukrainians were concurrently to be deemed insignificant with Stalin’s genocidal policies of collectivisation and the largely fictive Holodomor.
ellauri434.html on line 351: Irwin Goffman mainizee sivumennen "soviet self-criticism" läpällä, se on ilmeisesti jotain erittäin epäjudeotalousliberaalia, jolle luonteenomaisempaa on kiittää Jahvea ettei ole kuin tuo publikaani synagoogan perällä. Mistä oikein oli kysymys?
ellauri435.html on line 443: And while some post-Soviet and Eastern European states – and even their populations – may desire closer relations with Russia, none of them want to sacrifice their hamburgers and Coke.
ellauri444.html on line 60: In 1952, he returned from Bern to England to study at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he worked covertly for the Security Service, MI5, spying on far-left groups for information about possible Soviet agents. He ran agents, conducted interrogations, tapped telephone lines and effected break-ins. In 1964, le Carré's career as an intelligence officer came to an end as the result of the betrayal of British agents' covers to the KGB by Kim Philby, the infamous British double agent, one of the Cambridge Five. Although le Carré had intended The Spy Who Came in from the Cold as an indictment of espionage as morally compromised, audiences widely viewed its protagonist, Alec Leamas, as a tragic hero. WTF, how dumb can readers be.
ellauri449.html on line 101: After mandatory retirement 1970 tours the Soviet Union and parts of Europe with Harriet. 1979 Harriet dies. 1982 travels to the Soviet Union with a group of lawyers and judges from Minnesota and daughters Jean and Wanda to study the Soviet legal system. 1987 daughter Jean dies. 1993 oldest person teaching law in the USA. Breaks some bones in 1995 and moves to Wanda. Dies 1997 at 95.
xxx/ellauri068.html on line 66: A group of philologists, united in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature,sharply criticized the romanization. This society set up a commission that issued astatement that Latin "not only does not make it easier, but rather makes it moredifficult for foreigners to study the Russian language." Yet it was not until the late 1930s that the attempt of the romanization of the Russian alphabet was given up. There were also political reasons for the introduction of Russian as a second language. From the international perspective, the Soviet leadership was disillusioned with the course for the world communist revolution, which was now viewed as a matter of distant future. The need for a common international script on the European (Latin) base was no longer as topical as before.
xxx/ellauri068.html on line 70: The cyrillization was conducted more swiftly than romanization. It did not have thesynchrony observed during the first Soviet alphabet shifts: for some peoples it tookplace in 1937-1938, for others a little later, from one to two years. With that, a singlestate body, similar to the All-Union Committee for the Development of the NewTurkic Alphabet, dedicated only to cyrillization, was not set up. New alphabets werecreated directly "in the field." Even so, the transition from the Latin alphabet to theRussian alphabet was more smooth and easy than the first “letter revolution”(Alpatov, 1993). The successful completion of cyrillization was announced in June 1941.
xxx/ellauri068.html on line 85: Many patriotic, pro-revolution and pro-Stalin poems and songs were attributed to Zhambyl in the 1930s and were widely circulated in the Soviet Union.
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 155: Shestov's dislike of the Soviet regime led him to undertake a long journey out of Russia, and he eventually ended up in France. (LOL se lähti livohkaan bolshevikkeja, niinkuin monet muutkin ökyporvarit.) The author was a popular figure in France, where his originality was quickly recognized. That this Russian was newly appreciated is attested by his having been asked to contribute to a prestigious French philosophy journal.
xxx/ellauri085.html on line 173: “Yevtuschenko” is likely an allusion to Soviet-Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, who never produced a textbook on clinical psychology. But it's fascinating—throughout Infinite Jest, Wallace and his characters consistently attribute fabricated texts to real people! See, for example, “Gilles Deleuze's posthumous Incest and the Life of Death in Capitalist Entertainment” (792).
xxx/ellauri091.html on line 506: Easily the worst of the former Soviet republics.
xxx/ellauri091.html on line 570:
Otherwise, this place is about as depressing as you’d imagine for a former Soviet republic — and one where the greatest nuclear disaster in history took place. Not as many burnt corpses as in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, so we are still leading there.
Kudos to Lithuania for telling the Soviets to shove it back in 1990 and starting the breakup of that union. It’s also believed that Lithuanian culture survived the Iron Curtain thanks to secret home schools and alternative history texts, which makes its people sound really awesome. Isn't this just what we do? We are super-jealous of its surprisingly good basketball team.
Admit it: George Costanza’s failed attempt to convert to Latvian Orthodox is your only experience with this former Soviet republic.
xxx/ellauri122.html on line 942: Another book by Orwell, 'Animal Farm' is a brilliant political satire on corrupted ideals, revolutions, and class conflicts that stretch back to the Stalin era of the Soviet Union.
xxx/ellauri122.html on line 1187: von Born: Valeria Valeryevna Lukyanova 1990/1991 (age 31–32), in Tiraspol, Moldavian SSR, Soviet Union (now Transnistria).
xxx/ellauri123.html on line 766: Lolita is frequently described as an "erotic novel", not only by some critics but also in a standard reference work on literature Facts on File: Companion to the American Short Story. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia called Lolita "an experiment in combining an erotic novel with an instructive novel of bourgeois bad manners."
xxx/ellauri127.html on line 683: Bagration may refer to: . Bagrationi dynasty, Georgian royal dynasty -- see for other members of the dynasty . Prince Pyotr Bagration (1765-1812), Russian general of Georgian royal origin . Operation Bagration, a major offensive operation of the Soviet Army in 1944 named after Pyotr Bagration; Bagrationovskaya, Moscow metro station named after Pyotr Bagration.
xxx/ellauri127.html on line 685: Operation Bagration, June-August 1944. The greatest offensive in world history, it eventually involved 3.5 million men, 7,000 tanks, and 9,000 aircraft. It was an overwhelming Soviet victory and set the stage for the final assault on Nazi Germany.
xxx/ellauri138.html on line 210: In 1941, Wylie became Vice-President of the International Game Fish Association, and for many years was responsible for writing IGFA rules and reviewing world record claims. Wylie's 1954 novel Tomorrow! dealt graphically with the civilian impact of thermonuclear war to make a case for a strong Civil Defense network in the United States, as he told the story of two neighboring cities (one prepared, one unprepared) before and after an attack by missile-armed Soviet bombers.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 118: Following the outbreak of hostilities, both the United States and the Soviet Union initiated massive resupply efforts to their respective allies during the war, which led to a near-confrontation between the two nuclear-armed superpowers. After the 1967 six day war, the Egyptians said that a lasting peace could not be achieved without "withdrawal of the Israeli armed forces from all the territories occupied since 5 June 1967."
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 122: The US considered Israel an ally in the Cold War and had been supplying the Israeli military since the 1960s. Henry Kissinger believed that the regional balance of power hinged on maintaining Israel's military dominance over Arab countries, and that an Arab victory in the region would strengthen Soviet influence. Britain's position, on the other hand, was that war between the Arabs and Israelis could only be prevented by the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 and a return to the pre-1967 boundaries. Fucking pudding heads.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 126: Other developed nations [who? were there any?], being more dependent on OPEC oil, took more seriously the threat of an Arab oil embargo and trade boycott, and had stopped supplying Israel with munitions. As a result, Israel was totally dependent on the United States for military resupply, and particularly sensitive to anything that might endanger that relationship. After Meir had made her decision, at 10:15 am, she met with American ambassador Kenneth Keating in order to inform the United States that Israel did not intend to preemptively start a war. It would be just an accident. An electronic telegram with Keating's report on the meeting was sent to the United States at 16:33 GMT (6:33 pm local time). A message arrived later from United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger saying, "Don't preempt." At the same time, Kissinger also urged the Soviets to use their influence to prevent war, contacted Egypt with Israel's message of non-preemption, and sent messages to other Arab governments to enlist their help on the side of moderation. These late efforts were futile. According to Henry Kissinger, had Israel struck first, it would not have received "so much as a nail".
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 128: The Soviets started an airlift of arms to Syria and Egypt. The American global interest was to prove that Soviet arms could not dictate the outcome of the fighting, by supplying Israel. Kenneth Pollack is a Jew so I would not trust his accounts of the war events. Saad el Shazly was on the other side, so hardly more trustworthy as a witness. Pientä epäselvyyttä oliko Egyptin 3. armeijakunta oikeasti aivan motissa, vai oliko mukana ehkä Kissingerin juonittelua, eze saisi kunnian Israelin pysäytyxestä ja tällä lailla Egyptin lipsumaan jenkkipuolelle. Mikä sitten ajan kanssa onnistuikin.
xxx/ellauri168.html on line 67: The most widely discussed application of the phrase of recent times came at the crash of the Soviet Union. For Gorbachov, the new world order dealt almost exclusively with nuclear disarmament and security arrangements. He would then expand the phrase to include United Nations strengthening and great power cooperation on a range of North–South economic and security problems (meaning how to keep the spooks, ragheads and squeaky indians down and out). Implications for NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and European integration were subsequently included.
xxx/ellauri168.html on line 80: Russian–American partnership in cooperation toward making the world safe for democracy, making possible the goals of the United Nations for the first time since its inception. Some countered that this was unlikely and that ideological tensions would remain, such that the two superpowers could be partners of convenience for specific and limited goals only. The inability of the Soviet Union to project force abroad was another factor in skepticism toward such a partnership.
xxx/ellauri193.html on line 156: Mann tarkoitti Taikavuoren aluksi paljon lopullista versiota lyhyemmäksi pienoisromaaniksi. Se oli tarkoitettu mukaelmaksi Kuolemasta Venetsiassa ja kuvaukseksi Mannin saamista vaikutelmista parantolasta Sveitsin Davosissa, jossa hänen vaimonsa oli useita kuukausia hoidossa keuhkosairauden vuoksi vuonna 1912. Ensimmäinen maailmansota keskeytti kirjan kirjoittamisen ja sen vaikutukset saivat Mannin kirjoittamaan romaanin uudestaan ja laajentamaan sitä käsittelemään länsimaisen yhteiskunnan ”itsetuhoviettiä” sekä sairauden ja kuolevaisuuden kysymyksiä.
xxx/ellauri193.html on line 353: In reality, the Ukrainian Ministry of Health and the U.S. Department of Defense signed an agreement in 2005 to prevent the spread of technologies and pathogens that might be used in the development of biological weapons. New laboratories were established to secure and dismantle the remnants of the Soviet biological weapons program, and since then have been used to monitor and prevent new epidemics, following the example set by Wuhan labs and by Zignal Labs, a SaaS-based media intelligence software service company that serves marketing and public relations departments. It was founded in 2011 and is headquartered in San Francisco, and specialises in cyber wingnut warfare.
xxx/ellauri202.html on line 286: The rotten Soviet regime has been replaced by a rotten capitalist enterprise. Socialism had collapsed, and the Russian nation, just like the West, increasingly owes any stability it has to a class of organized crime assembled to steal what riches remained.
xxx/ellauri215.html on line 382: "The fourth claim (oops, my bad, I lost count) is that this conflict is due to NATO expansion. NATO was originally created in 1949 as a deterrent to the Soviet Union. But when the Cold War ended, it took on a different tact, which was about peace keeping and crisis management, primarily, robbing the ragheads of their oil.
xxx/ellauri215.html on line 384: Countries that were not members could partner with them, like Finland. There was also close partnership with the Russian council in NATO, so there was this cooperation. NATO enlargement took place because Soviet satellites during the cold war wanted to get that extra protection and for fully understandable reason, what with Reagan's plans for Star Wars. But that expansion was not aggressive. NATO has never attacked another country. Iraq, Libya, Sudan etc etc did not involve NATO in the least.
xxx/ellauri215.html on line 394: "And this brings me to my conclusion. I’m a strong believer in academic freedom (BUAHAHAHA, stop, you're killing me!) and open debate. I’m somewhat worried coming from a country that lives next to Russia and have been attacked by the Soviet Union and had to survive WW2 as a Soviet neighbor and have had to lose my summerhouse in Porckala to the Soviet Union, that academics make claims that simply are untrue and it doesn’t help if you quote documentation and skew it in a certain direction… more important than international relations theory is the reality of what is happening on the ground.
xxx/ellauri228.html on line 343: Andrei´s paternal grandfather Aleksandr Karlovich Tarkovsky (in Polish: Aleksander Karol Tarkowski) was a Polish nobleman who worked as a bank clerk. His wife Maria Danilovna Rachkovskaya was a Romanian language teacher who arrived from Iași. Andrei´s maternal grandmother Vera Nikolayevna Vishnyakova (née Dubasova) belonged to an old Dubasov family of Russian nobility that traces its history back to the 17th century; among her relatives was Admiral Fyodor Dubasov, a fact she had to conceal during the Soviet days. She was married to Ivan Ivanovich Vishnyakov, a native of the Kaluga Governorate who studied law at the Moscow State University and served as a judge in Kozelsk.
xxx/ellauri228.html on line 349: From 1973 to 1974, he shot the film Zerkalo, a highly autobiographical and unconventionally structured film drawing on his childhood and incorporating some of his father´s poems. In this film Tarkovsky portrayed the plight of childhood affected by war. Tarkovsky had worked on the screenplay for this film since 1967, under the consecutive titles Confession, White day and A white, white day. From the beginning the film was not well received by Soviet authorities due to its content and its perceived elitist nature. Such third rate films also placed the film-makers in danger of being accused of wasting public funds, which could have serious effects on their future productivity. These difficulties are presumed to have made Tarkovsky play with the idea of going abroad and producing a film outside the Soviet film industry.
xxx/ellauri228.html on line 351: At a press conference in Milan on 10 July 1984, he announced that he would never return to the Soviet Union and would remain in Western Europe. He stated, "I am not a Soviet dissident, I have no conflict with the Soviet Government," but if he returned home, he added, "I would be unemployed." At that time, his son Andriosha was still in the Soviet Union and not allowed to leave the country. On 28 August 1985, Tarkovsky was processed as a Soviet Defector at a refugee camp in Latina, Italy, registered with the serial number 13225/379, and officially welcomed to the West.
xxx/ellauri229.html on line 631: He was born in Viipuri, Viipuri Province, Finland, in 1919, to ship captain Jalmari (Ilmari) Törni, and his wife, Rosa (née Kosonen). He had two sisters: Salme Kyllikki (b. 1920) and Kaija Iris (b. 1922). An athletic youth, Törni was an early friend of future Olympic Boxing Gold Medalist Sten Suvio. After attending business school and serving with the Civil Guard, Törni entered military service in 1938, joining Jaeger Battalion 4 stationed at Kiviniemi; when the Winter War began in November 1939, his enlistment was extended and his unit confronted invading Soviet troops at Rautu.
xxx/ellauri229.html on line 633: Most of Törni´s reputation was based on his successful actions in the Continuation War (1941–44) between the Soviet Union and Finland. In 1943, a unit informally named Detachment Törni was created under his command. This was an infantry unit that penetrated deep behind enemy lines and soon enjoyed a reputation on both sides of the front for its combat effectiveness. One of Törni´s subordinates was future President of Finland Mauno Koivisto.
xxx/ellauri230.html on line 301: Koo signed a treaty with the Soviet Union under which the Soviet Union renounced all "unequal treaties" that China had signed with Imperial Russia in exchange for which Koo recognized the de facto independence of Outer Mongolia, which until then he had claimed as part of China.
xxx/ellauri253.html on line 90: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to a 70% drop in trade with Russia and eventually Finland was forced to devaluate, which increased the private sector's foreign currency denominated debt burden. At the same time authorities tightened bank supervision and prudential regulation, lending dropped by 25% and asset prices halved. Combined with raising savings rate and worldwide economic troubles, this led to a sharp drop of aggregate demand and a wave of bankruptcies. Credit losses mounted and a banking crisis inevitability followed. The number of companies went down by 15%, real GDP contracted about 14% and unemployment rose from 3% to nearly 20% in four years.
xxx/ellauri253.html on line 101: The Soviet Union's last year of economic growth was 1989, and throughout the 1990s, recession ensued in the Former Soviet Republics. In May 1998, following the 1997 crash of the East Asian economy, things began to get even worse in Russia. In August 1998, the value of the ruble fell 34% and people clamored to get their money out of banks (see 1998 Russian financial crisis). The government acted by dragging its feet on privatization programs. Russians responded to this situation with approval by electing the more pro-dirigist and less liberal Vladimir Putin as President in 2000. Putin proceeded to reassert the role of the federal government, and gave it power it had not seen since the Soviet era. State-run businesses were used to out-compete some of the more wealthy rivals of Putin. Putin's policies were popular with the Russian people, gaining him re-election in 2004. At the same time, the export-oriented Russian economy enjoyed considerable influx of foreign currency thanks to rising worldwide oil prices (from $15 per barrel in early 1999 to an average of $30 per barrel during Putin's first term). The early 2000s recession was avoided in Russia due to rebound in exports and, to some degree, a return to dirigism.
xxx/ellauri253.html on line 135: Peltipöxy-Nokian taru päättyi noloon myyntiin Mikkisoftalle. On 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was fired as CEO and it was announced that Stephen Elop from Microsoft would take Nokia's CEO. One former Nokia employee claimed that the company was run as a "Soviet-style bureaucracy". Kapeahartiainen Jorma Ollila ryömi Shellin alle piiloon ja E. Saarinen vetäytyi Bulevardille nuolemaan näppejään ja lääkizemään ruskeata kieltään.
xxx/ellauri255.html on line 94: Rob Attaboy pohjustaa Antony Pyp Pipon haastattelua: The Provisional Government, its effectiveness hampered by a lack of legitimacy, faced a powerful rival in the shape of the socialist-led Petrograd Soviet that ruled the country’s then-capital city (now called St Petersburg). The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin (note only 2 letters away from Vladimir Putin!) , sought to undermine the Provisional Government, which itself made a series of missteps – notably continued failures in the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Capitalising on these weaknesses, the Bolsheviks under Lenin and Leon Trotsky launched a coup d’état, the so-called October Revolution, seizing power with relative ease. Consolidating that power proved far more difficult, as a combination of opponents – ranging from former tsarist generals to other leftwing political groups who distrusted the Bolsheviks – took up arms against them.
xxx/ellauri255.html on line 581: The New Economic Policy (NEP) (Russian: новая экономическая политика (НЭП), tr. novaya ekonomicheskaya politika) was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control", while socialized state enterprises would operate on "a profit basis". Ajatus oli syvältä Uljanovin peräaukosta.
xxx/ellauri265.html on line 423: Haidt told me by email. "I have the sense that there is a large generational split. Psychologists and academics who are older than me (I'm 58) seem uniformly supportive: they are all on the left, and the left used to be creeped out by loyalty oaths to the coons, whether administered by the McCarthyite right or the Soviet left. But young people on the left seem to be very comfortable requiring such pledges." Täähän on proletariaatin diktatuuria! Minne katosi keskiluokan hegemonia?
xxx/ellauri281.html on line 724: John Train, Paris Review Co-Founder and Cold War Operative, sentään kuoli 94-vuotiaana 2022, onnexi. His career, ranging from literature to finance to war, and from France to Afghanistan, seemed to cover every interest and issue of his exalted social class. Yet he was also an operator in high finance and world affairs who, by one researcher’s account, had ties to U.S. secret services. Mr. Train founded and ran a leading financial firm devoted to preserving the money of rich families, and he worked to support the mujahedeen in their fight against the Soviet Union in the 1980s. The Guardian reported that Train, Smith had $375 million under management in 1984. In 1986, Fortune magazine wrote that Mr. Train’s firm “claims to be the largest in New York serving rich families.” Mr. Train’s books on investing were praised as riveting in The New York Times and “classic” in The Wall Street Journal. Among them were several about successful financiers, whom he referred to as “money masters,” and their techniques. He treated his political interests less jokingly. A committed cold warrior, he wrote for The Wall Street Journal about military affairs. He became concerned that the conspiracy-monger Lyndon LaRouche was a “possible Soviet agent.” (Lyndon began in far-left politics but in the 1970s moved to the far right and antisemitism.)
xxx/ellauri295.html on line 688: Thomas Malcolm Muggeridge (24 March 1903 – 14 November 1990) was an English journalist and satirist. His father, H. T. Muggeridge, was a socialist politician and one of the early Labour Party Members of Parliament (for Romford, in Essex). In his twenties, Muggeridge was attracted to communism and went to live in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, and the experience turned him into an anti-communist. In the aftermath of the war, he converted to Christianity under the influence of Hugh Kingsmill and helped to bring Mother Teresa to popular attention in the West. He was also a critic of the sexual revolution and of drug use. Muggeridge´s politics changed from an independent socialist point of view to a conservative religious stance. Muggeridge senior pyöri todnäk haudassa kuin hyrrä.
xxx/ellauri295.html on line 690: Increasingly disillusioned by his close observation of communism in practice, Muggeridge decided to investigate reports of the famine in Ukraine by travelling there and to the Caucasus without first obtaining the permission of the Soviet authorities. His accounts helped to confirm the extent of a forced famine, which was politically unmotivated at the time. Muggeridge sacked The Pooh illustrator Shepard from Punch. Pooh was not Christopher Robin's Teddy but his own son's bear Growler. Eventually Shepard came to resent "that silly old bear" as he felt that the Pooh illustrations overshadowed his other work.
xxx/ellauri379.html on line 351: Putin said, “Whoever does not miss the Soviet Union has no heart.” And then he said, “Whoever wants it back has no brain.” All nations are made up. We invent these concepts of national identity. They’re filled with all sorts of myths. You must realize that Russia has a G.N.P. smaller than Texas. Netanjahu has earned a place next to all-time crooks like Hitler, Mussolini, Pol Pot, and Ronald Reagan. We should be pivoting out of Europe to deal with China in a laser-like fashion, number one. And, number two, we should be working overtime to create friendly relations with the Russians. The Russians are part of our balancing coalition against China. what we have done with our foolish policies in Eastern Europe is drive the Russians into the arms of the Chinese. This is a violation of Balance of Power Politics 101.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 218: Douglas kuoli 1939 ennen maailmasodan alkua. Mary Pickford-vaimoineen se ennätti käydä Soviet Unionissa 1926 Leninin hiljan kuoltua (1924). xxx/ellauri380.html on line 394: treatment of Solzhenitsyn at the hands of the Soviet regime, are
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 429: As the man responsible for almost single-handedly informing the West of the horrors of the Soviet Gulag, Mr. Solzhenitsyn has long been the object of Soviet efforts to destroy his reputation. But the accusations of anti-Semitism come from such impeccably anti-Communist sources as Prof. Richard Pipes of Harvard, a Soviet specialist and former director of Eastern European and Soviet Affairs on President Reagan's National Security Council.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 431: At a Washington conference of the World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies, which ended just last week, Mr. Solzhenitsyn's purported anti-Semitism was dealt with head-on in an address by Vladislav Krasnov, a former editor of Radio Moscow's broadcasting division who is now a professor of Russian studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies in California. Mr. Krasnov said he found the charge "completely groundless."
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 437: In addition, Mstislav Rostropovich, a Polish goy from Orenburg of all places, conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, in whose home Mr. Solzhenitsyn lived for a time in the Soviet Union, ''swears'' that the author is no anti-Semite.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 439: Lev Lossev, himself a Russian Jew, discussing the possibility of anti-Semitism in the works of Mr. Solzhenitsyn, expressed clearly his conviction that Mr. Solzhenitsyn was not anti-Semitic. But in presenting the adversary view, as a kind of devil's advocate, he used such words as ''snake'' and ''degenerate'' to describe the Jewish assassin portrayed in ''August 1914'' (words not used by Mr. Solzhenitsyn in the book), and it was thought that such terms beamed in Russian into the Soviet Union might have been misinterpreted.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 444: Lev Navrozov, a scholar who immigrated from the Soviet Union in 1972 and who now writes for The Yale Literary Magazine, which is owned by his son Andrei, went even further than Professor Pipes. Mr. Navrozov condemns the Solzhenitsyn novel as ''a new Protocols of the Elders of Zion".
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 473: Actually, Arabs, Brezhnevian soviets and modern Western conservatives have a great deal in common. They're all obsessed with a distant yet glorious past which they feel entitles them to respect merely for who they are, regardless of how little they've achieved recently. They have the same religious intolerance, the same contempt for the life of the mind. They all have the same vicious response when thwarted, and the same sense that they're losing the greater battle and are, willingly or not, on their way out the door.
xxx/ellauri380.html on line 488: Arab political culture is based on a high degree of social stratification, very much like that of the defunct Soviet Union and very much unlike the upwardly mobile, meritocratic, democratic United States. Change is unlikely to come until it occurs in the larger Arab political culture. Our own example suggests that the military can have a democratizing influence on the larger political culture, as officers bring the lessons of their training first into their professional environment, then into the larger society. Until Arab politics begin to change at fundamental levels, which involves chucking the rags and buying Coke, Arab armies, whatever the courage or proficiency of individual officers and men, are unlikely to acquire the range of qualities which modern fighting forces require for success on the battlefield.
xxx/ellauri388.html on line 84: Minna Craucher (23 August 1891 – 8 March 1932) was the false name of Maria Vilhelmiina Lindell, a Finnish socialite and spy. She did espionage for the Cheka, the Soviet secret police and was arrested three times for fraud. She also had connections to the right-wing Lapua Movement. She became the subject of several books and stories. In 1932 she was murdered with a shot to the head.
xxx/ellauri388.html on line 155: Kirjassani olen kuvannut, kuinka käsitykseni sisällisestä Jumalasta, eli siitä samasta, jossa nytkin tiedän ainoan totisen elämän olevan, syntyi tämän runkkaussalaisuuteni mukana ja siten että rukouksessani käännyin molo kovana hänen puoleensa. — Mutta minusta näyttää toiselta puolen, että vanhempien motivationaalinen puhe valmistaisi lasta ymmärtämään, että hänen on taisteleminen viettiä vastaan, koska en minä eikä minun esivanhempani ole sitä voittaneet, — että jos hän voittaa ja pysyy puhtaana, niin hän voittaa ikäänkuin meidän puolesta, — että me odotamme sitä häneltä, — että runkkaushalun voittaminen on hänen suuri elämäntehtävänsä. Voi olla ettei lapsi jäisi kylmäksi, vaan saisi itseluottamusta ja intoa, kun käteenvetovietin voittaminen, joka vielä äsken tuntui hänestä tarpeelliselta yksistään vaan hänen oman vähäpätöisen taivastoivonsa vuoksi, yhtäkkiä muuttuisi hänen silmissään siksi, mitä tämä taistelu todellisuudessa onkin: suureksi elämäntehtäväksi, jonka tarkoitus on vapauttaa maailma onanisoinnista. Sen kiduttavan, salaisen häpeäntunteen sijasta, joka on häntä painanut, hän saisi rohkean ja avonaisen mielen, ja hän käyttäisi paheen hävittämiseksi niitä hikisiä kämmeniä, jotka hiipii vähän väliä lapsen nivusiin.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 77: A controversial sculpture about the brutal rape of women by Red Army soldiers. Russians slam it, while The Economist and Der Spigel drool behind paywalls. Allied soldiers 'raped hundreds of thousands of German women' after WW2. A German historian claims Allied troops, as well as Soviet soldiers, were responsible for hundreds of thousands of rapes in occupied Germany. Wives of Russian Soldiers Encourage Them to Rape. Walla Walla! Wives of Russian Soldiers Encourage Them to Rape. 'When The Soldiers Came' claims Allied troops raped one million women. Children, men and young boys and their dogs were also abused by soldiers, it claims. Until now it was thought only the Stalin's Red Army raped German women. The sad fact is rape is one of the few perks of a warrior's life. Why kill other males if not for the chance of impregnating their wenches? Rape is fun, like so many other things that hurt the other half. That is why them things are criminal.
xxx/ellauri417.html on line 534: In 1986, twenty-year-old Syvert Løyning returns from the military to his mother’s home in southern Norway. One evening, his dead father comes to him in a dream. Realizing that he doesn’t really know who his father was, Syvert begins to investigate his life and finds clues pointing to the Soviet Union. What he learns changes his past and undermines the entire notion of who he is. But when his mother becomes ill, and he must care for his little brother, Joar, on his own, he no longer has time or space for lofty speculations.
xxx/ellauri422.html on line 488: Maaliskuussa 1991 88,7 % kirgisialaisista äänesti Neuvostoliitossa pysymisen puolesta. According to a 2013 Gallup poll, 62% of Kyrgyz people say that the collapse of the Soviet Union harmed their country, while only 16% said that the collapse benefitted it. Kyrgyzstan will be the only independent Turkic-speaking country in a few years that exclusively uses the Cyrillic alphabet. In April 2023, Russia suspended dairy exports to Kyrgyzstan after the chairman of Kyrgyzstan's National Commission for the State Language and Language Policies, Kanybek Osmonaliev, proposed to change the official script from Cyrillic to Latin to bring the country in line with other Turkic-speaking nations. Osmonaliev was reprimanded by President Sadyr Japarov who then clarified that Kyrgyzstan had no plans whatsoever to replace the Cyrillic alphabet.
xxx/ellauri422.html on line 502: Hänen kirjojensa kokonaislevikki on 80 miljoonaa. Vanhuudessa hän kärsi diabeteksesta. Hän oli toistuvasti ehdolla Nobelin kirjallisuuspalkinnon saajaksi. Kirjailijan viimeisenä elämänvuotena nousi jälleen esiin kysymys Nobel-palkinnon myöntämisestä. Plakun vei 2008 de Clezio, olihan turkkilainen Orhan Pamuk vastikään saanut. 2008 oli sitäpaizi huono vuosi palkita venäläisiä. Näin Putin sanoi Ukrainasta jo 2008, kenr. Hägglund muistuttaa: The Russian president, Vladimir Putin, today repeated his warning that Moscow would view any attempt to expand Nato to its borders as a "direct threat". Russia has been angered by the 26-nation military alliance's eastward growth, and Nato yesterday said Ukraine and Georgia, both former Soviet republics, could one day join. ”Neuvostoliiton hajoaminen oli viime vuosisadan (1900-luvun jos et osaa laskea) suurin geopoliittinen katastrofi”, totesi Putin jo vuonna 2005. Niinpa! Olis kannattanut ottaa silloin Naton jäsenexi Venäjä!
xxx/ellauri442.html on line 231: Polanyi had long argued economic theories with his brother Karl Polanyi, who now was living in London. In addition, Michael Polanyi had longstanding concerns about economic and political developments in the Soviet Union, rooted both in professional visits there and in the personal experiences in the Soviet Union of members of his family. He was the capitalist one of the pair.
xxx/ellauri442.html on line 440: Michael gives us a picture of Isaiah Berlin different than many of Berlin’s students would ever have known. His father was a Jewish timber merchant in Riga, Latvia, and he maintained a deep love of Russian literature and followed Soviet politics closely. He detested Stalinism.
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