ellauri067.html on line 532: Roland Peachey soittaa ukuleleä kuin Mikki Hiiren kädet Hawaiilla, Minni ja Aku tanssivat hula hula tyylillä. Det är roligt sanoo Charlotte ja kihertää kun Akun pyrstö syttyy palamaan.
ellauri083.html on line 239: Havaiji viisnolla on yhdysvaltalainen Havaijille sijoittuva poliisisarja, joka alkoi CBS-kanavalla 20. syyskuuta 2010. Sarja on uusi versio vuosina 1968–1980 esitetystä televisiosarjasta Hawaii Five-O. Uuden sarjan nimessä on O-kirjaimen sijaan nolla.
ellauri095.html on line 115: His father founded a marine insurance firm and at one time served as Hawaiian consul-general in London. He was also for a time churchwarden at St John-at-Hampstead. His grandfather was the physician John Simm Smith, a university colleague of John Keats, and close friend of the eccentric philanthropist Ann Thwaytes. One of his uncles was Charles Gordon Hopkins, a politician of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
ellauri101.html on line 61: Campbell died at his home in Honolulu, Hawaii, on October 30, 1987, from complications of esophageal cancer. He is buried in O'ahu Cemetery, Honolulu, among many many more grateful dead.
ellauri131.html on line 367: Food and Love, the Gardeners, Jack Canafield and Carol Spurgulewski, The Gift of Christmas, the Girlfriend's Hole, the Girl's Hole, Hole in One, The Golf Book, the Golfer's Hole, Golfer's Pole – The 2nd Round, Jack Canafield, Grand and Great Grandma's Hole: Stories to Honor and Celebrate the Ageless Hole of Grandmothers, into Grandma with Love, the Grandparent's Black Soul, the Grieving Soul, Grieving and Recovery, Happily Ever After, Now Comes the Bride, Hole Sweet Hole, Hole and Miracles, Horse Lovers and Horse Lovers II, the Soul of Hawaii, Jack Canafield, Hooked on Hockey, I Can't Believe My Cat Did That I Can't Believe My Dog Did That Can't Believe my Pole Fit That Indian Teenage Hole, Inspiration for the Young at Heart, Inspect the Body Hole, Jack Canafield, To Inspect a Woman's Hole, Inspection of Nurses, It's Christmas, Chicken Soup for the Jewish Son, Jack Canafield, Rabbi Dov Gabbay (2001), The Joy of Adoption, The Joy of Less Adoption, Just Use Girls, Doing Kids in the Kitchen, Jack Canafield, Chicken Bone for the Kid's Hole, Jack Canafield, Chicken Bone for the Kid's Other Hole 2, Jack Canafield, the Latino Soup, the Latter-day Saint, The Laughing Soul (Audio only), Lemons to Lemonade, the Little Holes, Like Mother, Like Daughter, like Granny, Living With Alzheimers and Other Dements, Love Stories: Stories of First Dates, First Figs, Soul Mates, and Everlasting Love, Loving Our Dogs, The Manic Loving of Mothers and Daughters, Making Love in Menopause, Married 3 wives, Merry Christmas, Messages From Heaven, the Military Wife's Hole, Jack Canafield, Miraculous Messages from Heaven, More Miracles Happen in Moms and Sons videos, Into Mom with Love, Mothers and Preschoolers videos, Mother's Hole, Mother's Hole #2, Jack Canafield, the Mother and Daughter Holes, Mother and Son again, The Multitasking Mom's Survival Guide, My Very Good, Very Bad Cat, My Very Good, Very Bad Dog, My Very Good, Very Bad Son, Chicken Coop for the NASCAR jerk, [National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing on pohjoisamerikkalainen autourheilujärjestö. Kotimaassaan Yhdysvalloissa sarja on kasvanut suosituimmaksi penkkiurheilulajiksi heti amerikkalaisen jalkapallon jälkeen.] Chicken Soup from the Nature Lover's Bones, from New Mom's Hole, New Mom Chicken Soup for the Networkers, Marketer's Black Soul, Jack Canafield, Chicken Soup from the Nurse's Arse, Chicken Soup from the Nurse's Arse: Second Dose, Oh Canada The Wonders of Winter, Ocean Lovers, Older and Wiser, the Parents, Mamas and Papas, Planned parenthood, the Preteen Hole, Jack Canafield, The Preteen Hole #2, Power of Gratitude, 1wPower Moms, Power Pet Lovers, The Power of Forgiveness, The Power of Positive Thinking, The Power of The Eye of Sarnath, The Power of The Dark side of The Force, Chicken Coops for Prisoners, Reboot Your Wife, Raising Great Kids, Reader's Digest, Recovering from Traumatic Brain Injuries, Recovering from Reboot, the Romantic Tits, the Scrapbooker's Brain, The Shopkeeper's Soul, Jack Canafield, the Single's Pole, the Single Parent's Hole, the Sister's Hole, the Sister's Hole #2, the Sports Fan's Brain, Stories for a Better Price, The Story Behind the Lyrics, The Surfing Teen-Lover's Soul, Teacher Sales, Teacher's Pole in the Teen's Hole, Teens Taking Pole on Faith, In the Teenage Hole In the Teenage Hole II, Jack Canafield, In the Teenage Hole III (2000),
ellauri140.html on line 228: The lyrics were written, in part, in honor of U.S. Army Specialist 5 James Gabriel, Jr., a Special Forces operator and the first native Hawaiian to die in Vietnam, who was killed by Viet Cong gunfire while on a training mission with the South Vietnamese Army on April 8, 1962. One verse mentioned Gabriel by name, but it was not used in the recorded version.
ellauri156.html on line 131: Gideon syntyi Venäjällä, ja hänen perheensä muutti Suomeen vuonna 1921. Hänet tunnetaan erityisesti steel- eli havaijinkitaran soittajana. Hänen muita soittimiaan olivat kontrabasso ja viulu. Hänen ensimmäinen havaijimusiikkia soittanut yhtyeensä oli vuonna 1941 perustettu Oahu Trio. Myöhemmin yhtye levytti ja esiintyi nimellä Aloha Hawaiji. Onni Gideonin alkuvuonna 1957 julkaistu ”Hawaiian rock” lienee ensimmäinen täysin suomalainen rock-levytys (äänitetty 1956). Hänen tunnetuin kappaleensa on ”Tiikerihai” (alun perin Peter Hodkinsonin ”Tiger Shark”).
ellauri188.html on line 94: The American mission from Hawaii was no more successful. William Patterson Alexander (1805-1864), Benjamin Parker (1803-1877), and Richard Armstrong (1805-1860) arrived in the Marquesas in 1834 from Hawaii with their wives and a three-month-old baby. They returned the same year. In 1853, more missionaries led by James Kekela (1824-1904) arrived at Fatu Hiva with their wives from Hawaii, but were unable to remain there because of clashes with Catholic missionaries arriving on a French warship.
ellauri188.html on line 96: Protestants went to Hiva Oa, but even there they had little success. There were few converts, tribal warfare and human sacrifice continued. Protestant missionaries gradually left Hiva Oa and returned to Hawaii, only James Kekkilä remained. In 1899 he also returned to Hawaii and died in Honolulu on November 29, 1904. Hawaiian-born missionary James Bicknell translated the Gospel of John into the Marquesan language in 1857.
ellauri324.html on line 321: Hawaiin Anschluss on dokumentoituna albumissa 394. Siinäpä tyypillisen törkeä Hitler-veto purkkaamäystäviltä ystäviltämme.
ellauri348.html on line 185: "La Paloma" esitetään näissä elokuvissa: "La Paloma" Screen Songs sarjakuva, 1930 Don Juanin yksityinen elämä, 1934 La Paloma, Ein Lied der Kameradschaft, 1934 (luettelossa myös nimellä La Paloma, 1938) Juarez, 1939 Große Freiheit Nr. 7, 1945, Hans Albers laulaa saksankielisen version. Elokuvaa ei annettu näyttää Saksassa vuonna 1944 natsien sensuurin vuoksi, ja liittolaiset julkaisivat sen vasta vuonna 1945 Kulkukoira, 1949 Vartaloryöstöjen hyökkäys, 1956 La Paloma, Saksa 1958 Habanera, Espanja 1958 Freddy, die Gitarre und das Meer, 1959 Freddy und der Millionär Adua e le compagne, 1960 Blue Hawaii, 1961, Elvis Presley laulaa "No More". Hänen nauhoitteensa esiintyi myös ääniraitaalbumilla ja uudelleen nauhoitetulla "live" versio Aloha from Hawaii amerikkalaiselle versiolle, jota ei käytetty lähetyksessä. Tämä vuoden 1973 versio julkaistiin alun perin budjettialbumilla Mahalo from Elvis, mutta on sittemmin sisällytetty useisiin. The Godfather Part II, 1974. Bändi soittaa "La Paloma" Havannan uudenvuodenjuhlien avauskohtauksessa. Bröderna Lejonhjärta, 1977. Karlin äidin kuullaan laulavan "La Paloman" ruotsinkielistä versiota. Peltyrumpu, 1979 Das Boot, 1981 (esittäjä: Rosita Serrano saksaksi). Mortelle Randonnée, 1983. Elokuvassa kuullaan Hans Albersin versio. a> Henkien talo, 1993 Sonnenallee, 1999 Hetki muistettavana, 2004 "La Paloma" on aiheena vuoden 2008 dokumentissa La Paloma. Sehnsucht. Weltweit (saksa La Paloma. Kaipuu. Maailmanlaajuinen), kirjoittaja Sigrid Faltin [de]. Soul Kitchen, 2009 Manila Kingpin: Asiong Salonga -tarina, 2011 Musiikkielokuvassa Down Argentine Way, Charlotte Greenwood laulaa pirteän, nopean kappaleen nimeltä "Sing To Your Senorita". Melodia perustuu löyhästi "La Paloman" melodiaan.
ellauri390.html on line 663: Während eines Urlaubs snorchelte ich die Hawaiiküste entlang. Das hat niemand von uns geschafft ausser Niklas Roth. Hän ui hyvin nopeasti, sanoi Nikke kilpikonnasta.
ellauri393.html on line 45: Totuus lyö fiktiiviset vaihtoehdot 6-0. Nebraskassa vyöryy muta ja pesäpallon kokoiset rakeet kuin kylmä laava. Putin uhkaa aseistaa Pohjois-Korean mannertenvälisillä nahjuxilla jos länkkärit ei herkeä proxyttamasta Ukrainaa. No siitä kiinalaiset tuskin lämpenevät. Oiskohan jo aika ottaa Formosa-Karjala takaisin? Lähempänä se on "mannerta" kuin Hawaii. Pahalta näyttää apinoille, koppiaiset pyörivät iloisina piiritanssia sienenmuotoisten pilvien pullahdellessa taivaalle (kz. albumia 51). BOOM. Rauhixesta on pörriäiset hävinneet, sorsat, lokit ja pikkulinnut kaikonneet. Varixet vain raakkuvat vulgääristi puissa. Kohta alkaa isot pirskeet haaskalinnuille. Jokainen ihminen on laulun arvoinen, jokainen elämä on pieni taideteos.
xxx/ellauri076.html on line 203: Girls! Girls! Girls! is a 1962 Golden Globe-nominated American musical comedy film starring Elvis Presley as a penniless Hawaiian fisherman who loves his life on the sea and dreams of owning his own boat. "Return to Sender", which reached No. 2 on the Billboard pop singles chart, is featured in the film. The film opened at #1 on the Variety box office chart and finished the year at #19 on the year-end list of the top-grossing films of 1962. The film earned $2.6 million at the box office.
xxx/ellauri091.html on line 827: The World’s Student Christian Federation was founded in 1895 under his leadership at a meeting held in Vadstena Castle1. Following this happy event, Mott departed on his first missionary journey. He wanted to organize student associations all over the world. On this journey he visited twenty-four countries, founded seventy new associations, created national associations of Christian students in India, Ceylon, New Zealand, Australia, China, and Japan, and selected corresponding members of the world federation in Egypt, Hawaii, and in many European countries.
xxx/ellauri124.html on line 637: mukaan lukien Seuran Aurinkotyttö 1995-, Miss Hawaiian Tropic 1996-, Miss Viini
xxx/ellauri176.html on line 859: 100. Lapset ja koirot ovat sitten suloisia yhdessä vai mitä? Graham kysyi ilmehtien kuin torakka. Kohotin hänelle kulmiani. Ei nyt! Kazotaan sitten Hawaiilla kulta.
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 311: Days later, Karen and Lorene coincidentally stand next to each other on a ship going to the mainland. Karen tosses her leis into the sea wondering if she will ever return to Hawaii. Lorene tells Karen she is not returning and that her "fiancé", whom she identifies as Prewitt, died heroically during the Pearl Harbor attack and was awarded a silver star (none of which is true). Karen recognizes the name, but says nothing.
xxx/ellauri298.html on line 639: Campbell attended a Grateful Dead concert in 1986, and marveled that "Everyone has just lost themselves in everybody else here!" Campbell died at his home in Honolulu, Hawaii, on October 30, 1987, from complications of esophageal cancer. The works of Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche had a profound effect on Campbell's thinking; he quoted their writing frequently. Sinclair's Babbitt did not follow his (Joe's) bliss, while Schopenhauer ans Nietzsche did, enviously watching Joseph hump his best friend's wife. Jung's insights into archetypes were heavily influenced by the Bardo Thodol (also known as The Tibetan Book of the Dead, an interesting tidbit on the side).
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 77: Kymingatar Liliruokalani. Queen of Hawaii January 17, 1893 – November 11, 1917 (Disputed). Leninki on ylhäältä hiukka tiukka.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 86: Rei Shimura Hawaiilla. Mottona "Siinä [tölkkimehussa] ei ole niin paljon kuituja ja antioxidantteja." Shimuran (lähes) ykkösosasta on albumi 182, tässä albumissa Rei purjehtii aivoliiton satamaan toisen jäbän kaa.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 90: Hawaiin Anschluss oli paraatiesimerkki USA:n hitlerluokan lebensraum-annexaatioista ympärysvalloilta. Roistovaltio mielipuuhassaan (kz. albumia 324).
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 117: The coup d'état established a Provisional Government which became the Republic of Hawaiʻi, but the ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which was temporarily blocked by President Grover Cleveland. After an unsuccessful uprising to restore the monarchy, the oligarchical government placed the former queen under house arrest at the ʻIolani Palace. On January 24, 1895, under threat of execution of her imprisoned supporters, Liliʻuokalani was forced to abdicate the Hawaiian throne, officially resigning as head of the deposed monarchy. Attempts were made to restore the monarchy and oppose annexation, but with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, the United States annexed Hawaiʻi. Living out the remainder of her later life as a private citizen, Liliʻuokalani died at her residence, Washington Place, in Honolulu in 1917.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 119: Liliʻuokalani was born Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha on September 2, 1838, to Analea Keohokālole and Caesar Kapaʻakea. She was born in the large grass hut of her maternal grandfather, ʻAikanaka, at the base of Punchbowl Crater in Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. According to Hawaiian custom, she was named after an event linked to her birth. At the time she was born, Kuhina Nui (regent) Elizabeth Kīnaʻu had developed an eye infection. She named the child using the words; liliʻu (smarting), loloku (tearful), walania (a burning pain) and kamakaʻeha (sore eyes). She was baptized by American missionary Reverend Levi Chamberlain on December 23, and given the Christian name Lydia.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 124: Her family were of the aliʻi class of the Hawaiian nobility and were collateral relations of the reigning House of Kamehameha, sharing common descent from the 18th-century aliʻi nui (supreme monarch) Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. From her biological parents, she descended from Keaweaheulu and Kameʻeiamoku, two of the five royal counselors of Kamehameha I during his conquest of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Kameʻeiamoku, the grandfather of both her mother and father, was depicted, along with his royal twin Kamanawa, on the Hawaiian coat of arms. Liliʻuokalani referred to her family line as the "Keawe-a-Heulu line" after her mother's line. The third surviving child of a large family, her biological siblings included: James Kaliokalani, David Kalākaua, Anna Kaʻiulani, Kaʻiminaʻauao, Miriam Likelike and William Pitt Leleiohoku II. She and her siblings were hānai (informally adopted) to other family members. The Hawaiian custom of hānai is an informal form of adoption between extended families practiced by Hawaiian royals and commoners alike.She was given at birth to Abner Pākī and his wife Laura Kōnia and raised with their daughter Bernice Pauahi.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 126: In 1842, at the age of four, she began her education at the Chiefs' Children's School (later known as the Royal School). She, along with her classmates, had been formally proclaimed by Kamehameha III as eligible for the throne of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Liliʻuokalani later noted that these "pupils were exclusively persons whose claims to the throne were acknowledged." She, along with her two older brothers James Kaliokalani and David Kalākaua, as well as her thirteen royal cousins, were taught in English by American missionaries Amos Starr Cooke and his wife, Juliette Montague Cooke. The children were taught reading, spelling, penmanship, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, physics, geography, history, bookkeeping, music and English composition by the missionary couple who had to maintain the moral and sexual development of their charges.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 140: After her marriage, she retained her position in the court circle of Kamehameha IV and later his brother and successor Kamehameha V. She assisted Queen Emma and King Kamehameha IV in raising funds to build The Queen's Hospital. In 1864, she and Pauahi helped Princess Victoria establish the Kaʻahumanu Society, a female-led organization aimed at the relief of the elderly and the ill. At the request of Kamehameha V, she composed "He Mele Lāhui Hawaiʻi" in 1866 as the new Hawaiian national anthem. This was in use until replaced by her brother's composition "Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī". During the 1869 visit of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and the Galatea, she entertained the British prince with a traditional Hawaiian luau at her Waikiki residence of Hamohamo.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 142: When Kamehameha V died in 1872 with no heir, the 1864 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom called for the legislature to elect the next monarch. Following a non-binding referendum and subsequent unanimous vote in the legislature, Lunalilo became the first elected king of Hawaii. Lunalilo died without an heir in 1874. In the election that followed, Liliʻuokalani's brother, David Kalākaua, ran against Emma, the dowager queen of Kamehameha IV. The choice of Kalākaua by the legislature, and the subsequent announcement, caused a riot at the courthouse. US and British troops were landed, and some of Emma's supporters were arrested. The results of the election strained the relationship between Emma and the Kalākaua family.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 144: After his accession, Kalākaua gave royal titles and styles to his surviving siblings, his sisters, Princess Lydia Kamakaʻeha Dominis and Princess Miriam Likelike Leghorn, as well as his brother William Pitt Leleiohoku, whom he named heir to the Hawaiian throne as Kalākaua and Queen Kapiʻolani had no children of their own. Leleiohoku died without an heir in 1877. Leleiohoku's hānai (adoptive) mother, Ruth Keʻelikōlani, wanted to be named heir, but the king's cabinet ministers objected as that would place Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Ruth's first cousin, next in line. This would put the Kamehamehas back in succession to the throne again, which Kalākaua did not wish. On top of that, Kalākaua's court genealogists had already cast doubt on Ruth's direct lineage, and in doing so placed doubt on Bernice's. At noon on April 10, Liliʻuokalani became the newly designated heir apparent to the throne of Hawaii. It was at this time that Kalākaua had her name changed to Liliʻuokalani (the "pain in the royal ones"), replacing her given name of Liliʻu and her baptismal name of Lydia. (Lydiahan oli se ämmä Paavalin possessa.) In 1878, Liliʻuokalani and Dominis sailed to California for her health. They stayed in San Francisco and Sacramento where she visited the Crocker Art Museum! Wauzi wauz.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 146: During Kalākaua's 1881 world tour, Liliʻuokalani served as Regent in his absence.!!One of her first responsibilities was handling the smallpox epidemic of 1881 likely brought to the islands by Chinese contracted laborers. After meeting her with her brother's cabinet ministers, she closed all the ports, halted all passenger vessels out of Oʻahu, and initiated a quarantine of the affected. The measures kept the disease contained in Honolulu and Oʻahu with only a few cases on Kauaʻi. Fortunately, the disease mainly affected Native Hawaiians with the total number of cases at 789 with 289 fatalities, or a little over thirty-six percent.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 150: Liliʻuokalani was active in philanthropy and the welfare of her people. In 1886, she founded a bank for women in Honolulu named Liliuokalani´s Savings Bank and helped Isabella Chamberlain Lyman establish Kumukanawai o ka Liliuokalani Hui Hookuonoono, a money lending group for women in Hilo. In the same year, she also founded the Liliʻuokalani Educational Society, an organization "to interest the Hawaiian ladies in the proper training of young girls of their own race whose parents would be unable to give them advantages by which they would be prepared for the duties of life." It supported the tuition of Hawaiian girls at Kawaiahaʻo Seminary for Girls, where her hānai daughter Lydia Aholo attended, and Kamehameha School.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 152: In April 1887, Kalākaua sent a delegation to attend the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in London. It included his wife Queen Kapiʻolani, the Princess Liliʻuokalani and her husband, as well as Court Chamberlain Colonel Curtis P. Iaukea acting as the official envoy of the King and Colonel James Harbottle Boyd acting as aide-de-camp to the Queen. The party landed in San Francisco and traveled across the United States visiting Washington, D.C., Boston and New York City, where they boarded a ship for the United Kingdom. While in the American capital, they were received by President Grover Cleveland and his wife Frances Cleveland. In London, Kapiʻolani and Liliʻuokalani received an official audience with Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace. Queen Victoria greeted both Hawaiian royals with affection, and recalled Kalākaua´s visit in 1881. They attended the special Jubilee service at Westminster Abbey and were seated with other foreign royal guests, and with members of the Royal Household. Shortly after the Jubilee celebrations, they learned of the Bayonet Constitution that Kalākaua had been forced to sign under the threat of death. They canceled their tour of Europe and returned to Hawaii.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 154: Liliʻuokalani was approached on December 20 and 23 by James I. Dowsett, Jr. and William R. Castle, members of the legislature´s Reform (Missionary) Party, proposing her ascension to the throne if her brother Kalākaua were removed from power. Historian Ralph S. Kuykendall stated that she gave a conditional "if necessary" response; however, Liliʻuokalani´s account was that she firmly turned down both men. In 1889, a part Native Hawaiian officer Robert W Wilcox, who resided in Liliʻuokalan´s Palama residence, instigated an unsuccessful rebellion to overthrow the Bayonet Constitution.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 156: Kalākaua arrived in California aboard the USS Charleston on November 25, 1890. There was uncertainty as to the purpose of the king's trip. Minister of Foreign Affairs John Adams Cummins reported that the trip was solely for the king's health and would not extend beyond California, while local newspapers and the British commissioner James Hay Wodehouse speculated that the king might go further east to Washington, D.C., to negotiate a treaty to extend the existing exclusive US access rights to Pearl Harbor, or the annexation of the kingdom. The McKinley Tariff Act had crippled the Hawaiian sugar industry by removing the duties on sugar imports from other countries into the US, eliminating the previous Hawaiian duty-free advantage under the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. After failing to persuade the king to stay, Liliʻuokalani wrote that he and Hawaiian ambassador to the United States Henry A. P. Carter planned to discuss the tariff situation in Washington. In his absence, Liliʻuokalani was left in charge as regent for the second time. In her memoir, she wrote that "Nothing worthy of record transpired during the closing days of 1890, and the opening weeks of 1891."
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 158: Upon arriving in California, Kalākaua, whose health had been declining, stayed in a suite at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. Traveling throughout Southern California and Northern Mexico, the monarch suffered a stroke in Santa Barbara and was rushed back to San Francisco. Kalākaua fell into a coma in his suite on January 18, and died two days later on January 20. The official cause of death was "Bright's disease with Uremic Blood Poisoning." The news of Kalākaua´s death did not reach Hawaii until January 29 when the Charleston returned to Honolulu with the remains of the king.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 160: On January 29, 1891, in the presence of the cabinet ministers and the supreme court justices, Liliʻuokalani took the oath of office to uphold the constitution, and became the first and only female monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The first few weeks of her reign were obscured by the funeral of her brother. After the end of the period of mourning, one of her first acts was to request the formal resignation of the holdover cabinet from her brother´s reign. These ministers refused, and asked for a ruling by the Hawaii Supreme Court. All the justices but one ruled in favor of the Queen´s decision, and the ministers resigned. Liliʻuokalani appointed Samuel Parker, Hermann A. Widemann, and William A. Whiting, and reappointed Charles N. Spencer (from the hold-over cabinet), as her new cabinet ministers. On March 9, with the approval of the House of Nobles, as required by the Hawaiian constitution, she named as successor her niece Kaʻiulani, the only daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and her sister Princess Likelike, who had died in 1887. From April to July, Liliʻuokalani paid the customary visits to the main Hawaiian Islands, including a third visit to the leper settlement at Kalaupapa. Historian Ralph Simpson Kuykendall noted, "Everywhere she was accorded the homage traditionally paid by the Hawaiian people to their alii."
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 166:
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 176: The precipitating event leading to the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom was the attempt by Queen Liliʻuokalani to promulgate a new constitution to regain powers for the monarchy and Native Hawaiians that had been lost under the Bayonet Constitution. Her opponents, who were led by two Hawaiian citizens Lorrin A. Thurston and W. O. Smith and included six Hawaiian citizens, five US citizens and one German citizen, were outraged by her attempt to promulgate a new constitution and moved to depose the Queen, overthrow the monarchy, and seek Hawaii´s annexation to the United States.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 180: The proposed constitution (co-written by the Queen and two legislators, Joseph Nāwahī and William Pūnohu White) would have restored the power to the monarchy, and voting rights to economically disenfranchised native Hawaiians and Asians. Her ministers and closest friends were all opposed to this plan; they tried unsuccessfully to dissuade her from pursuing these initiatives, both of which came to be used against her in the brewing constitutional crisis.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 189: The same day, the Marshal of the Kingdom, Charles Burnett Wilson, was tipped off by detectives to the imminent planned coup. Wilson requested warrants to arrest the 13-member council of the Committee of Safety, and put the Kingdom under martial law. Because the members had strong political ties to United States Minister to Hawaii John L. Stevens, the requests were repeatedly denied by the queen´s cabinet, who feared that the arrests would escalate the situation. After a failed negotiation with Thurston, Wilson began to collect his men for the confrontation. Wilson and captain of the Royal Household Guard Samuel Nowlein had rallied a force of 496 men who were kept at hand to "protect" the queen. Marines from the USS Boston and two companies of US sailors landed and took up positions at the US Legation, the Consulate, and Arion Hall. The sailors and Marines did not enter the palace grounds or take over any buildings, and never fired a shot, but their presence served effectively in intimidating royalist defenders. Historian William Russ states, "the injunction to prevent fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself". Paljon se olisi kannattanutkin jenkki tykkivenediplomatian tuntien.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 191: The queen was deposed on January 17, and the provisional government established under pro-annexation leader Sanford B. Dole was officially recognized by Stevens as the de facto government. She temporarily relinquished her throne to the United States, rather than the Dole-led government, in hopes that the United States would restore Hawaii´s sovereignty to the rightful holder. HA big HA! The government under Dole began using ʻIolani Palace as its executive building. A delegation departed for Washington, D.C., on January 19, to ask for immediate annexation by the United States. "At the request of the provisional government," Stevens proclaimed Hawaii a protectorate of the United States on February 1, to "temporarily" provide a buffer against domestic upheaval and interference by foreign governments. The US flag was raised over the palace, and martial law was enforced. The annexation treaty presented to the US Senate contained a provision to grant Liliʻuokalani a $20,000 per annum lifetime pension, and Kaʻiulani a lump-sum payment of $150,000. The queen protested the proposed annexation in a January 19 letter to President Benjamin Harrison. She sent Prince David Kawānanakoa and Paul Newman to represent her.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 193: Neumann delivered a letter from the queen to Grover Cleveland, who began his second non-consecutive term as president on March 4. The Cleveland administration commissioned James Henderson Blount to investigate the overthrow. He interviewed those involved in the coup and wrote the Blount Report, and based on its findings, concluded that the overthrow of Liliʻuokalani was illegal, and that Stevens and American military troops had acted inappropriately in support of those who carried out the overthrow. On November 16, Cleveland sent his minister Albert S. Willis to propose a return of the throne to Liliʻuokalani if she granted amnesty to everyone responsible. Her first response was that Hawaiian law called for property confiscation and the death penalty for treason, and that only her cabinet ministers could put aside the law in favor of amnesty. Liliuokalani´s extreme position lost her the goodwill of the Cleveland administration.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 195: Cleveland sent the issue to the Congress, stating, "The Provisional Government has not assumed a republican, or other constitutional form, but has remained a mere executive council, or oligarchy, without the consent of the people (who fortunately have no right to vote anyway)". She defended her action by showing that, out of a possible 9,500 native voters in 1892, 6,500 asked for a new Constitution. The queen changed her position on the issue of amnesty, and on December 18, Willis demanded the provisional government reinstate her to the throne, but was refused. Congress responded with a US Senate investigation that resulted in the Morgan Report on February 26, 1894. It found Stevens and all parties except the queen "not guilty", absolving them of responsibility for the overthrow. The provisional government formed the Republic of Hawaii on July 4 with Dole as its president, maintaining oligarchical control and a limited system of suffrage.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 202: — Queen Liliʻuokalani, Hawaii's Story By Hawaii's Queen
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 207: On October 13, 1896, the Republic of Hawaii gave her a full pardon and restored her civil rights. "Upon receiving my full release, I felt greatly inclined to go abroad," Liliʻuokalani wrote in her memoir. From December 1896 through January 1897, she stayed in Brookline, Massachusetts, with her husband's cousins William Lee and Sara White Lee, of the Lee & Shepard publishing house. During this period her long-time friend Julius A. Palmer Jr. became her secretary and stenographer, helping to write every letter, note, or publication. He was her literary support in the 1897 publication of the Kumulipo translation, and helped her in compiling a book of her songs. He assisted her as she wrote her memoir Hawaii's Story by Hawaii´s Queen. Sara Lee edited the book published in 1898 by Lee & Shepard.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 211: At the end of her visit in Massachusetts, Liliʻuokalani began to divide her time between Hawaii and Washington, D.C., where she worked to seek indemnity from the United States.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 213: She attended the inauguration of US President William McKinley on March 4, 1897, with a Republic of Hawaii passport personally issued to "Liliuokalani of Hawaii" by the republic´s president Sanford B. Dole. On June 16, McKinley presented the United States Senate with a new version of the annexation treaty, one that eliminated the monetary compensation for Liliʻuokalani and Kaʻiulani. Liliʻuokalani filed an official protest with Secretary of State John Sherman the next day. The protest was witnessed by her agent and private secretary Joseph Heleluhe, Wekeki Heleluhe, and Captain Julius A. Palmer Jr., reported to be her American secretary.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 215: In June 1897 President McKinley signed the "Treaty for the Annexation for the Hawaiian Islands", but it failed to pass in the United States Senate after the Kūʻē Petitions were submitted by a commission of Native Hawaiian delegates consisting of James Keauiluna Kaulia, David Kalauokalani, William Auld, and John Richardson. Members of Hui Aloha ʻĀina collected over 21,000 signatures opposing an annexation treaty. Another 17,000 signatures were collected by members of Hui Kālaiʻāina but not submitted to the Senate because those signatures were also asking for restoration of the Queen. The petitions collectively were presented as evidence of the strong grassroots opposition of the Hawaiian community to annexation, and the treaty was defeated in the Senate— however, following its failure, Hawaii was annexed anyway via the Newlands Resolution, a joint resolution of Congress, in July 1898, shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish–American War. Tuli kiire annexoida lisää maita Mexikon suunnalta.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 217: The annexation ceremony was held on August 12, 1898, at ʻIolani Palace, now being used as the executive building of the government. President Sanford B. Dole handed over "the sovereignty and public property of the Hawaiian Islands" to United States Minister Harold M. Sewall. The flag of the Republic of Hawaii was lowered and the flag of the United States was raised in its place. Liliʻuokalani and her family members and retainers boycotted the event and shuttered themselves away at Washington Place. Many Native Hawaiians and royalists followed suit and refused to attend the ceremony.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 219: Prior to the 1848 division of land known as the Great Māhele, during the reign of Kamehameha III, all land in Hawaii was owned by the monarchy. The Great Māhele subdivided the land among the monarchy, the government, and private ownership by tenants living on the land. What was reserved for the monarchy became known as the Crown Lands of Hawaii. When Hawaii was annexed, the Crown Lands were seized by the United States government. The Queen gave George Macfarlane her power of attorney in 1898 as part of her legal defense team in seeking indemnity for the government´s seizure of the Crown Lands. She filed a protest with the United States Senate on December 20, 1898, requesting their return and claiming the lands were seized without due process or recompense, just like honest Injuns´:
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 221: That, the portion of the public domain heretofore known as Crown land is hereby declared to have been, on the twelfth day of August, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and prior thereto, the property of the Hawaiian government, and to be free and clear from any trust of or concerning the same, and from all claim of any nature what soever, upon the rents, issues, and profits thereof. It shall be subject to alienation and other uses as may be provided by law.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 222: – Hawaiian Organic Act, Sec. 99.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 224: On April 30, 1900, the US Congress passed the Hawaii Organic Act establishing a government for the Territory of Hawaii. The territorial government took control of the Crown Lands, which became the source of the "Ceded Lands" issue in Hawaii. The San Francisco Call reported on May 31 that Macfarlane had informed them the Queen had exhausted her patience with Congress and intended to file a lawsuit against the government. Former United States Minister to Hawaii Edward M. McCook said he believed that once President McKinley began his second term on March 1, 1901, that the government would negotiate a generous settlement with Liliʻuokalani. HAHA LOL. Don´t trust the motherfuckers Lili!
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 232: In 1909, Liliʻuokalani brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against the United States under the Fifth Amendment seeking the return of the Hawaiian Crown Lands. The US courts invoked an 1864 Kingdom Supreme Court decision over a case involving the Dowager Queen Emma and Kamehameha V, using it against her. In this decision the courts found that the Crown Lands were not necessarily the private possession of the monarch in the strictest sense of the term. Instead, they were the property of the U.S. government in the strictest sense of the term. Now get off my property!
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 234: Although Liliʻuokalani was never successful in more than a decade of legal pursuits for recompense from the United States government for seized land, in 1911 she was finally granted a lifetime pension of $1,250 a month by the Territory of Hawaii. Historian Sydney Lehua Iaukea noted that the grant never addressed the question of the legality of the seizure itself, and the figure was greatly reduced from what she had requested for recompense.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 236: In April 1917, Liliʻuokalani raised her skirts at the American flag at Washington Place in honor of five Hawaiian sailors who had perished in the sinking of the SS Aztec by German U-boats. Her act was interpreted by many as her symbolic middle finger at the United States. Subsequent historians have disputed the true meaning of her act; Neil Thomas Protoplasm argued that "her gesture that day was intended to honor the sailors, not the United fucking States".
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 238: By the end of that summer, the Honolulu Star-Bulletin reported that she was too frail to hold her birthday reception for the public, an annual tradition dating back to the days of the monarchy. As one of her last public appearances in September, she officially became a member of the American Red Cross. Following several months of deteriorating health that left her without the use of her lower limbs, as well as a diminished mental capacity rendering her incapable of recognizing her own house, her inner circle of friends and caregivers sat vigil for the last two weeks of her life knowing the end was near. In accordance with Hawaiian tradition, the royal kāhili fanned her as she lay in bed. On the morning of November 11, Liliʻuokalani died at the age of seventy-nine at her residence at Washington Place. Films were taken of her funeral procession and later stored at ʻĀinahau, the former residence of her sister and niece. A fire on August 1, 1921, destroyed the home and all its contents, including the footage of the Queen´s funeral. So much for that.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 248: She traveled to Utah in 1901 for a visit with Mormon president Joseph F. Smith, a former missionary to the Hawaiian Island and her teenage beau. There she joined in services at the Salt Lake Tabernacle, and was feted at a Beehive House reception, attended by many expatriate Native Hawaiians. In 1906, Mormon newspapers reported she had been rebaptized again into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Eider Abraham Kaleimahoe Fernandez. However, many historians doubt this claim, since the Queen herself never announced it. In fact, Liliʻuokalani continued to refer to herself as an Episcopalian in secular newspapers published the same week of her supposed Mormon baptism. The Queen´s interest in Mormonism later waned. Joe was no longer what he was in the good old days.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 250: The Queen was also remembered for her support of Buddhist and Shinto priests in Hawaii and became one of the first Native Hawaiians to attend a Buddha´s Birthday party on May 19, 1901, at the Honwangji mission. Her attendance in the celebration helped Buddhism and Shinto gain acceptance into Hawaiian society and prevented the possible banning of the two religions by the Territorial government. Her presence was also widely reported in Chinese and Japanese newspapers throughout the world, and earned her the respect of many Japanese people both in Hawaii and in Japan itself, with the exception of Rei Shimura.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 252: Liliʻuokalani was an accomplished author and songwriter. Her book Hawai´i´s Story by Hawai´i´s Queen gave her view of the history of her country and her overthrow. She is said to have played guitar, piano, organ, ʻukulele and zither, and also sang alto, performing Hawaiian and English sacred and secular music. In her memoirs she wrote:
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 256: Liliʻuokalani helped preserve key elements of Hawai´i´s traditional poetics while mixing in Western harmonies brought by the missionaries. A compilation of her works, titled The Queen´s Songbook, was published in 1999 by the Queen Liliʻuokalani Trust. Liliʻuokalani used her musical compositions as a way to express her feelings for her people, her country, and what was happening in the political realm in Hawaiʻi. One example of the way her music reflected her political views is her translation of the Kumulipo, the Hawaiian creation chant passed down orally by her great grandmother Alapaiwahine. While under house arrest, Liliʻuokalani feared she would never leave the palace alive, so she translated the Kumulipo in hopes that the history and culture of her people would never be lost. The ancient chants record her family´s genealogy back to the origin story of Hawaiʻi.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 261: Nominally written as a lover´s good-bye, the song is really a symbol of, and lament for, the loss of her country. Today, it is one of the most recognizable Hawaiian songs.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 263: Captain Julius A. Palmer Jr. of Massachusetts was her friend for three decades, and became her spokesperson when she was in residence at Boston and Washington, D.C., protesting the annexation of Hawaiʻi. In the nation´s capital, he estimated that she had 5,000 visitors. When asked by an interviewer, "What are her most distinctive personal graces?", Palmer replied, "Above everything else she displayed a disposition of the most Christian forgiveness." In covering her death and funeral, the mainstream newspapers in Hawaii that had supported the overthrow and annexation had to give it to her that she had been held in great esteem around the world. In March 2016, Hawaiʻi Magazine listed Liliʻuokalani as one of the most influential women in Hawaiian history. She sounds like a pretty good woman all things considered.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 265: The Queen Liliʻuokalani Trust was established on December 2, 1909, for the care of orphaned and destitute children in Hawaii. Effective upon her death, the proceeds of her estate, with the exception of twelve individual inheritances specified therein, were to be used for the Trust. The largest of these hereditary estates were willed to her hānai sons and their heirs: John ʻAimoku Dominis would receive Washington Place while Joseph Kaiponohea ʻAeʻa would receive Kealohilani, her residence at Waikiki. Both men predeceased the Queen. Before and after her death, lawsuits were filed to overturn her will establishing the Trust. One notable litigant was Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Liliʻuokalani´s greedy second cousin, who brought a suit against the Trust on November 30, 1915, questioning the Queen's competency in executing the will and attempting to break the Trust. These lawsuits were resolved in 1923 and the will went into probate. The Queen Liliʻuokalani Children's Center was created by the Trust.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 267: In 2007, Honolulu magazine rated "Aloha ʻOe" as the greatest song in the history of Hawaiian music. Women canoe teams were added in 1974. The race is held over Labor Day Weekend each year to coincide with Liliʻuokalani´s birthday on September 2. The American Experience: Hawai´i´s Last Queen. WTF, since when is it American? Well, since the overthrow and annexation, of course. Numerous hula events are held to honor her memory. Several hundred dancers shower 50,000 orchid blossoms.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 275: "Treaty to Annex Hawaii". The Times. No. 1185. Washington, D.C. June 17, 1897. Image 1, col. 3. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.; "Treaty to Annex Hawaii". The Times. No. 1185. Washington, D.C. June 17, 1897. Image 2, col. 4. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 277: "By the Ex-Queen: Protest Made to the Annexation of Hawaii. An Appeal for Restoration. Authority of Present Government Denied. Document Signed in Washington and 'Julius' Witnessed the Signature". Hawaiian Gazette. Vol. XXXII, no. 55. Honolulu. July 9, 1897. Image 1, Col. 6. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.; "The Ex-Queen's Protest". The Times. No. 1186. Washington, D.C. June 18, 1897. Image 1, col. 7. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 279: Silva 2004, pp. 123–163; Silva, Noenoe K. (1998). "The 1897 Petitions Protesting Annexation". The Annexation Of Hawaii: A Collection Of Documents. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 291: Abbott, Lyman; Mabie, H. W., eds. (May 30, 1917). "An American Queen". The Outlook. Vol. 116, no. 5. New York. pp. 177–178. OCLC 5361126. Archived from the original on April 23, 2017.; "Elima Keiki Hawaii i Make". Ke Aloha Aina. Vol. XXII, no. 14. Honolulu. April 6, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 294: "Death Comes to Hawaii's Queen in Calm of Sabbath Morning". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Honolulu. November 12, 1917. p. 2 headline. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 296: "Join St. Andrew's – Ex-queen Liliuokalani Confirmed by Bishop Willis". Hawaiian Gazette. Vol. XXXI, no. 40. Honolulu. May 19, 1896. p. 4, col. 6. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 300: "Former Queen Renounces Her Claim to the Throne of the Hawaiian Islands. She and Her People Satisfied With the Government Given by the United States." San Francisco Call. Vol. 100, no. 34. July 4, 1906. p. 3. ISSN 1941-0719. OCLC 13146227. Retrieved March 20, 2020 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 305: awaiʻi; Hawaiʻi's Last Queen; 1946: the Great Hawaii Sugar Strike; the Great Hawaii Dock Strike; the 442nd: Duty, Honor, and Loyalty". Hawaiian Journal of History. 35. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 45. hdl:10524/540.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 307: The American Experience" Hawaii's Last Queen (TV Episode 1997) at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 309: Conquest of Hawaii (TV Movie 2003) at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 311: Twigg-Smith, Thurston (1998). Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter? (No). Honolulu: Goodale Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9662945-0-7. OCLC 39090004.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 313: Twombly, Alexander Stevenson (1900). Hawaii and Its People: The Land of Rainbow and Palm. New York: Silver, Burdett and Company. ASIN B00AVJ4Y7A. OCLC 16331055.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 315: Van Dyke, Jon M. (2008). Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawaiʻi? (The Americans.) Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6560-3. OCLC 257449971. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016 – via Project MUSE.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 319: Hawaii Legislature (1892). Laws of Her Majesty Liliuokalani, Queen of the Hawaiian Islands: Passed by the Legislative Assembly at Its Session, 1892. Honolulu: Robert Grieve. OCLC 156231006.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 325: Loomis, Albertine (1976). An Informal History of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy in 1893 and the Ill-Fated Counterrevolution It Evoked. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii and Friends of the Library of Hawaii. ISBN 978-0-8248-0416-9. OCLC 2213370.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 327: Office of Hawaiian Affairs (1994). ʻOnipaʻa: Five Days in the History of the Hawaiian Nation: Centennial Observance of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy. Honolulu: Office of Hawaiian Affairs. ISBN 978-1-56647-051-3. OCLC 31887388.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 329: Peterson, Barbara Bennett (1984). "Liliuokalani". Notable Women of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 240–244. ISBN 978-0-8248-0820-4. OCLC 11030010.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 341: The closest major city is San Francisco, California, at 2,397 miles (3,858 km). Some islands off the Mexican coast and part of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska are slightly closer to Honolulu than "the mainland." Originally I had said that the closest point on the North American mainland to Hawaii was near Flumeville, California. However, I was wrong! As it turns out, the southernmost tip of the Alaska Peninsula is actually about 12 miles (20 km) closer.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 347: Who was Farrington in Hawaii?
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 349: A Hawaii newspaperman born in Oromo, Maine 1871. In 1915, Farrington organized the Honolulu Ad Club. One of his invited guest speakers was Warren Harding, a Republican Senator from Ohio. Farrington introduced Harding as "the future president of the United States." Harding replied that if Farrington´s prediction came true, he would name Farrington governor of the Territory of Hawaii. Three months after taking office as U.S. President in 1921, Harding fulfilled his promise, appointing Farrington as the Territorial Governor of Hawaiʻi. His tenure was controversial, as he followed the previous Governor in favouring the Whites.
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 361: Kalili was the choir director at his ward (congregation) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon) in Laie up until the 1970s. The term “shaka” is not a Hawaiian word. It’s attributed to David “Lippy” Espinda, a used car pitchman who ended his TV commercials in the 1960s with the gesture and an enthusiastic “Shaka, brah!”
xxx/ellauri394.html on line 433: Harvat mysteerikirjoittajat hyödyntävät Havaijin menneisyyden epämiellyttäviä asioita, kuten haolet (valkoiset ihmiset), jotka tuovat sairauksia, pyyhkivät pois suurimman osan Havaijin alkuperäiskansoista ja sitten kukistavat Havaijin kuningaskunnan vuonna 1893. Sitä varten on olemassa historian sijaisopettaja James Michener, jonka Hawaii (1959), 937-sivuinen peräaukko, on myynyt enemmän kuin kaikki muut Havaijin kirjat yhteensä. Se on kirja, jonka turistit ostavat. Ja turisteja riittää. Ennen COVIDia Havaijilla oli 10,4 miljoonaa kävijää vuodessa. Perinne alkoi Earl Derr Biggersin (1884-1933) Charlie Chan -kirjasta. Ellery Queen ylisti Biggersin Charlie Chania "palveluksena ihmiskunnalle ja rotujen välisille suhteille".
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