ellauri079.html on line 261: Anti-Naturalism. James D. Wallace - 1968 - Ethics 78 (4):296-302.
ellauri089.html on line 457: § 26. Definition of what is meant by "Naturalism".
ellauri089.html on line 469: § 32. but Mr Spencer is vague as to the ethical relations of "pleasure" and "evolution", and his Naturalism may be mainly Naturalistic Hedonism. …
ellauri089.html on line 499: § 46. In thus beginning to consider what things are good in themselves, we leave the refutation of Naturalism behind, and enter on the second division of ethical questions. …
ellauri089.html on line 544: § 67. and by "metaphysical Ethics" I mean those systems which maintain or imply that the answer to the question "What is good?" logically depends upon the answer to the question "What is the nature of supersensible reality?" All such systems obviously involve the same fallacy—the "naturalistic fallacy"—by the use of which Naturalism was also defined. …
ellauri145.html on line 697: 1890, while composing Là-bas, Huysmans was thoroughly fed up with both Zola and Naturalism. He wanted his novel to be “le dernier décarcassement de cette butte croulante qu’on nomme le naturalisme!” (24 July 1890, letter 99:200). Luhistuva kuoppa. Tarkoitti takuulla peräreikää. Hullua, sehän niitä nimenomaan kiinnosti.
ellauri145.html on line 699: Là-bas did strike a serious blow to the public’s conception of Naturalism. The novel, which opens with a two-page invective against Naturalism, was serialized in L’Echo de Paris, beginning on February 16, 1891. Huysmans’s protagonist, Durtal, feebly defends himself against his friend, Des Hermies, who maligns Naturalism as “du cloportisme” (siiramaisuudesta) while accusing it of having sold out: “Il a vanté l’américanisme nouveau des moeurs, abouti à l’éloge de la force brutale, à l’apothéose du coffre-fort. Par un prodige d’humilité, il a révéré le goût nauséeux des foules, et, par cela même, il a répudié le style, rejeté toute pensée altière, tout élan vers le surnaturel et l’au-delà...” (XII, 1, 6-7).
ellauri145.html on line 701: Des Hermies leaves, and Durtal, a former Naturalist, weighs his friend’s criticism. Although he is fed up with the positivism and commercialism of Naturalism, he cannot envision a novel without its research, realistic details, and style. He hypothesizes about what could be done and concludes that Naturalism must change, it must broaden its horizons:
ellauri145.html on line 707: Durtal admires the documentation of Naturalism, yet wants to open it to the supernatural, to an exploration of both body and spirit: it will be a kind of “naturalisme spiritualiste” that will follow Zola’s route, but in the air.6 This tension between realism and the supernatural lies at the heart of Là-bas, a novel in which Huysmans follows Durtal’s spiritual transformation as he researches medieval and modern Satanism. Là-bas was a scandalous best-seller. It inspired a great deal of public debate, especially since it was published in the same review and at the same time as Jules Huret’s first Enquête sur l’évolution littéraire, a series of sixty-four interviews conducted with major French authors from March 3 to July 5, 1891.7 This series, which asked its interviewees whether Naturalism was dead, was a phenomenal success read by all of Paris.8 Huret caused every non-Naturalist writer to agree that Zola’s brand of Naturalism was obsolete because it neglected humanity’s soul.
ellauri145.html on line 709: When Zola was interviewed for this series on March 31, one month after Là-bas had begun to appear, even he admitted that it was possible that Naturalism was drawing to a close: “C’est possible. Nous avons tenu un gros morceau du siècle, nous n’avons pas à nous plaindre; et nous représentons un moment assez splendide dans l’évolution des idées au dix-neuvième siècle pour ne pas craindre d’envisager l’avenir” (XII, 653).
ellauri254.html on line 461: Nach seinem Abitur im Jahre 1888 bereiste George die europäischen Metropolen London, Paris und Wien. In Wien lernte er 1891 Hugo von Hofmannsthal kennen. In Paris traf er auf den Symbolisten Stéphane Mallarmé und dessen Dichterkreis, der ihn nachhaltig beeinflusste und ihn seine exklusive und elitäre Kunstauffassung des l’art pour l’art entwickeln ließ. Seine Dichtungen sollten sich jeglicher Zweckgebundenheit und Profanierung entziehen. Zu Georges Pariser Kontaktpersonen gehörte auch Paul Verlaine. Unter dem Einfluss der Symbolisten entwickelte George eine Abneigung gegen den in Deutschland zu jener Zeit sehr populären Realismus und Naturalismus. Maxim Gorki wäre sehr böse gewesen, hätte er das gewusst. Seit 1889 studierte er drei Semester lang an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, brach sein Studium jedoch bald ab. Danach blieb er sein Leben lang ohne festen Wohnsitz, wohnte bei Freunden und Verlegern (wie Georg Bondi in Berlin), auch wenn er sich zunächst noch relativ häufig in das Elternhaus in Bingen zurückzog. Zwar hatte er von seinen Eltern ein beträchtliches Erbe erhalten, doch lebte er stets sehr genügsam. Als Dichter identifizierte er sich früh mit Dante (als der er auch beim Münchner Fasching auftrat), dessen Divina Comedia er in kleine Teile zerriss. Samanlainen ilkeä riippunokka se olikin kuin Dante.
xxx/ellauri154.html on line 222: Its symbolism is ambiguous. Does it signal lust, or is it a symbol of purity? Mieti sitä. Moreau’s typically enigmatic approach made him a target for the promoters of Naturalism, most notably Émile Zola, who accused him of retreating into his dreams and offering an artistic response to the challenge posed by science—one that couldn’t possibly have value in the modern age. Such criticism hurt him deeply and only fueled Moreau’s purposeful cultivation of ambiguity.
xxx/ellauri199.html on line 253: (Uggo: An extremely ugly person.) If aliens were to study Earth’s religions, I think they would separate them into four main categories. They would call them Abrahamism (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), Dharmism (Daosim, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism), Humanism (the worship of human beings), and Naturalism (the worship of science and laws of nature). I believe that instead of calling it religion in the way that we do, they would call it devotion because that is what all of these categories have in common. The people in them do not share rituals or doctrine, but they share devotion to the same entities. Because almost every human could fit into one of these categories of devotion, I do not think aliens would recognize atheism, and would consider every human to have some kind of devotion.
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