ellauri095.html on line 246: In 1874 Hopkins returned to Manresa House to teach classics. While studying in the Jesuit house of theological studies, St Beuno´s College, near St Asap in North Wales, he was asked by his religious superior to write a poem to commemorate the foundering of a German ship in a storm. So in 1875 he took up poetry once more to write a lengthy piece, "The Wreck of the Deutschland", inspired by the Deutschland incident, a maritime disaster in which 157 people died, including five Franciscan nuns who had been leaving Germany due to harsh anti-Catholic laws (see Kulturkampf). The work displays both the religious concerns and some of the unusual metre and rhythms of his subsequent poetry not present in his few remaining early works. It not only depicts the dramatic events and heroic deeds, but tells of him reconciling the terrible events with God´s higher purpose. The poem was accepted but not printed by a Jesuit publication. This rejection fed his ambivalence about his poetry, most of which remained unpublished until after his death.
ellauri095.html on line 508: This potential for a new sacramental poetry was first realized by Hopkins in The Wreck of the Deutschland. Hopkins recalled that when he read about the wreck of the German ship Deutschland off the coast of England it “made a deep impression on me, more than any other wreck or accident I ever read of,” a statement made all the more impressive when we consider the number of shipwrecks he must have discussed with his father. Hopkins wrote about this particular disaster at the suggestion of Fr. James Jones, Rector of St. Beuno’s College, where Hopkins studied theology from 1874 to 1877. Hopkins recalled that “What I had written I burnt before I became a Jesuit and resolved to write no more, as not belonging to my profession, unless it were by the wish of my superiors; so for seven years I wrote nothing but two or three little presentation pieces which occasion called for [presumably ‘Rosa Mystica’ and ‘Ad Mariam’]. But when in the winter of ’75 the Deutschland was wrecked in the mouth of the Thames and five Franciscan nuns, exiles from Germany by the Falck Laws, aboard of her were drowned I was affected by the account and happening to say so to my rector he said that he wished someone would write a poem on the subject. On this hint I set to work and, though my hand was out at first, produced one. I had long had haunting my ear the echo of a new rhythm which now I realized on paper.”
ellauri095.html on line 578: The loss of any emigrant ship had a strong international dimension and was accordingly extensively reported in English in both the ´Times´ of London and the ´New York Times´, for there was a sad irony in the deaths of passengers who had taken ship in search of a better life. Five Franciscan nuns from Salzkotten (now in Nordrhein-Westfalen, western Germany), named Barbara Hultenschmidt, Henrika Fassbender, Norbeta Reinkobe, Aurea Badziura and Brigitta Damhorst, died in the wreck. They were fleeing religious oppression at home as a result of anti-Catholic laws enacted as part of Otto von Bismarck´s ´Kulturkampf´ ("culture struggle") aimed at building centralised and unified German state resisting outside influences. One reader moved by the story in the London press was the Jesuit poet, Gerard Manley Hopkins, who wrote a moving and highly romanticised poem based on the incident, ´The Wreck of the Deutschland´. As Hopkins put it: ´Rhine refused them: Thames would ruin them´.
ellauri194.html on line 271: The Flemish Franciscan friar William of Rubruck, who was first-hand witness to Alexander's supposed wall in Derbent on the shores of the Caspian Sea in 1254, identified the people the walls were meant to fend off only vaguely as "wild tribes" or "desert nomads", but one researcher made the inference Rubruck must have meant Jews, and that he was speaking in the context of "Gog and Magog". Confined Jews were later to be referred to as "Red Jews" (die roten Juden) in German-speaking areas; a term first used in a Holy Grail epic dating to the 1270s, in which Gog and Magog were two mountains enclosing these people.
xxx/ellauri068.html on line 336: According to the Malleus Maleficarum, exorcism is one of the five ways to overcome the attacks of incubi, the others being Sacramental Confession, the Sign of the Cross (or recital of the Angelic Salutation), moving the afflicted to another location, and by excommunication of the attacking entity, "which is perhaps the same as exorcism". On the other hand, the Franciscan friar Ludovico Maria Sinistrari stated that incubi "do not obey exorcists, have no dread of exorcisms, show no reverence for holy things, at the approach of which they are not in the least overawed".
xxx/ellauri122.html on line 897: Set in 1327, the book tells the story of Franciscans in a wealthy Italian abbey who become suspects of heresy and of Brother William of Baskerville, who
xxx/ellauri165.html on line 533: Giovanni Francesco di Bernardone, "Jumalan pieni köyhä", ("Poverello", taiteilijanimeltään Franciscus Assisilainen) (1181 tai 1182 – 3. lokakuuta 1226) oli italialainen munkki, diakoni ja saarnaaja. Hän perusti fransiskaanisen veljeskunnan. Franciscusta kunnioitetaan katolisuudessa, vanhakatolisuudessa, anglikaanisuudessa ja luterilaisuudessa. Paavi Gregorius IX julisti hänet pyhimykseksi 16. heinäkuuta 1228. Franciscus Assisilaisen pyhimyskalenterin mukainen muistopäivä on 4. lokakuuta, joka on myöhemmin hänen vuokseen otettu myös kansainväliseksi eläinten päiväksi. Hän on eläinten, ympäristön, eläintarhojen, tulen, perheiden, yksin kuolemisen, kauppiaiden, rauhan, Italian, Assisin, New Mexicon ja Kansasin suojeluspyhimys. Pyhimyksen symboleita ovat muun muassa linnut ja eläimet, stigmata, piikkikruunu, kalat, pääkallo, susi ja tuli. Franciscusta pidetään yhtenä stigmaatikoista ja ennen hänen stigmataansa juhlistettiin erikseen 17. syyskuuta. Pyhimyksen mukaan on myös nimetty basilika tämän kotikaupungissa Assisissa eli Pyhän Fransiskuksen basilika (italiaksi Basilica di San Francesco d´Assisi). Pyhän Franciscuksen mukaan on perustettu useita katolisia sääntökuntia: Congregatio Fratrum Adunationis Tertii Regularis Ordinis Sancti Francisci (S.A), Congregatio Fratrum Franciscanorum Immaculatae (F.I.), Ordo Fratrum Minorum (O.F.M.), Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum (O.F.M. Cap.) ja Ordo Fratrum Minorum Conventualium (O.F.M. Conv.). Hänen nimeään kantaa myös argentiinalainen 13. maaliskuuta 2013 valittu paavi Benedictus XVI:n vasemmistolainen seuraaja 266. paavi Franciscus.
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