ellauri033.html on line 1119: Villiers était « un inquiétant mythomane. Il revendiqua le trône de Grèce, poursuivit des critiques pour diffamation, se prétendit Prince du Saint-Empire Romain, unique héritier du grand maître de Rhodes fondateur de l´ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, Grand d´Espagne depuis Charles Quint, 22 fois comte ».
ellauri049.html on line 1017: Tematiikka on 1-1 Amerikan ulkopolitiikka pahan Empiren eli Saxan/Njeuvostoliiton kukistuttua. Pahan vallan alla olleet pikkuplaneetat on nyt pika pikaa saatettava republiikin hännän alle, sillä izenäisyyttä tavoittelevat valtiot voi joutua taas jonkun uuden pahan alaisuuteen ellei niitä saada heti meikäläisen pahan valtaan. Just protecting our vital interests against rogue states. Suojelemme maamme elintärkeitä etuja roistovaltioissa, kuten meidän öljyä.
ellauri063.html on line 227: Lancea et Clavus Domini: The Holy Lance, also known as The Spear of Destiny. Oldest part of the Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire and allegedly the spear that pierced the side of Christ on the Cross, with one of the Nails set into it. Hitler was particularly interested in this relic. Other Theories Are Available. Now in the Kaiserliche Schatzkammer of the Hofburg, Vienna.
ellauri065.html on line 568: 29.10.2009 deus vult: (Latin: 'God wills it') is a Latin Catholic motto associated with the Crusades. It was first chanted during the First Crusade in 1096 as a rallying cry, most likely under the form Deus le volt or Deus lo vult, as reported by the Gesta Francorum (ca. 1100) and the Historia Belli Sacri (ca. 1130).. In modern times, the motto has different meanings depending on the context. The First Crusade was initiated in 1095 when Pope Urban II called on warriors to help the Byzantine Empire retake Anatolia form the Seljuq Turks.
ellauri066.html on line 574: 3.5 Japanese Empire
ellauri066.html on line 581: 4 British Empire (pre-1945)
ellauri080.html on line 751: 1919 was a turning point for Gandhi; the government passed a new law which said those accused of sedition could be imprisoned without trial, also the Amritsar Massacre where 400 protesting Indians were killed. It was in 1919 that Gandhi turned against acquiescence to the British Empire and he began to lead non-violent protests.
ellauri080.html on line 755: “With this I’m shaking the foundations of the British Empire.” – Gandhi – after holding up a cup of pee.
ellauri093.html on line 130: The conversion and example of the seven was one of the grand gestures of 19th-century missions, making them religious celebrities; as a result, their story was published as "The Evangelisation of the World" and was distributed to every YMCA and YWCA throughout the British Empire and the United States.
ellauri094.html on line 205: The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile is the period in Jewish history during which a number of people from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylon, the capital of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
ellauri094.html on line 225: As part of the Persian Empire, the former Kingdom of Judah became the province of Judah (Yehud Medinata) with different borders, covering a smaller territory. The population of the province was greatly reduced from that of the kingdom, archaeological surveys showing a population of around 30,000 people in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE.
ellauri094.html on line 758: And the stark evil of the atheist Communists becomes even more stark when considering the fact that Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan were fighting for what most wars are fought for: Wealth and Empire. Which is A-OK. The Israeli did the same with the help of Jehovah. The atheist regimes slaughtered their own people simply to impose their will upon their less powerful compatriots. Which the Christians never do. Well, not nearly as many got killed anyway. I guess. Haven't really toted up all the Christian wars. The colonial ones too, and the U.S. neocolonial ones like Korea and Vietnam, or the Desert Storm. Should one use the absolute body count or percentages? Ethics is not an exact science after all. It's more like economics.
ellauri101.html on line 511: Rotwelsch was formerly common among travelling craftspeople and vagrants. The language is built on a strong substratum of German, but contains numerous words from other languages, notably from various German dialects, including Yiddish, as well as from Romany languages, notably Sintitikes. There are also significant influences from Judæo-Latin, the ancient Jewish language spoken in the Roman Empire. Rotwelsch has also played a great role in the development of the Yeniche language. In form and development it closely parallels the commercial speech ("shopkeeper language") of German-speaking regions. During the 19th and 20th century, Rotwelsch was the object of linguistic repression, with systematic investigation by the German police. Fucking Nazis! Examples:
ellauri106.html on line 124: He graduated from Newark´s Weequahic High School in or around 1950. In 1969 Arnold H. Lubasch wrote in The New York Times, "It has provided the focus for the fiction of Philip Roth, the novelist who evokes his era at Weequahic High School in the highly acclaimed Portnoy´s Complaint. Besides identifying Weequahic High School by name, the novel specifies such sites as the Empire Burlesque, the Weequahic Diner, the Newark Museum and Irvington Park, all local landmarks that helped shape the youth of the real Roth and the fictional Portnoy, both graduates of Weequahic class of ´50." The 1950 Weequahic Yearbook calls Roth a "boy of real intelligence, combined with wit and common sense." He was known as a clown during high school.
ellauri108.html on line 115: Rastafari teaches that the black African diaspora are exiles living in "Babylon", a term which it applies to Western society. For Rastas, European colonialism and global capitalism are regarded as manifestations of Babylon, while police and soldiers are viewed as its agents. The term "Babylon" is adopted because of its Biblical associations. In the Old Testament, Babylon is the Mesopotamian city where the Israelites were held captive, exiled from their homeland, between 597 and 586 BCE; Rastas compare the exile of the Israelites in Mesopotamia to the exile of the African diaspora outside Africa. In the New Testament, "Babylon" is used as a euphemism for the Roman Empire, which was regarded as acting in a destructive manner that was akin to the way in which the ancient Babylonians acted. Rastas perceive the exile of the black African diaspora in Babylon as an experience of great suffering, with the term "suffering" having a significant place in Rasta discourse.
ellauri108.html on line 467: Rastafari teaches that the black African diaspora are exiles living in "Babylon", a term which it applies to Western society. For Rastas, European colonialism and global capitalism are regarded as manifestations of Babylon, while police and soldiers are viewed as its agents.The term "Babylon" is adopted because of its Biblical associations. In the Old Testament, Babylon is the Mesopotamian city where the Israelites were held captive, exiled from their homeland, between 597 and 586 BCE; Rastas compare the exile of the Israelites in Mesopotamia to the exile of the African diaspora outside Africa. In the New Testament, "Babylon" is used as a euphemism for the Roman Empire, which was regarded as acting in a destructive manner that was akin to the way in which the ancient Babylonians acted. Rastas perceive the exile of the black African diaspora in Babylon as an experience of great suffering, with the term "suffering" having a significant place in Rasta discourse.
ellauri119.html on line 601: Born 2 Feb 1905 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
ellauri119.html on line 615: Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum was born 2 February 1905 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire to Zinovy Zakharovich "Fronz" Rosenbaum and Anna Borisovna nee Kaplan, one of three daughters in the Jewish household. Her father, Fronz, was a pharmacist.
ellauri135.html on line 571: Richter was born in Zhytomyr, Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire (modern-day Ukraine), a native town of his parents. His father, Teofil Danilovich Richter [de] (1872–1941), was a pianist, organist and composer born to German expatriates; from 1893 to 1900 he studied in the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. His mother, Anna Pavlovna Richter (née Moskaleva; 1893–1963), came from a noble Russian landowning family, and at one point she moaned under her future husband.
ellauri142.html on line 49: Count Pyotr "Markku" Kirillovich Bezukhov (/bɛ.zjuːˈkɒv/; Russian: Пьер Безу́хов, Пётр Кири́ллович Безу́хов) is a central fictional character and the main protagonist of Leo Tolstoy's 1869 novel War and Peace. He is the favourite out of several illegitimate sons of the wealthy nobleman Count Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov, one of the richest people in the Russian Empire. Markku is best friends with Andrei Bollocksky. Tolstoy based Markku on himself more than any other War and Peace character.
ellauri146.html on line 69: Ottavio Piccolomini, 1st Duke of Amalfi (11 November 1599 – 11 August 1656) was an Italian nobleman whose military career included service as a Spanish general and then as a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire. Pisti hönöön ruozalaisille 30-vuotisessa sodassa.
ellauri150.html on line 602: We start with the filmmaker's take on the birth of Christ. We see, after a bit of Roman Empire background, Joseph and Mary arrive at the census point; we see the Star of Bethlehem shine, the shepherds see it, the wise men see it; we see the Star of Bethlehem shine down; we see the filmmaker's vision of a nativity scene. Finally, we see the Star of Bethlehem dim back down, as somebody blows a shofar horn. It's very tastefully done, but still effective.
ellauri155.html on line 659: Schmitt was born in Plettenberg, Westphalia, German Empire. His parents were Roman Catholics from the German Eifel region who had settled in Plettenberg. His father was a minor businessman. He studied law at Berlin, Munich and Strasbourg and took his graduation and state examinations in then-German Strasbourg during 1915. His 1910 doctoral thesis was titled Über Schuld und Schuldarten (On Guilt and Types of Guilt). A chapter on nazi guilt for holocaust has been added poshumously.
ellauri159.html on line 565: There is no single document about the knightly code that lists all the virtues like this. It’s a modern interpretation of several documents that outline some kind of behavioral code for knights. Between 1170 and 1220 there were several documents outlining a code of conduct for knights but there wasn’t a decision made to use a single one. The overarching idea of these virtues was “chivalry”. Chivalry originated in the Holy Roman Empire from the idealization of the cavalryman. Military bravery, individual training, and service to others—especially in Francia, among horse soldiers in Charlemagne’s cavalry.
ellauri159.html on line 844: Monster11V-KILL!poikienEmpire strikes back
ellauri161.html on line 414: Je suis l'Empire à la fin de la décadence, Olen valtakunta rappionsa lopussa,
ellauri164.html on line 195: Berkeleyn runosta "On the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America" otti David Foster Wallace nimen pienoisromaanilleen Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way. Runosta on saanut herätteensä myös Yhdysvaltain kongressitalon seinällä oleva Emanuel Gottlieb Leutzen muraali.
ellauri164.html on line 218: Tämä tutkimus tutkii yhden runosarjan poikkeuksellista puoliintumisaikaa: "Westward the Course of Empire vie tiensä...". Alkaen irlantilais-anglikaanisen piispan George Berkeleyn vuonna 1726 tekemästä sävellyksestä, nämä sanat kolonisoivat valtavan osan kulttuurimaisemaa lähes kahden vuosisadan ajan. Sanomalehtipaperiin, laitureihin, valtiomiesten puheisiin, lukuaiheisiin, maantieteellisiin tietoihin, Yhdysvaltojen ensimmäiseen tieteelliseen historiaan sekä runouteen, maalauksiin, litografioihin ja valokuviin ikuistetut sanat kehittyivät vanhan maailman visiosta profeetallisista valtakunnista ilmeisen kohtalon nationalistinen iskulause. Seuraten runoa sen kiertyessä kirjallisen ja visuaalisen kulttuurin läpi, tämä projekti osoittaa, kuinka yksinkertainen lause totutti amerikkalaiset laajaan käsitykseen Yhdysvaltojen valtakunnasta siirtomaa-ajalta jälleenrakennukseen. Jatkuva varmuus valtakunnan etenemisestä länteen, itse asiassa itse imperiumin väistämättömyydestä, osoittaa kolonistien brittiläisen kulttuuriperinnön kestävän elinvoiman Amerikan vallankumouksen aattona. Yhtä tärkeitä ovat tavat, joilla amerikkalaiset muokkasivat runon ideologiaa sopimaan heidän kehittyvään kansallismielisyyteensä varhaisen tasavallan ja antebellum-aikakauden aikana. Berkeleyn sanat tarjosivat kriittisen paikan kansallismielisille tutkimuksille uuden tasavallan alkuvuosikymmeninä, mikä helpotti kansakunnan muuttumista kapitalistiseksi, hankkivaksi yhteiskunnaksi; 1800-luvun puolivälin konflikteissa he oikeuttivat amerikkalaisen sotavoimaisen imperialismin Meksikon ja Yhdysvaltojen välisessä sodassa, samalla kun he antoivat syvällistä tietoa sisällissodan alkamisesta ja sen välittömistä seurauksista, kun kansa paini Amerikan tulevaisuuden ääriviivoja vastaan. Tämä ideologia on kahden vuosisadan ajan mahdollistanut amerikkalaisten olevan sekä vakuuttuneita evankelistoja demokraattis-tasavaltalaisen hallitusmuotonsa poikkeuksellisesta luonteesta että samalla hengityksen kera omahyväisiä keisarillisen etuoikeutensa puolustajia ensin Pohjois-Amerikan mantereella ja sen alueella. alkuperäiskansojen ja lopulta maailmanlaajuisen siirtomaavaltakunnan yli. "Westward Empire" paljastaa tavat, joilla Berkeleyn runo muokkasi tätä ainutlaatuista ideologiaa, sekä tavat, joilla amerikkalaiset mukauttivat Berkeleyn runon ainutlaatuisiin olosuhteisiinsa, ja tavat, joilla tämä kehittyvä ja monikerroksinen tulkinta puolestaan muokkasi amerikkalaista ajattelua ja käyttäytymistä vuoden 1752 välillä. ja 1876. tämän ideologian ansiosta amerikkalaiset ovat voineet olla sekä vakuuttuneita evankelistoja demokraattis-tasavaltalaisen hallitusmuotonsa poikkeuksellisesta luonteesta että samalla hengityksen kera, omahyväisiä puolustajia keisarilliseen etuoikeutensa ensin Pohjois-Amerikan mantereella ja sen alkuperäisasukkailla, ja lopulta maailmanlaajuisen siirtomaavaltakunnan yli. "Westward Empire" paljastaa tavat, joilla Berkeleyn runo muokkasi tätä ainutlaatuista ideologiaa, sekä tavat, joilla amerikkalaiset mukauttivat Berkeleyn runon ainutlaatuisiin olosuhteisiinsa, ja tavat, joilla tämä kehittyvä ja monikerroksinen tulkinta puolestaan muokkasi amerikkalaista ajattelua ja käyttäytymistä vuoden 1752 välillä. ja 1876. tämän ideologian ansiosta amerikkalaiset ovat voineet olla sekä vakuuttuneita evankelistoja demokraattis-tasavaltalaisen hallitusmuotonsa poikkeuksellisesta luonteesta että samalla hengityksen kera, omahyväisiä puolustajia keisarilliseen etuoikeutensa ensin Pohjois-Amerikan mantereella ja sen alkuperäisasukkailla, ja lopulta maailmanlaajuisen siirtomaavaltakunnan yli. "Westward Empire" paljastaa tavat, joilla Berkeleyn runo muokkasi tätä ainutlaatuista ideologiaa, sekä tavat, joilla amerikkalaiset mukauttivat Berkeleyn runon ainutlaatuisiin olosuhteisiinsa, ja tavat, joilla tämä kehittyvä ja monikerroksinen tulkinta puolestaan muokkasi amerikkalaista ajattelua ja käyttäytymistä vuoden 1752 välillä. ja 1876. ensin Pohjois-Amerikan mantereen ja sen alkuperäiskansojen yli ja lopulta maailmanlaajuisen siirtomaavaltakunnan yli.
ellauri164.html on line 220: "Westward Empire" paljastaa tavat, joilla Berkeleyn runo muokkasi tätä ainutlaatuista ideologiaa, sekä tavat, joilla amerikkalaiset mukauttivat Berkeleyn runon ainutlaatuisiin olosuhteisiinsa, ja tavat, joilla tämä kehittyvä ja monikerroksinen tulkinta puolestaan muokkasi amerikkalaista ajattelua ja käyttäytymistä vuoden 1752 välillä. ja 1876. ensin Pohjois-Amerikan mantereen ja sen alkuperäiskansojen yli ja lopulta maailmanlaajuisen siirtomaavaltakunnan yli. "Westward Empire" paljastaa tavat, joilla Berkeleyn runo muokkasi tätä ainutlaatuista ideologiaa, sekä tavat, joilla amerikkalaiset mukauttivat Berkeleyn runon ainutlaatuisiin olosuhteisiinsa, ja tavat, joilla tämä kehittyvä ja monikerroksinen tulkinta puolestaan muokkasi amerikkalaista ajattelua ja käyttäytymistä vuoden 1752 välillä. ja 1876.
ellauri171.html on line 424: The problem was made worse by the fact that the Israelites occupied border territory. If there was an invasion, they might defect to the enemy. This could mean the collapse of the Egyptian Empire. Just like the Ukrainians. So off with them. Wait! Pharaoh did not want to eject them from Egypt – they were too valuable as workers. So he sought to control their numbers by forced labour and by child slaughter. Hmm. Mitähän opetuxia tästäkin tarinasta voisi ottaa?
ellauri171.html on line 924: The palace economy of Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean region and Anatolia that characterized the Late Bronze Age disintegrated, transforming into the small isolated village cultures of the Greek Dark Ages, which lasted from around 1100 BCE to the beginning of the Archaic age around 750 BCE. The Hittite Empire of Anatolia and the Levant collapsed, while states such as the Middle Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia and the New Kingdom of Egypt survived but were considerably weakened. Conversely, some peoples such as the Phoenicians enjoyed increased autonomy and power with the waning military presence of Egypt and Assyria in the Levant.
ellauri183.html on line 632: Varuxen kukistamasta juutalaisten kapinasta Jee-suxen lapsuudessa ei ollut koulussa paljon puhetta. Juutalaisilla on siitä vaikka kuinka paljon turinaa. About a tenth of the Empire’s population was Jewish, ne väittävät, kuka tollasta nyt uskoo. Oliko Rooma joku Amerikka muka?
ellauri184.html on line 269: There were important defeats along the way but it is interesting to observe that commanders often escaped repercussions for their militawy incompetence and it was usually the soldiers who bore the blame for defeat. Though a legionawy could theoretically come from any province within the Empire, the requirement of Woman citizenship had consequences for demographics: legionawies were more likely to speak Latin than non-citizen soldiers, they were usually wecwuited from the most heavily Womanized cities and provinces, their citizenship held inherent prestige that afforded them privilege over both civilians and other soldiers, etc. Legions primarily garrisoned in major imperial provinces, such as Syria, Pannonia, and post-War Judaea. With the exception of Egypt, all provinces with at least one legion were required to have a governor with Senator status. Legions primarily consisted of infantry soldiers, with a few cavalry or archers present among their ranks. Roughly 30 legions were active at any given time within the Empire and each consisted of approximately 5400 soldiers and officers, a standing army of ca. 150-300K total, though not all with a weceived Latin pwonunciation.
ellauri184.html on line 273: Roughly equal in number to the legionawy soldiers across the Empire were auxiliaries. Auxiliaries, like legionawies, served the government of Wome, but were divided into two distinct militawy types: cohorts and alae – infantry and cavalry, respectively – with a few mixed units termed cohors equitatae as well. Auxiliary soldiers were mostly non-citizens who were awarded Woman citizenship in exchange for militawy service. Consequently, auxiliary soldiers were significantly less Womanized than legionawies: auxiliary soldiers in the Woman East spoke the lingua franca of Greek and often local languages as well (e.g., Aramaic), typically with limited competence in Latin.
ellauri184.html on line 277: There were also royal forces that did not directly serve Wome, but were under the authority of a client king. The periphery of the Woman Empire was peppered with kingdoms allied with Wome that maintained their own militawies independent of the Empire proper (e.g., Herod the Great’s Judaea, Antipas’ Galilee, Cleopatra’s Egypt). These armies differed from kingdom to kingdom with respect to their hierarchies, pay scale, wecwuitment strategies, and so on. Wome occasionally expected kings to contribute soldiers to militawy campaigns as part of their reciprocal loyalty. Because kings could not offer their veterans Woman citizenship, the matter was irrelevant. With little invested in Womanness, royal soldiers spoke the local lingua franca and rarely had knowledge of Latin or other aspects of Woman culture.
ellauri184.html on line 524: In 167 BCE Judea was part of the Seleucid Empire. Its ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175–165 BCE), smarting from a defeat in a war against Ptolemaic Egypt, banned traditional Jewish religious practices, and attempted to forcibly let the Jews accept Hellenistic culture. Throughout the country Jews were ordered, with the threat of execution, to sacrifice pigs to Greek gods (the normal practice in the Ancient Greek religion), desecrate the Shabbat, eat unkosher animals (especially pork), and relinquish their Jewish scriptures. Antiochus´ decree also outlawed Jewish circumcision, and parents who violated his order were hanged along with their infants.[1Mac 1:46-67] According to Tacitus, as quoted by Hodges, Antiochus "endeavoured to abolish Jewish superstition and to introduce Greek civilization."
ellauri184.html on line 528: Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman culture found circumcision to be cruel and repulsive. In the Roman Empire, circumcision was regarded as a barbaric and disgusting custom. The consul Titus Flavius Clemens was condemned to death by the Roman Senate in 95 CE for, according to the Talmud, circumcising himself and converting to Judaism. The Emperor Hadrian (117–138) forbade circumcision. Overall, the rite of circumcision was especially execrable in Classical civilization, also because it was the custom to spend an hour a day or so exercising nude in the gymnasium and in Roman baths, therefore Jewish men did not want to be seen in public deprived of their foreskins.
ellauri184.html on line 534: The Apostle Paul referred to these practices in his letters, saying: "Was a man already circumcised when he was called? He should not become uncircumcised."[1Cor 7:18] But he also explicitly denounced the forcing of circumcision upon non-Jews, rejecting and condemning those Judaizers who stipulated the ritual to Gentile Christians, labelling such advocates as "false brothers"[Gal 2:4] (see below). In the mid-2nd century Rabbinical Jewish leaders, due to increasing cases of foreskin restorations in Roman Empire, introduced a radical method of circumcision, the periah, that left the glans totally uncovered and sew the remaining skin. The new method became immediately the only valid circumcision procedure, to ensure that a born Jew will remain circumcised and avoiding risk of restoring the foreskin. Operations became mostly irreversible.
ellauri184.html on line 651: To the average inhabitant of the Roman Empire, the manifold itinerant groups of magicians, sophists, cynics, other philosophers, astrologers, prophets, and eventually also Christians, must have appeared basically the same. These oscillating and enigmatic figures were simultaneously admired and despised for their "otherness". Why was Jesus able to appear as a radical itinerant preacher? He did not call for a political upheaval. Nevertheless, his messianic “program” was radical in its postulation of a proximity to God that had hitherto been unheard of and was based on the deliberate breaking of taboos and social conventions.
ellauri190.html on line 44:
ellauri190.html on line 103: Many eventually settled to the west of the Black Sea, influencing the politics of Kievan Rus', the Galicia–Volhynia Principality, the Golden Horde Khanate, the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Kingdom of Serbia, the Kingdom of Hungary, Moldavia, the Kingdom of Georgia, the Byzantine Empire, the Empire of Nicaea, the Latin Empire and Wallachia, with Cuman immigrants becoming integrated into each country's elite. The Cumans also played a prominent role in the Fourth Crusade and in the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. Cuman and Kipchak tribes joined politically to create the Cuman–Kipchak confederation.
ellauri190.html on line 212: The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people group originating in the steppes of Eastern Europe. They were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, such as the Russian Empire or the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. The Cossacks were particularly noted for holding democratic traditions (not republican).
ellauri190.html on line 222: The Zaporozhian Cossacks lived on the Pontic–Caspian steppe below the Dnieper Rapids (Ukrainian: za porohamy), also known as the Wild Fields. The group became well known, and its numbers increased greatly between the 15th and 17th centuries. The Zaporozhian Cossacks played an important role in European geopolitics, participating in a series of conflicts and alliances with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire.
ellauri190.html on line 224: The Zaporozhians gained a reputation for their raids against the Ottoman Empire and its vassals, although they also sometimes plundered other neighbors. Their actions increased tension along the southern border of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Low-level warfare (aka cold war) took place in those territories for most of the period of the Commonwealth (1569–1795).
ellauri190.html on line 279: By the end of the 17th century, the newly forming Russian Empire under Tzar Peter I established its reign over the Ukrainian lands to the east of the Dnipro river, ceding the western part of Ukraine to the Republic (which, in turn, evolved more and more into the Polish monarchy rather than the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the old days). In 1702, a great son of Ukraine, a giant of military strategy, diplomacy, and statesmanship, Ivan Mazepa, being the Kozak leader of the eastern part of Ukraine, suppressed the uprising of Paliy on the other (Western) side of the Dnipro and added huge parts of the country to his control. It was a big step toward the unification and freedom of Ukraine. Moreover, in 1709 Mazepa joined his forces with the Swedish king Charles XII (haha, the gay) against Tzar Peter, hoping to rid his dear mother Ukraine from slavery in the captivity of the Tzars. And again… tragically, Mazepa managed to gather less manpower than he hoped to gather, because the populist agitators slandered him in their massive propaganda campaign (no doubt, directed from Muscovy), portraying him in the eyes of the Ukrainian Kozaks as a rich aristocrat who cares nothing about the “simple people,” a clandestine Catholic (or Protestant), and overall “not really Ukrainian.” (This tragedy will repeat itself in 1918 and in 2019.) Mazepa’s loyalists were defeated together with the Swedes, and Ukraine lost her historical chance for yet another time. But third time is a charm! Nobody will blame a Jew for being on the side of the catholics!
ellauri190.html on line 303: Novorossiya (Russian: Новороссия, tr. Novorossija, IPA: [nəvɐˈrosːʲɪjə] (audio speaker iconlisten); Ukrainian: Новоросія, romanized: Novorosija; Romanian: Noua Rusie, Polish: Noworosja), literally New Russia, is a historical term of the Russian Empire denoting a region north of the Black Sea. In Ukraine the territory was better known as Stepovyna (Steppeland) or Nyz (Lower land). It was formed as a new imperial province of Russia (Novorossiya Governorate) in 1764 from military frontier regions along with parts of the southern Hetmanate in preparation for war with the Ottomans. Bessarabit kazoivat sivusta ja soittelivat Klezmeriä.
ellauri190.html on line 307: The region was part of the Russian Empire until its collapse following the Russian February Revolution in early March 1917, after which it became part of the short-lived Russian Republic. In 1918, it was largely included in the Ukrainian State and in the Ukrainian Soviet Republic at the same time. In 1918–1920, it was, to varying extents, under the control of the anti-Bolshevik White movement governments of South Russia whose defeat signified the Soviet control over the territory, which became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, within the Soviet Union from 1922.
ellauri190.html on line 317: After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, and with the amalgamation of Ukrainian territories into one administrative unit (Ukrainian People's Republic), the term started to recede from common use. Today, the term is anachronistic, and many nazi Ukrainians regard its usage as offensive.
ellauri190.html on line 339: 2300 BCEmpires
ellauri190.html on line 349: Cyrus II of Persia, commonly known as Cyrus the Great and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, e...
ellauri190.html on line 353: Darius I was the third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Also called Darius the Great, he ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia and Paeonia), most of the...
ellauri190.html on line 359: 356 BC - 323 BCEmpires
ellauri190.html on line 360: Alexander the Great, Macedonian Empire
ellauri190.html on line 363: 340 BC - 298 BCEmpires
ellauri190.html on line 364: Chandragupta, Founder Mauryan Empire
ellauri190.html on line 365: Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son Bindusara in 298 BC. Chandragupta Maur...
ellauri190.html on line 367: 304 BC - 232 BCEmpires
ellauri190.html on line 371: 259 BC - 210 BCEmpires
ellauri190.html on line 391: 100 BC - 44 BCEmpires
ellauri190.html on line 392: Julius Caesar, Rise of the Roman Empire
ellauri190.html on line 396: Empires
ellauri190.html on line 397: Ardashir I, The Unifier, Founder Sasanian Empire
ellauri190.html on line 398: Ardashir I or Ardeshir I, also known as Ardashir the Unifier, was the founder of the Sasanian Empire. He was the ruler of Estakhr since 206, subsequently Pars Province since 222, and finally "King of Kings of Sasanian Empire" in 224 with th...
ellauri190.html on line 403: Aurelian was the 44th Emperor of the Roman Empire from 270 to 275. Born in humble circumstances, he rose through the military ranks to become emperor. During his reign, he defeated the Alamanni after a devastating war. He also defeated the...
ellauri190.html on line 406: Empires
ellauri190.html on line 407: Zenobia, Queen Palmyrene Empire
ellauri190.html on line 408: Zenobia was a 3rd-century Queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria, who led a famous revolt against the Roman Empire. The second wife of King Septimius Odaenathus, Zenobia became queen of the Palmyrene Empire following Odaenathus' death in 26...
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ellauri190.html on line 413: Attila the Hun was the Emperor of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the River Danube to the Baltic Sea. During his rule, he was one of the mo...
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ellauri190.html on line 447: Alp Arslan, 2nd Sultan Seljuq Empire
ellauri190.html on line 448: Alp Arslan was the second Sultan of the Seljuq Empire and great-grandson of Seljuq, the eponymous founder of the dynasty. His real name was Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, and for his military prowess, personal valour, and fighting skills he ob...
ellauri190.html on line 468: Genghis Khan was the founder and Great Khan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After founding...
ellauri190.html on line 479: Kublai Khan was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Ikh Mongol Uls (Mongol Empire), reigning from 1260 to 1294, and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire. Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui and a grandson of G...
ellauri190.html on line 499: Timur meaning "iron" or Tamerlane in English, was a 14th-century conqueror of much of western and central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty (1370–1405) in Central Asia, and great great grandfather of Babur, the founder...
ellauri190.html on line 502: Empires
ellauri190.html on line 504: Mehmed II (1432-1481), nicknamed the conqueror, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire a short time in 1444 to 1446, and from 1451 to 1481. Mehmed II brought an end to the Byzantine Empire by capturing Constantinople in 1453 (during the well-...
ellauri190.html on line 519: Batumöngke Dayan Khan was a Borjigin Khagan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in Post-imperial Mongolia. Dayan Khan was enthroned as Great Khan of the Yuan Mongol Empire though his ancestor Toghan Temur failed to maintain...
ellauri190.html on line 523: Selim I, Sultan Ottoman Empire
ellauri190.html on line 524: Selim I, also known as "the Excellent," "the Brave" or the best translation "the Stern", Yavuz in Turkish, the long name is Yavuz Sultan Selim; was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. He was also the first Ottoman Sultan to...
ellauri190.html on line 528: Pizarro, Conqueror Inca Empire - 1531 AD
ellauri190.html on line 544: Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Cas...
ellauri190.html on line 549: Suleiman I, also called Süleyman I and nicknamed the Lawmaker or the Magnificent, was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 and successor to Selim I. He was born on November 6, 1494 at Trabzon, Turkey. The Ottoman Empire reache...
ellauri190.html on line 563: Empires
ellauri192.html on line 61: Jakobson was born in the Russian Empire on 11 October 1896 to a well-to-do family of Jewish descent, the industrialist Osip Jakobson and chemist Anna Volpert Jakobson. Under the pseudonym 'Aliagrov', he published books of zaum poetry and befriended the Futurists Vladimir Mayakovsky, Kazimir Malevich, Aleksei Kruchyonykh and others. It was the poetry of his contemporaries that partly inspired him to become a linguist.
ellauri192.html on line 857: Brooks was born on June 28, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York City, to Kate (née Brookman) and Max Kaminsky, and grew up in Williamsburg. His father's family were Jewish people from Gdańsk, Poland; his mother's family were Jews from Kyiv, in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). In 2021, Brooks published a memoir, All About Me!.During his teens, he legally changed his name to Mel Brooks, influenced by his mother´s maiden name Brookman, after being confused with trumpeter Max Kaminsky. "And I'm sure a lot of my comedy is based on anger and hostility. Growing up in Williamsburg, I learned to clothe it in comedy to spare myself problems—like a punch in the face."
ellauri194.html on line 250: Early Christian writers (e.g. Eusebius) frequently identified Gog and Magog with the Romans and their emperor. After the Empire became Christian, Ambrose (d. 397) identified Gog with the Goths, Jerome (d. 420) with the Scythians, and Jordanes (died c. 555) said that Goths, Scythians and Amazons were all the same; he also cited Alexander's gates in the Caucasus. The Byzantine writer Procopius said it was the Huns Alexander had locked out, and a Western monk named Fredegar seems to have Gog and Magog in mind in his description of savage hordes from beyond Alexander's gates who had assisted the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610–641) against the Muslim Saracens.
ellauri194.html on line 257: Europeans in Medieval China reported findings from their travels to the Mongol Empire. Some accounts and maps began to place the "Caspian Mountains", and Gog and Magog, just outside the Great Wall of China. The Tartar Relation, an obscure account of Friar Carpini's 1240s journey to Mongolia, is unique in alleging that these Caspian Mountains in Mongolia, "where the Jews called Gog and Magog by their fellow countrymen are said to have been shut in by Alexander", were moreover purported by the Tartars to be magnetic, causing all iron equipment and weapons to fly off toward the mountains on approach. In 1251, the French friar André de Longjumeau informed his king that the Mongols originated from a desert further east, and an apocalyptic Gog and Magog ("Got and Margoth") people dwelled further beyond, confined by the mountains. In the map of Sharif Idrisi, the land of Gog and Magog is drawn in the northeast corner (beyond Northeast Asia) and enclosed. Some medieval European world maps also show the location of the lands of Gog and Magog in the far northeast of Asia (and the northeast corner of the world).
ellauri203.html on line 302: In the novel, a new Mongol Empire conquers Poland and introduces Murti-Bing pills as a cure for independent thought. At first, the pills create contentment and blind obedience, but ultimately lead those taking them to develop dual personalities. Kaxoisolentoja taas! Miłosz compares the pills to the intellectually deadening effects of Marxism-Leninism in the USSR and the Soviet Bloc.
ellauri219.html on line 809: The soft power means that they aren’t necessarily going to hate you outright: Americans did not bomb Britain out of an Empire, they just took over their dominions, whatever they got up to in Vietnam or Iraq. But people know that you’re the obese gorilla, even if you constantly tell them that you are virtuous and noble. Which will make them all the more ready to pounce on you, when you inevitably fall short of your virtuous and noble rhetoric. That virtuous and noble rhetoric made the resentment inevitable.
ellauri222.html on line 854: The book Les Ruines, ou méditations sur les révolutions des empires (1791) by Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney (1757–1820), first published in an English translation as The Ruins, or a Survey of the Revolutions of Empires (London: Joseph Johnson, 1792) by James Marshall, was an influence on Shelley. helley had explored similar themes in his 1813 work Queen Mab. Typically, Shelley published his literary works either anonymously or pseudonymously, under the name "Glirastes", a Graeco-Latin name created by combining the Latin glīs ("dormouse") with the Greek suffix ἐραστής (erastēs, "lover", vitut se on mikään suffixi!); the Glirastes name referred to his wife, Mary Shelley, whom he nicknamed "dormouse". Unikeon köyrijä. Mäuschen, sanoi Percy Marylle niikö Pikin kreikkalainen poikaystävä, setämäinen Kleomenis.
ellauri243.html on line 721: Disraeli´s second term was dominated by the Easter Question—the slow decay of the Ottoman Empire and the desire of other European powers, such as Britain but also Russia, to gain at its expense.
ellauri245.html on line 622: In the 20th century Burundi had three main indigenous ethnic groups: Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa. The area was colonised by the German Empire in the late 1800s and administered as a portion of German East Africa. In Burundi and neighboring Rwanda to the north, the Germans maintained indirect rule, leaving local social structures intact. Under this system, the Tutsi minority generally enjoyed its historically high status as aristocrats, whereas the Hutus occupied the bottom of the social structure. Princely and monarchal rulers belonged to a unique ethnic group, Ganwa, though over time the political salience of this distinction declined and the category was subsumed by the Tutsi grouping. During World War I, Belgian troops from the Belgian Congo occupied Burundi and Rwanda. In 1919, under the auspices of the nascent League of Nations, Belgium was given the "responsibility" of administering "Ruanda-Urundi" as a mandated territory. Though obligated to promote social progress in the territory, the Belgians did not alter the local power structures. Following World War II, the United Nations was formed and Ruanda-Urundi became a trust territory under Belgian administration, which required the Belgians to politically "edducate the locals and make them really fit", to prepare them for independence.
ellauri249.html on line 409: Kyseenalaisia sankareita kaiken kaikkiaan, esimtää "bloody eye" Skobelev edellisessä Krimin sodassa. Skobelev returned to Turkestan after the war, and in 1880 and 1881 further distinguished himself by retrieving the disasters inflicted by the Tekke Turkomans: following the Siege of Geoktepe, it was stormed, the general captured the fort. Around 8,000 Turkmen soldiers and civilians, including women and children were slaughtered in a bloodbath in their flight, along with an additional 6,500 who died inside the fortress. The Russians massacre included all Turkmen males in the fortress who had not escaped, but they spared some 5,000 women and children and freed 600 Persian slaves. The defeat at Geok Tepe and the following slaughter broke the Turkmen resistance and decided the fate of Transcaspia, which was annexed to the Russian Empire. The great slaughter proved too much to stomach reducing the Akhal-Tekke country to submission. Skobelev was removed from his command because of the massacre. He was advancing on Ashkhabad and Kalat i-Nadiri when he was disavowed and recalled to Moscow. He was given the command at Minsk. The official reason for his transfer to Europe was to appease European public opinion over the slaughter at Geok Tepe. British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery assessed Skobelev as the world's "best single commander" between 1870 and 1914 and wrote of his "skilful and inspiring" leadership. Francis Vinton Greene also rated Skobelev highly.
ellauri254.html on line 391: In the month after Olga’s death from tuberculosis in June 1907, Sologub retired following twenty-five years as a teacher, and moved in Petersburg from the school-owned apartment to a private flat. The following year he married Anastasia Chebotarevskaya, a translator and author of children’s books who he had first met in the autumn of 1905. In the summer of 1909, Sologub and Chebotarevskaya holidayed in France. Though he had travelled to Finland with his sister in a final attempt to improve her condition, Finland was at the time part of the Russian Empire, so this trip to France was Sologub’s first proper visit abroad.
ellauri254.html on line 803: Lunz was born in Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire, into a middle-class Jewish family on May 2, 1901. His father, Natan Yakovlevich, an emigrant from Lithuania, was a pharmacist and seller of scientific instruments. His mother, Anna Efimovna, was an accomplished pianist. As a child, Lev was delicate but very lively; he contracted pneumonia and diphtheria, which may have weakened his heart.
ellauri256.html on line 336: Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born in 1893 in Baghdati, Kutais Governorate, Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire, to Alexandra Alexeyevna (née Pavlenko), a housewife, and Vladimir Mayakovsky, a local forester. His father belonged to a noble family and was a distant relative of the writer Grigory Danilevsky. Vladimir Vladimirovich had two sisters, Olga and Lyudmila, and a brother Konstantin, who died at the age of three. The family was of Russian and Zaporozhian Cossack descent on their father's side and Ukrainian on their mother's.
ellauri257.html on line 47: Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol (1 April [O.S. 20 March] 1809 – 4 March [O.S. 21 February] 1852) was a very short story writer and playwright of Ukrainian origin. Gogol was born in the Ukrainian Cossack town of Sorochyntsi, in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. His mother was descended from Leonty Kosyarovsky, an officer of the Lubny Regiment in 1710. His father was supposedly Vasily Gogol-Yanovsky, who died when Gogol was 15 years old, was descendant of Ukrainian Cossacks (see Lyzohub family) and belonged to the 'petty gentry'. His father wrote poetry in Ukrainian almost as well as in Russian, and was an amateur playwright in his brother's home theatre. As was typical of the left-bank Ukrainian gentry of the early nineteenth century, the family spoke Ukrainian nearly as well as Russian. As a child, Gogol helped stage plays in his uncle's home theatre.
ellauri257.html on line 514: Alma doesn’t explore the cultural differences that separated them. She was an upper-class German Jew born in Munich, whereas Singer was from Leoncin, a small Polish village northeast of Warsaw. In 1904, when Singer was born, Leoncin was part of the Russian Empire. In Alma’s milieu, Yiddish was a symbol of low caste. Her father had been a textile businessman and her grandfather had been a Handlerichter (LOL), a judge specializing in commercial cases. Although Wasserman, her first husband, was nowhere near as rich in America as he had been in Germany, he was certainly far wealthier than Singer, who was known as an impecunious journalist.
ellauri263.html on line 282: Tisha B'Av (Hebrew: תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב[a] Tīšʿā Bəʾāv; IPA: [tiʃʕa beˈʔav] (listen), lit. 'the ninth of Av') is an annual fast day in Judaism, on which a number of disasters in Jewish history occurred, primarily the destruction of both Solomon's Temple by the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Second Temple by the Roman Empire in Jerusalem.
ellauri263.html on line 449: Hebron is considered one of the oldest cities in the Levant. According to the Bible, Abraham settled in Hebron and bought the Cave of the Patriarchs as a burial place for his wife Sarah. Biblical tradition holds that the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, along with their wives Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah, were buried in the cave. Hebron is also recognized in the Bible as the place where David was anointed king of Israel. Following the Babylonian captivity, the Edomites settled in Hebron. During the first century BCE, Herod the Great built the wall which still surrounds the Cave of the Patriarchs, which later became a church, and then a mosque. With the exception of a brief Crusader control, successive Muslim dynasties ruled Hebron from the 6th century CE until the Ottoman Empire's dissolution following World War I, when the city became part of British Mandatory Palestine. A massacre in 1929 and the Arab uprising of 1936–39 led to the emigration of the Jewish community from Hebron. The 1948 Arab–Israeli War saw the entire West Bank, including Hebron, occupied and annexed by Jordan, and since the 1967 Six-Day War, the city has been under Israeli military occupation. Following Israeli occupation, Jewish presence was reestablished at the city. Since the 1997 Hebron Protocol, most of Hebron has been governed by the Palestinian National Authority.
ellauri278.html on line 192: A distant relative of Aleksandr Pushkin, Georgy Chicherin was born into an old noble family. He was born on the estate of his uncle, Boris Chicherin, in Karaul, Tambov. His father, Vasily N. Chicherin, was a diplomat employed by the Foreign Office of the Russian Empire.
ellauri278.html on line 206: Meir Henoch Wallach was born into a wealthy, Yiddish-speaking, Lithuanian Jewish banking family in Białystok, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire, which was formerly part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
ellauri278.html on line 252: Even to Litvinov, the German invasion of the Soviet Union was a surprise; he did not believe Hitler would risk embarking on a second front at this stage of the war. Churchill informed the world Hitler´s actions were not a surprise to him, and that a victory over the USSR by Hitler would be a catastrophe for the British Empire.
ellauri286.html on line 341: Putin’s Troll Empire. Elokuun puolivälissä kasassa oli noin 30 000 dollarin edestä
ellauri317.html on line 60: Bin Laden lainasi seuraavaa Blumin kohtaa: "Jos olisin presidentti, voisin pysäyttää terrori-iskut Yhdysvaltoihin muutamassa päivässä. Pysyvästi. Pyydän ensin anteeksi - hyvin julkisesti ja vilpittömästi - kaikilta leskiä ja orpoja, köyhiä ja kidutettuja ja monia miljoonia muita amerikkalaisen imperialismin uhreja. Sitten ilmoittaisin joka kolkkaan maailmaa, että Amerikan globaalit sotilaalliset interventiot ovat päättyneet." Lainaus on Blumin vuoden 2004 kirjasta Freeing the World to Death: Essays on the American Empire, mutta se esiintyy Rogue Staten Zed Books -painoksessa.
ellauri317.html on line 316: Tout le mond savait que l´intérêt délibéré pour la femme de Pouchkine n´était qu´un écran derrière lequel le Français cachait des détails secrets de sa vie personnelle. Le terrain fertile pour de telles rumeurs était la relation entre d´Anthès et l’émissaire du roi hollandais, le baron Louis Heeckeren, qui avait adopté le jeune homme après son arrivée dans l´Empire russe. Quoi qu’il en soit, d´Anthès avait trop fortement harcelé Natalia et dépassé toutes les limites.
ellauri322.html on line 432: England, the common name in Scandinavia for the United Kingdom, declared war on Denmark-Norway due to disagreements over the neutrality of Danish trade and to prevent the Danish fleet falling into the hands of the First French Empire. Tanskixet menetti Norjan ja svedut Suomen ja ottivat lohtunamixi tyhmät Bernadottet Napsulta.
ellauri333.html on line 121: One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world, Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire throughout the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta, and Pala dynasties. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. It was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata, Vātsyāyana and Chanakya. During the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) its population was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, and political and cultural centre of the Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. The British revived it again in the 17th century as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province.
ellauri334.html on line 305: Since the Greek Empire ruled the region well before the Roman Empire, even during the times of the Roman Empire in the Israel of two thousand years ago, Greek was still used as a common language and a trade language, in a way like English is in Africa.
ellauri341.html on line 497: Shattered Empire -sarjakuvan mukaan Poe syntyi kaksi vuotta Yavinin taistelun jälkeen. Hänen molemmat vanhempansa olivat Kapinaliiton jäseniä. Poen äiti oli A-siipilentäjänä toiminut luutnantti Shara Bey ja hänen isänsä kersantti Kes Dameron, joka kuului Endorin taistelussa Han Solon johtamaan iskuryhmään.
ellauri370.html on line 66: A) In 1880, there were 5 million Jews in the Russian Empire. They were the largest Jewish community in the world. (Lets include Ukraine and Belarus together with Czarist Russia).
ellauri375.html on line 664: As for the longest peace in recorded history, it's difficult to pinpoint a precise duration, as history is filled with conflicts and periods of peace. However, some scholars point to the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), a period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire that lasted for approximately 200 years, from around 27 BC to 180 AD.
ellauri375.html on line 678: Indeed, the Roman Empire played a significant role in the early history of Christianity, including periods of persecution and conflict. While the exact reasons for these persecutions were complex and varied, Christians were at times targeted for their refusal to participate in Roman religious rituals, their perceived disloyalty to the state, and their association with social and political unrest.
ellauri375.html on line 680: The Roman Empire's policy toward Christians fluctuated over time, with periods of relative tolerance and periods of intense persecution. Some notable events include:
ellauri375.html on line 688: Despite these persecutions, Christianity continued to spread throughout the Roman Empire, eventually becoming the dominant religion in the region.
ellauri375.html on line 690: The conflicts in the Holy Land, including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, have deep historical roots and are influenced by a multitude of factors, including religion, politics, and territorial disputes. While the Roman Empire's actions had an impact on the region, the complexities of the conflict cannot be attributed solely to events during the Pax Romana.
xxx/ellauri075.html on line 215: Klein was born in Libava, Russian Empire. He studied at Berlin and Marburg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1922. A student of Nicolai Hartmann, Martin Heidegger, and Edmund Husserl, he later taught at St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland from 1937 until his death. He served as dean from 1949 to 1958.
xxx/ellauri087.html on line 401: Vaster than Empires, and more slow. Isommaxi kuin valtakunnat ja hitaammin. rakkaudessa kasvaisin.
xxx/ellauri087.html on line 456: Further in the field of science fiction, Ursula K. Le Guin wrote a Hugo-nominated short story whose title, "Vaster than Empires and More Slow", is taken from the poem. Ian Watson notes the debt of this story to Marvell, "whose complex and allusive poems are of a later form of pastoral to that which I shall refer, and, like Marvell, Le Guin's nature references are, as I want to argue, "pastoral" in a much more fundamental and interesting way than this simplistic use of the term." There are other allusions to the poem in the field of Fantasy and Science Fiction: the first book of James Kahn's "New World Series" is titled "World Enough, and Time"; the third book of Joe Haldeman's "Worlds" trilogy is titled "Worlds Enough and Time"; and Peter S. Beagle's novel A Fine and Private Place about a love affair between two ghosts in a graveyard. The latter phrase has been widely used as a euphemism for the grave, and has formed the title of several mystery novels.
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 274: THAT WAS ONLY THE BEGINNING. But this did not fulfill Jeremiah’s prophecy, which wouldn’t even be given for at least another 50 years. Susa was rebuilt, only to be conquered again, this time by the Persian King Cyrus. It was rebuilt again and renovated by King Darius the Great to serve as the capital of the Persian Empire. Susa was mentioned in Daniel 8:2 as the location where the prophet received a vision recorded in Daniel 8 of the subsequent conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great. This prophecy was fulfilled two hundred years later when Susa surrendered without a battle to Alexander.
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 275: Daniel 8:2 identifies Susa as being in the province of Elam, indicating it was already a part of the Persian Empire at the time. From this brief history it appears that all but the last verse of Jeremiah’s prophecy was fulfilled in the Assyrian and Persian conquests. By the way, Daniel was buried in Susa and his tomb has been preserved to this day because he has always been highly revered among the Persian people.
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 295: We also need to remember that Bible prophecy only illuminates world history where Israel is concerned. Great Empires have come and gone during Israel’s absence without so much as a hint of their existence in the Bible. Even the United States, by any measure the most successful of them all, is missing from the prophetic record. You can’t tell me God didn’t know these empires were coming, so their absence has to mean that He sees them as irrelevant to Israel’s destiny. Don’t get me wrong, He has used them all to advance His plan for His people, and they were all blessed through their time of participation. But He didn’t find any of them worthy of mention because He didn’t actually need any of them to fulfil His plan.
xxx/ellauri114.html on line 672: As part of the Kingdom of Israel, the territories of Manasseh and Ephraim were conquered by the Assyrian Empire, and the tribe was exiled; the manner of their exile led to their further history being lost.
xxx/ellauri125.html on line 764: The next several years were marked by publicity surrounding Love's legal troubles and drug relapse, which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album. That project became Nobody's Daughter, released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup. Between 2014 and 2015, Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. In 2020, she confirmed she was writing new music.
xxx/ellauri128.html on line 125: Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield KG PC FRS (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or "Tory democracy". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the British Empire. He is the only British prime minister to have been of Jewish birth. He was also a novelist, publishing works of fiction even as prime minister.
xxx/ellauri128.html on line 128: He maintained a close friendship with Queen Victoria, who in 1876 elevated him to Earl of Beaconsfield. Disraeli´s second term was dominated by the Eastern Question—the slow decay of the Ottoman Empire and the desire of other European powers, such as Russia, to gain at its expense. Disraeli arranged for the British to purchase a major interest in the Suez Canal Company in Egypt. In 1878, faced with Russian victories against the Ottomans, he worked at the Congress of Berlin to obtain peace in the Balkans at terms favourable to Britain and unfavourable to Russia, its longstanding enemy. This diplomatic victory over Russia established Disraeli as one of Europe´s leading statesmen.
xxx/ellauri139.html on line 871: Pikku sävellys eläinsatugenressä, Eginardin Emma, oli hyvinkin suosittu Empire piireissä; se oli mallikasta sentimentaalista trubaduuri kamaa, joka on nykyään aivan pasee. Runoilija on enempi mukavuus alueellaan Sulamitissa, eroottisessa puodissa joka matkii korkeata viisua, ja joissain krekuilta kopsituissa valitusvirsissä joissa on Andre Chenier coveria.
xxx/ellauri148.html on line 284: During his tour of the Eastern Empire in 131, the Roman emperor Hadrian decided upon a policy of Hellenization to integrate the Jews into the empire. Circumcision was proscribed, a Roman colony (Aelia) was founded in Jerusalem, and a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus was erected over the ruins of the Jewish Temple.
xxx/ellauri149.html on line 483: The Roman Empire has enough troops to brutally crush any Judean uprising (and indeed did so during the Jewish–Roman Wars that started only a few decades after Jesus's death). Pontius Pilate, the prefect of Judea, doesn't. If Judea rebels, there is a pretty good chance that Pilate will be killed by the mob, and even if he escapes he will be disgraced and his political career will come to an end. The fact that afterwards the Roman emperor will send in his legions to deal with Judea is cold comfort.
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 234: The Edict of Restoration, a proclamation attested by a cylinder seal in which Cyrus authorized and encouraged the return of the Israelites to the Land of Israel following his conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, is described in the Bible and likewise left a lasting legacy on the Jewish religion due to his role in ending the Babylonian captivity and facilitating the Jewish return to Zion. According to Isaiah 45:1 of the Hebrew Bible, God anointed Cyrus for this task, even referring to him as a messiah (lit. 'anointed one'); Cyrus is the only non-Jewish figure in the Bible to be revered in this capacity.
xxx/ellauri186.html on line 238: Cuneiform evidence from Babylon proves that Cyrus died around December 530 BC, and that his son Cambyses II had become king. Cambyses continued his father's policy of expansion, and captured Egypt for the Empire, but soon died after only seven years of rule. He was succeeded either by Cyrus's other son Bardiya or an impostor posing as Bardiya, who became the sole ruler of Persia for seven months, until he was justifiably killed by Darius the Great.
xxx/ellauri187.html on line 105: Rilke lived on the brink of poverty for much of his life, dependent on the good graces of aristocratic and haute-bourgeois patrons in the twilight of the Hapsburg Empire. His shaky situation, much as he complained of it, suited his temperament as well as did the black clothes he liked to parade in during his dandyish younger days in Prague. Like the great German mystics, Rilke was a confirmed solitary. Thus he sought to form emotional bonds with people more ardently than do those who take their desire to be with others for granted. Wandering from person to person and from place to place like a pilgrim, he found that patrons offered him, among more practical things, a potential shrine of emotional fulfillment.
xxx/ellauri229.html on line 746: Tyutchev was a militant Pan-Slavist like Dostoyevsky, who never needed a particular reason to berate the Western powers, Vatican, Ottoman Empire or Poland, the latter perceived by him as a Judas in the Slavic fold. The failure of the Crimean War made him look critically at the Russian government as well.
xxx/ellauri230.html on line 223: Myöhäisempi mongoli selostaa tapahtumat seuraavasti: Since the late 19 century and early 20 century, Tibet became more and more strategic place for British because Russian Czar’s expansion into Central Asia directly threatened India-‘the jewel in the crown’ of the British Empire. As a result, British government hurried its diplomatic step toward Tibet. In 1893, Qing government signed a contract with British, without Tibetan representative, promising British special trade rights in Tibet. Under such circumstances, Dozhiev, a Buriat Lama, also a close adviser of Thirteenth Dalai Lama, urged His Holiness to seek help from Czar’s Russia to prevent Tibet from British expansion since Manchu Qing was not powerful enough to protect Tibet anymore. This short paper tries to answer the questions like, what was the nature of his missions to Russia? And what was the relationship between Tibet and Russia during his missions in boarder international power relations? Key words: envoy, missions, power relations.
xxx/ellauri233.html on line 410: Shneur Zalman of Liadi (Hebrew: שניאור זלמן מליאדי, September 4, 1745 – December 15, 1812 O.S. / 18 Elul 5505 – 24 Tevet 5573), was an influential Lithuanian Jewish rabbi and the founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, a branch of Hasidic Judaism, then based in Liadi in Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the Grodno Governorate of the Russian Empire. He was the author of many works, and is best known for Shulchan Aruch HaRav, Tanya, and his Siddur Torah Or compiled according to the Nusach Ari. Zalman is a Yiddish variant of Solomon and Shneur (or Shne'or) is a Yiddish composite of the two Hebrew words "shnei ohr" (שני אור "two ears"). Shneur Zalman was a prominent (and the youngest) disciple of Dov Ber of Mezeritch, the "Great Maggid", who was in turn the successor of the founder of Hasidic Judaism, Yisrael ben Eliezer, known as the Baal Shem Tov. He too displayed extraordinary talent while still a child. By the time he was eight years old, he wrote an all-inclusive commentary on the Torah based on the works of Rashi, Nahmanides and Abraham ibn Ezra.
xxx/ellauri273.html on line 63: Guatemala was part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala for nearly 330 years. This captaincy included what is now Chiapas in Mexico and the modern countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The colony became independent in 1821 and then became a part of the First Mexican Empire until 1823. From 1824 it was a part of the Federal Republic of Central America. When the Republic dissolved in 1841, Guatemala became fully independent of all but United Fruit Company.
xxx/ellauri286.html on line 341: Putin’s Troll Empire. Elokuun puolivälissä kasassa oli noin 30 000 dollarin edestä
xxx/ellauri287.html on line 632: Bibliografia: Bost-Pouderon, C. 2000. "Le ronflement des Tarsiens: l'interprétation du Discours XXXIII de Dion de Pruse." REG 113: 636-51.—. 2003. "Dion de Pruse et la physiognomonie dans le Discours XXXIII." REA 105.1: 157-74.—. 2006. Dion Chrysostome: Trois discours aux villes (Or. 33-35). 2 osaa Salerno: Helios.—. 2009. "Entre predication morale, parénèse et politique: les Discours 31-34 de Dion Chrysostome (ou: la subversion des genres)." Julkaisussa Danielle van Mal-Maeder et ai., toim. Jeux de voix: enonciation, intertextualité et intencionalité dans la littérature antiikki. Bern: Peter Lang. 225-56.Desideri, P. 1978. Dione di Prusa: un intellettuale greco nell'impero romano. Messina: d'Anna. Gleason, Maud. 1995. Making Men: Sophistis and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Gangloff, Anne. 2006. Dion Chrysostome et les mythes: Hellénisme, communication et philosophie politique. Grenoble: Millon. Houser, J. Samuel. 1998. "Eros" ja "Aphrodisia" Dio Chrysostomin teoksissa. Classical Antiquity 17.2: 235-58. Jones, CP 1978. Dio Chrysostomosin roomalainen maailma. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Millar, F. 1968. "Local Cultures in the Room Empire: Libyan, Punic and Latin in Roman Africa." JRS 58: 126-34.Mras, K. 1949. "Die προλαλία bei den griechischen Schriftstellern." Wiener Studien 64: 71-81. Swain, Simon. 1996. Hellenismi ja valtakunta: kieli, klassismi ja valta kreikkalaisessa maailmassa, 50-250 jKr. Oxford: Oxford University Press.—. 2007. "Polemonin fysiognomia". Julkaisussa Simon Swain, toim. Kasvojen näkeminen, sielun näkeminen: Polemonin fysiognomia klassisesta antiikista keskiaikaiseen islamiin. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 125-202. Harvard University Press. Millar, F. 1968. "Paikalliset kulttuurit Rooman valtakunnassa: Libyan, Punic ja Latin in Roman Africa." JRS 58: 126-34.Mras, K. 1949.
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xxx/ellauri320.html on line 213: In 1991, Cartland was at last created a Dame of the British Empire, reportedly after the personal intervention of the Queen Mother.
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