ellauri069.html on line 40: Postmodernism is the Swiss Army knife of critical concepts. It’s definitionally overloaded, and it can do almost any job you need done. This is partly because, like many terms that begin with “post,” it is fundamentally ambidextrous. Postmodernism can mean, “We’re all modernists now. Modernism has won.” Or it can mean, “No one can be a modernist anymore. Modernism is over.” People who use “postmodernism” in the first, “mission accomplished,” sense believe that modernism—the art and literature associated with figures like Picasso and Joyce—changed the game completely, and that everyone is still working through the consequences. Modernism is the song that never ends. Being postmodernist just means that we can never be pre-modernist again. People who use it in the second sense, as the epitaph for modernism, think that, somewhere along the line, there was a break with the assumptions, practices, and ambitions of modernist art and literature, and that everyone since then is (or ought to be) on to something very different. Being postmodernist means that we can never be modernist again.
ellauri078.html on line 34: Infinity is something we are introduced to in our math classes, and later on we learn that infinity can also be used in physics, philosophy, social sciences, etc. Infinity is characterized by a number of uncountable objects or concepts which have no limits or size. This concept can be used to describe something huge and boundless. It has been studied by plenty of scientists and philosophers of the world, since the early Greek and early Indian epochs. In writing, infinity can be noted by a specific mathematical sign known as the infinity symbol (∞) created by John Wallis, an English mathematician who lived and worked in the 17th century.
ellauri080.html on line 149: Happy to think about abstract concepts
ellauri080.html on line 159: Dislikes abstract or theoretical concepts
ellauri096.html on line 199: Several commentators on the surprise test paradox object that interpreting surprise as unprovability changes the topic. Instead of posing the surprise test paradox, it poses a variation of the liar paradox. Other concepts can be blended with the liar. For instance, mixing in alethic notions generates the possible liar: Is ‘This statement is possibly false’ true? (Post 1970) (If it is false, then it is false that it is possibly false. What cannot possibly be false is necessarily true. But if it is necessarily true, then it cannot be possibly false.) Since the semantic concept of validity involves the notion of possibility, one can also derive validity liars such as Pseudo-Scotus’ paradox: ‘Squares are squares, therefore, this argument is invalid’ (Read 1979). Suppose Pseudo-Scotus’ argument is valid. Since the premise is necessarily true, the conclusion would be necessarily true. But the conclusion contradicts the supposition that argument is valid. Therefore, by reductio, the argument is necessarily invalid. Wait! The argument can be invalid only if it is possible for the premise to be true and the conclusion to be false. But we have already proved that the conclusion of ‘Squares are squares, therefore, this argument is invalid’ is necessarily true. There is no consistent judgment of the argument’s validity. A similar predicament follows from ‘The test is on Friday but this prediction cannot be soundly deduced from this announcement’.
ellauri098.html on line 471: ENFPs are extremely creative and versatile people. They love playing with ideas, spinning off new concepts, and discussing them with other people. They are charismatic, sociable, and exciting to be with because they always seem to have something new to explore or talk about.
ellauri100.html on line 433: The idea behind the IAT is that concepts with very closely related (vs. unrelated) mental representations are more easily and quickly responded to as a single unit. For example, if “me” and “sharing” are strongly associated in one’s mind, it should be relatively easy to respond quickly to this pairing by pressing the “E” or “I” key. If “me” and “sharing” are NOT strongly associated, it should be more difficult to respond quickly to this pairing. By comparing reaction times on this test, the IAT gives a relative measure of how strongly associated the two categories (Me, Not Me) are to mental representations of “ethical” and “unethical”. Each participant receives a single score, and your score appears below.
ellauri100.html on line 501: The study you just completed included both a self-report and an implicit measure of well-being. The self-report measure of well-being was the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the implicit measure was an Implicit Association Test (IAT) that compared the strength of automatic mental associations. In this version of the IAT, we investigated associations between the self-concept and the concepts of happiness and sadness.
ellauri100.html on line 503: The idea behind the IAT is that concepts with very closely related (vs. unrelated) mental representations are more easily and quickly responded to as a single unit. For example, if “me” and “happy” are strongly associated in one’s mind, it should be relatively easy to respond quickly to this pairing by pressing the “E” or “I” key. If “me” and “happy” are NOT strongly associated, it should be more difficult to respond quickly to this pairing. By comparing reaction times on this test, the IAT gives a relative measure of how strongly associated the two categories (Me, Not Me) are to mental representations of “happy” and “sad”. Each participant receives a single score, and your score appears below.
ellauri100.html on line 557: The idea behind the IAT is that concepts with very closely related (vs. unrelated) mental representations are more easily and quickly responded to as a single unit. For example, if “European American” and “good” are strongly associated in one’s mind, it should be relatively easy to respond quickly to this pairing by pressing the “E” or “I” key. If “European American” and “good” are NOT strongly associated, it should be more difficult to respond quickly to this pairing. By comparing reaction times on this test, the IAT gives a relative measure of how strongly associated the two categories (European Americans, African Americans) are to mental representations of “good” and “bad”. Each participant receives a single score, and your score appears below.
ellauri100.html on line 565: It should be noted that my slightly positive score probably was influenced by the order in which choices were presented to me. Initially, pleasant concepts were associated with photos of European-Americans. I became used to that association, and so found that it affected my reaction time when I was faced with pairings of pleasant concepts and photos of African-Americans. The bottom line: My slight preference for European-Americans probably is an artifact of test design.
ellauri108.html on line 222: In the mid-1970s, reggae's international popularity exploded. The most successful reggae artist was Bob Marley, who—according to Cashmore—"more than any other individual, was responsible for introducing Rastafarian themes, concepts and demands to a truly universal audience". Reggae's popularity led to a growth in "pseudo-Rastafarians", individuals who listened to reggae and wore Rasta clothing but did not share its belief system. Many Rastas were angered by this, believing it commercialised their religion.
ellauri109.html on line 270: In 2000 Searle received the Jean Nicod Prize; in 2004, the National Humanities Medal; and in 2006, the Mind & Brain Prize. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2010. Searle's early work on speech acts, influenced by J. L. Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein, helped establish his reputation. His notable concepts include the "Chinese room" argument against "strong" artificial intelligence.
ellauri117.html on line 620: Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. Lipilaari kusipäitä koko konkkaronkka. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate, or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. Eli tääkin vielä.
ellauri119.html on line 270: For the majority of Christian denominations, the Holy Spirit, or Holy Ghost, is believed to be the third person of the Trinity, a Triune God manifested as God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, each entity itself being God. Nontrinitarian Christians, who reject the doctrine of the Trinity, differ significantly from mainstream Christianity in their beliefs about the Holy Spirit. In Christian theology, pneumatology refers to the study of the Holy Spirit. Due to Christianity's historical relationship with Judaism, theologians often identify the Holy Spirit with the concept of the Ruach Hakodesh in Jewish scripture, on the theory that Jesus (who was Jewish) was expanding upon these Jewish concepts. Similar names, and ideas, include the Ruach Elohim (Spirit of God), Ruach YHWH (Spirit of Yahweh), and the Ruach Hakodesh (Holy Spirit).
ellauri145.html on line 512: Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx and Charles Darwin are the great triumvirate of 19th-century thinkers whose ideas still have huge impact today. Nietzsche was philosophy’s supreme iconoclast; his sayings include “God is dead” and “There are no facts, only interpretations”. Highly relevant, yet his association with concepts such as the Übermensch, master morality, slave morality and, possibly most dangerous, the will to power, have also contributed to him being widely misinterpreted. There are three myths in particular that need dynamiting: that his politics were on the far right, he was a misogynist and he lacked a sense of humour. Of a sort.
ellauri147.html on line 608: Winnicott's theoretical slipperiness has been linked to his efforts to unclify Kleinian views. Yet whereas from a Kleinian standpoint, his repudiation of the concepts of envy and the death wish were a resistant retreat from the harsh realities he had found in infant life, he too has been accused of being too close to his mother, and of sharing in Klein's regressive shift of focus away from the Oedipus complex to the pre-oedipal.
ellauri151.html on line 440: Hence it happens that one takes words for concepts, and concepts for the things themselves
ellauri151.html on line 693: Language has its worth and norms through language-use, which intertwines language and reality and makes reality, mental states and rational concepts a part of the language-games.
ellauri153.html on line 472: the unnatural use of abstractions, by which our concepts of things are as maimed as the name of the Creator is
ellauri153.html on line 869: Our knowing consciousness is divisible solely into subject and object. To be object for the subject and to be our representation or mental picture are one and the same. All our representations are objects for the subject, and all objects of the subject are our representations. These stand to one another in a regulated connection which in form is determinable a priori, and by virtue of this connection nothing existing by itself and independent, nothing single and detached, can become an object for us. The first aspect of this principle is that of becoming, where it appears as the law of causality and is applicable only to changes. Thus if the cause is given, the effect must of necessity follow. The second aspect deals with concepts or abstract representations, which are themselves drawn from representations of intuitive perception, and here the principle of sufficient reason states that, if certain premises are given, the conclusion must follow. The third aspect of the principle is concerned with being in space and time, and shows that the existence of one relation inevitably implies the other, thus that the equality of the angles of a triangle necessarily implies the equality of its sides and vice versa. Finally, the fourth aspect deals with actions, and the principle appears as the law of motivation, which states that a definite course of action inevitably ensues on a given character and motive.
ellauri159.html on line 617: Many might believe that applying the concepts of justice in modern times is limited to only those who work in the criminal justice system. But that’s not the case. Modern knights living in virtually any life situation can work to uphold justice. (Esim. voi olla jotain Brothers of Odineja tai Nordic Knightsejä. Maskuliinisivut käskee nihtiä rankaisee jumalattomia, sanotaan vaikka mumslimeja, sillee suht koht tuntuvasti.)
ellauri159.html on line 1065: Don´t even try writing about abstract concepts. If an assignment requires you to write about theory, look for ways to relate the ideas to your experience or to a specific, positive effect on people’s lives. You might also benefit from talking through the challenges you face in their writing — though that´s a trait that’s more typical of extraverts, so forget it.
ellauri159.html on line 1085: You can´t be too rigid! Resist the idea of adapting your work to an audience. They tend to view revision as necessary if their expectations are not established up front. So showing your work to a colleague or writing friend too early just helps ensure that the concepts in your head don´t make it onto the paper as you intended. Sharp revision of their suggestions sharpens your own message and makes your own work stronger.
ellauri159.html on line 1149: Focus on the concrete and avoid useless abstract concepts. As a result, your writing will lack a unifying theme that communicates the author’s purpose to those who do not need to know. Be sure to incorporate an organizing principle or chart, such as problem–solution, to serve as a roadmap for the intended reader, for example on a separate crypted page.
ellauri164.html on line 232: A pupil of William "Will to Believe" James, whose Essays in Radical Empiricism he edited (1912), Perry became one of the leaders of the New Realism movement. Perry argued for a naturalistic theory of value and a New Realist theory of perception and knowledge. He wrote a celebrated biography of William James, which won the 1936 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, and proceeded to a revision of his critical approach to natural knowledge. An active member among a group of American New Realist philosophers, he elaborated around 1910 the program of new realism. However, he soon dissented from moral and spiritual ontology, and turned to a philosophy of disillusionment. Perry was an advocate of a militant democracy: in his words "total but not totalitarian". Puritanism and Democracy (1944) is a famous wartime attempt to reconcile two fundamental concepts in the origins of modern America. Durkheim oli taas aivan oikeassa: sodan aikana vedetään moraalin korsetinnauhat kireälle.
ellauri197.html on line 494: hypogamy refers to the inverse: marrying a person of lower social class or status (colloquially "marrying down"). Both terms were coined in the Indian subcontinent in the 19th century while translating classical Hindu law books, which used the Sanskrit terms anuloma and pratiloma, respectively, for the two concepts.
ellauri221.html on line 271: Surrounded by anthropogenic ecological disasters, brutal wars, and the threat of destruction looming over the future of the planet itself due to our actions, constructed knowledge, and structured ignorance, it becomes urgent to examine the underlying ontological concepts and the reality from which our children are incarcerated in schools. This research is an attempt to look at what is the knowledge that children get exposed to and my main question is whether identity and civilisation are not the underlying culprits in our alienation from the world. As Tove Jansson shows in her moominbooks, perhaps it is necessary to empathise even with the one who dislikes us and not limit ourselves to people only, but see if “I can often have tender, concerned feelings for anyone (animals and people included) as fortunate or less fortunate than me”.
ellauri277.html on line 274: Тhe article discusses the role of religious values in the context of spiritual safety of society. The value content of the concept of spiritual security is substantiated. It is proved that the system of spiritual values and moral norms is one of the important conditions for ensuring the spiritual security of society. The basic principles of providing spiritual security and suggested of definition the relevant concepts.
ellauri341.html on line 553: I want to provide customers and business partners a unique experience, a vision and a true commitment. You can not work with people if you do not believe in them. I want to reinvent these concepts and make them understand the professionalism at the highest level.
ellauri375.html on line 411: I can provide information on theological concepts, but my expertise lies more in general knowledge and understanding rather than specific religious interpretations or beliefs. If you have theological questions, I'll do my best to provide accurate and informative responses.
ellauri375.html on line 534: As for determinism, it's a philosophical idea that suggests that every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the inevitable result of preceding events and the laws of nature. While my responses are guided by patterns in language and knowledge, I don't have personal beliefs or consciousness. However, I can provide information on determinism and other philosophical concepts if you're interested.
ellauri375.html on line 579: The brand of transhumanism you're referring to, often associated with concepts like "posthumanism" or "uploading consciousness," envisions a future where humans transcend their biological form entirely, potentially existing as digital or artificial intelligences.
ellauri384.html on line 222: The concepts of “Heaven” and “Hell” are not only difficult for any rational person to believe, but they are not even well-defined. Even within the belief system of Christianity, there are multiple descriptions of Heaven and Hell. Some subsets of Christendom don’t believe in hell. Those who read the Bible closely insist that “Hell” is only for traitorous angels. Everybody has a different idea of who is “definitely” going to be sent to one place or another.
ellauri384.html on line 231: The more a rational person thinks about it sensibly, the more insane both Heaven and Hell as concepts become. It is the WILL to believe that is found wanting.
ellauri445.html on line 419: Onko anglosaxeissa existentialisteja? Onko ne olleet liian menestyneitä kaupankäynnissä ja sodissa? Existentialist philosophy encompasses a range of perspectives, but it shares certain underlying concepts. Among these, a central tenet of existentialism is that personal freedom, individual responsibility, and deliberate choice are essential to the pursuit of self-discovery and the determination of life's meaning. Although the most popular voices of this movement were French, most notably Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, as well as compatriots such as Albert Camus, Gabriel Marcel, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the conceptual groundwork of the movement was laid much earlier in the nineteenth century by pioneers like
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 336: Waltulla oli siionistijuutalaisia kavereita mm Martin Buber (der Jude-lehden toimittaja). Se puuhasteli myös Stefan Georgen kanssa (miinuspisteitä). In ‘The Concept of Criticism in German Romanticism’ (1920), Benjamin presents interlinked concepts of language, sacred text, a projected reworking of Kant’s limited concept of experience, and a new approach to criticism and Romanticism as a tracing of the absolute in early Romantic writing (paljon miinuspisteitä). Benjamin argued for an ‘immanent criticism’ which would engage in some ways quite mystically with a text’s internal structures and divine traces (roppakaupalla miinusta).
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 342: Where once the unique high art forms dominated, now, for Benjamin, the mass-produced realm of the copy had come into its own, neutralizing the traditional concepts of individual creativity, genius, eternal value and mystery. Instead of achieving significance through sacred ritual, art becomes a political practice.
xxx/ellauri122.html on line 904: The haunting and challenging work delves into the complex concepts that resonate within existential philosophy, exploring themes of alienation, fear of anonymity, spiritual doubt, and the qualities that lie behind one's character. Existentialism is a fake philosophy built on narcissism to justify venture capitalism.
xxx/ellauri157.html on line 508: Hesse’s personal experience with psychoanalysis began when he sought therapy and refuge in a sanatorium after his father’s death in 1916, his first wife’s schizophrenia, and a serious illness of his son, Martin (not Mordechai). This began a long obsession with psychoanalysis, the influence of which appears in Demian (1919) and in his later work, which evidences his interest in Jungian concepts of introversion and extraversion, the collective unconscious, idealism, and the duality of human nature.
xxx/ellauri165.html on line 491: Relative to similar concepts of such beings, Azrael holds a rather benevolent role as God´s angel of death; he acts as a psychopomp, responsible for transporting the souls of the deceased after their death. Both in Islam and in Judaism, he is said to hold a scroll concerning the fate of mortals, recording and erasing their names at their birth and death, respectively.
xxx/ellauri165.html on line 664: An midway position between universal reconciliation and eternal torment is the doctrine of annihilationism, often in combination with Christian conditionalism. Some Christian leaders, such as influential theologian Martin Luther, have hypothesized other concepts such as "soul death".
xxx/ellauri165.html on line 675: General concepts
xxx/ellauri165.html on line 698: Particular concepts
xxx/ellauri168.html on line 100: Following the rise of Boris Yeltsin eclipsing Gorbachev and the election victory of Clinton over Bush, the term "new world order" fell from common usage. It is a republican logo after all like law and order and MAGA. It was replaced by competing similar concepts about how the post-Cold War order would develop. Prominent among these were the ideas of the "era of globalization", the "unipolar moment", the "end of history" and the "Clash of Civilizations".
xxx/ellauri232.html on line 338: I am new to the concept of Sabbath, and relatively ignorant of Jewish terminology, so please don’t be offended by my ignorance. But I am trying to reconcile the activity done by a rabbi at synagogue on the Sabbath with the concepts of labor and rest. It seems to me that the acts of organizing and conducting a worship/prayer gathering takes quite a bit of work. Is this an exemption to the command to “keep the Sabbath”, or would there be another day of Sabbath for the local rabbi or…what?
xxx/ellauri312.html on line 556: Flourishing is one of the most important and promising topics studied in positive psychology. Not only does it relate to many other positive concepts, it holds the key to improving the quality of life for people around the world. Discovering the pieces to the flourishing puzzle and learning how to effectively apply research findings to real life has tremendous implications for the way we live, love, and relate to one another.
xxx/ellauri379.html on line 351: Putin said, “Whoever does not miss the Soviet Union has no heart.” And then he said, “Whoever wants it back has no brain.” All nations are made up. We invent these concepts of national identity. They’re filled with all sorts of myths. You must realize that Russia has a G.N.P. smaller than Texas. Netanjahu has earned a place next to all-time crooks like Hitler, Mussolini, Pol Pot, and Ronald Reagan. We should be pivoting out of Europe to deal with China in a laser-like fashion, number one. And, number two, we should be working overtime to create friendly relations with the Russians. The Russians are part of our balancing coalition against China. what we have done with our foolish policies in Eastern Europe is drive the Russians into the arms of the Chinese. This is a violation of Balance of Power Politics 101.
xxx/ellauri404.html on line 378: Note: moshia' is not etymologically connected with the word Mashiach 'lubricated' though there is overlap in the concepts between a Savior and the Messiah.
xxx/ellauri410.html on line 1141: You're correct, the illogical falsehood of three different beings physically being one, even though they themselves continually refer to each other as separate beings, was derived from pagan concepts well before Nicaea when Constantine, a pagan emperor, held a council to vote on various doctrinal questions including the divinity of Christ and the nature of the Godhood.
xxx/ellauri442.html on line 56: Johdon filosofian rattaana pitää olla hauska ja helposti ymmärrettävä kuten esim. Emerson, Thoreau, Barthes, Kundera. Certainly Dostoevsky and Tolstoy command primary attention as does Shakespeare (in the sense of Lakoff & Johnson). Fun new words and concepts, of course, are at the core of philosophy (as stressed by Deleuze & Guattari among others) and it is clear that philosophy for managers cannot be content with the stingy discourse of academic philosophy only.
xxx/ellauri442.html on line 214: If the instrument of change in philosophy is thinking, the goal of that change is an improved, enhanced, better life. New, improved formula. Philosophy struggles to foster the build-up of the good life, indeed excellence in life, and that through the realm of thinking – using mainly blahblah, viz. words, concepts, questions, challenges, reasonings, ideas, associations, comparisons, and other instruments of the verbal and conceptual dimensions. It searches for the universally valid (in the sense of say Plato’s rationalism or Descartes’ foundationalism, or scientism of a Quine), while at the same time tuning in to the personal (Socrates, Nietzsche, Polanyi, Sartre).
xxx/ellauri442.html on line 256: Luca: Although I might recognize the historical value of this book. I must say that reading it in 2022 is not a pleasant experience. Coming from a scientific background, some concepts are obvious and the author seems to complicate them rather than simplify. Polanyi exceeds with too many examples, diluting the core, and distracting the readers.
xxx/ellauri442.html on line 481: Some critics argue that Bruner's work places too much emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development, neglecting other important factors. For example, in mathematics, children might start with simple counting, progress to addition, and later explore algebraic concepts, all building on the fundamental idea of number. Samaa vikaa voi olla Eskistä.
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