ellauri036.html on line 740: Quand Brutus s'écria sur les débris de Rome :
ellauri036.html on line 1533: Kun Brutus huusi Rooman raunioilla:
ellauri052.html on line 273: Viimeisinä vuosinaan Pope sairasti astmaa ja oli ajoittain osittain harhainen. Hän aloitti vielä uuden eeppisen Brutus-nimisen vapaamittaisen runon sekä aikoi uudistaa vanhoja runojaan. Suunnitelmat jäivät toteutumatta, sillä hän kuoli 30. toukokuuta 1744. Hänet on haudattu St Mary’s Church -kirkkoon Twickenhamiin.
ellauri141.html on line 109: Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8th of December, Ab Urbe Condita 689, B. C. 65 - 27th of November, B. C. 8) was born at or near Venusia (Venosa), in the Apennines, on the borders of Lucania and Apulia. His father was a freedman, having, as his name proves, been the slave of some person of the Horatia gens. As Horace implies that he himself was ingenuus, his father must have obtained his freedom before his birth. He afterwards followed the calling of a coactor, a collector of money in some way or other, it is not known in what. He made, in this capacity, enough to purchase an estate, probably a small one, near the above town, where the poet was born. We hear nothing of his mother, except that Horace speaks of both his parents with affection. His father, probably seeing signs of talent in him as a child, was not content to have him educated at a provincial school, but took him (at what age he does not say, but probably about twelve) to Rome, where he became a pupil of Orbilius Pupillus, who had a school of much note, attended by boys of good family, and whom Horace remembered all his life as an irritable teacher, given unnecessarily to the use of the rod. With him he learnt grammar, the earlier Latin authors, and Homer. He attended other masters (of rhetoric, poetry, and music perhaps), as Roman boys were wont, and had the advantage (to which he afterwards looked back with gratitude) of his father’s care and moral training during this part of his education. It was usual for young men of birth and ability to be sent to Athens, to finish their education by the study of Greek literature and philosophy under native teachers; and Horace went there too, at what age is not known, but probably when he was about twenty. Whether his father was alive at that time, or dead, is uncertain. If he went to Athens at twenty, it was in B. C. 45, the year before Julius Cæsar was assassinated. After that event, Brutus and Cassius left Rome and went to Greece. Foreseeing the struggle that was before them, they got round them many of the young men at that time studying at Athens, and Horace was appointed tribune in the army of Brutus, a high command, for which he was not qualified. He went with Brutus into Asia Minor, and finally shared his defeat at Philippi, B. C. 42. He makes humorous allusion to this defeat in his Ode to Pompeius Varus (ii. 7). After the battle he came to Italy, having obtained permission to do so, like many others who were willing to give up a desperate cause and settle quietly at home. His patrimony, however, was forfeited, and he seems to have had no means of subsistence, which induced him to employ himself in writing verses, with the view, perhaps, of bringing himself into notice, rather than for the purpose of making money by their sale. By some means he managed to get a place as scriba in the Quæstor’s office, whether by purchase or interest does not appear. In either case, we must suppose he contrived soon to make friends, though he could not do so by the course he pursued, without also making many enemies. His Satires are full of allusions to the enmity his verses had raised up for him on all hands. He became acquainted, among other literary persons, with Virgil and Varius, who, about three years after his return (B. C. 39), introduced him to Mæcenas, who was careful of receiving into his circle a tribune of Brutus, and one whose writings were of a kind that was new and unpopular. He accordingly saw nothing of Horace for nine months after his introduction to him. He then sent for him (B. C. 38), and from that time continued to be his patron and warmest friend.
ellauri141.html on line 113: In B. C. 17, Augustus celebrated the Ludi Seculares, and Horace was required to write an Ode for the occasion, which he did, and it has been preserved. This circumstance, and the credit it brought him, may have given his mind another leaning to Ode-writing, and have helped him to produce the fourth book, a few pieces in which may have been written at any time. It is said that Augustus particularly desired Horace to publish another book of Odes, in order that those he wrote upon the victories of Drusus and Tiberius (4 and 14) might appear in it. The latter of these Odes was not written, probably, till B. C. 13, when Augustus returned from Gaul. If so, the book was probably published in that year, when Horace was fifty-two. The Odes of the fourth book show no diminution of power, but the reverse. There are none in the first three books that surpass, or perhaps equal, the Ode in honor of Drusus, and few superior to that which is addressed to Lollius. The success of the first three books, and the honor of being chosen to compose the Ode at the Ludi Seculares, seem to have given him encouragement. There are no incidents in his life during the above period recorded or alluded to in his poems. He lived five years after the publication of the fourth book of Odes, if the above date be correct, and during that time, I think it probable, he wrote the Epistles to Augustus and Florus which form the second book; and having conceived the intention of writing a poem on the art and progress of poetry, he wrote as much of it as appears in the Epistle to the Pisones which has been preserved among his works. It seems, from the Epistle to Florus, that Horace at this time had to resist the urgency of friends begging him to write, one in this style and another in that, and that he had no desire to gratify them and to sacrifice his own ease to a pursuit in which it is plain he never took any great delight. He was likely to bring to it less energy as his life was drawing prematurely to a close, through infirmities either contracted or aggravated during his irrational campaigning with Brutus, his inaptitude for which he appears afterwards to have been perfectly aware of. He continued to apply himself to the study of moral philosophy till his death, which took place, according to Eusebius, on the 27th of November, B. C. 8, in the fifty-seventh year of his age, and within a few days of its completion. Mæcenas died the same year, also towards the close of it; a coincidence that has led some to the notion, that Horace hastened his own death that he might not have the pain of surviving his patron. According to Suetonius, his death (which he places after his fifty-ninth year) was so sudden, that he had not time to execute his will, which is opposed to the notion of suicide. The two friends were buried near one another “in extremis Esquiliis,” in the farthest part of the Esquiliæ, that is, probably, without the city walls, on the ground drained and laid out in gardens by Mæcenas.
ellauri153.html on line 276: Muutamien päivien kuluttua saapui Sextus Kollatinuksen tietämättä Kollatiaan ja raiskasi Lucretian. Hänen lähdettyään kutsui vaimo isänsä, miehensä sekä muutamia sukulaisia, kertoi heille häväistyksensä, vaati heitä kostamaan ja sysäsi itse puukon sydämeensä. Todistajain joukossa oli myös kuninkaan sukulainen Brutus. Hän oli ainoastaan siten säilynyt kuninkaan epäluuloiselta julmuudelta, että oli tekeytynyt mielipuoleksi. Brutus nyt veti puukon pois haavasta ja vaati läsnäolijoita karkottamaan Tarkviniusten sukua ja lakkauttamaan kuninkuuden. Siitä alkanut kapina onnistuikin pian siinä. Kapinaa johtivat Lucretian mies Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus ja Lucius Junius Brutus. Heistä tuli Rooman ensimmäiset konsulit. Tarquinius yritti palata valtaan useaan otteeseen ja sai aikeissaan tukea etruskeilta.
ellauri153.html on line 300: Cilerien tribunena Brutus oli kuninkaan henkilökohtaisen henkivartijan päällikkö ja hänellä oli oikeus kutsua roomalainen comitia. Tämän hän teki, ja kertomalla kansan erilaisista epäkohdista, kuninkaan vallan väärinkäytöksistä ja lietsomalla yleisön mielipiteen tarinalla Lucretian raiskauksesta Brutus taivutteli kooman kumoamaan kuninkaan imperiumin ja lähettämään hänet maanpakoon. Tullia pakeni kaupungista väkijoukon pelossa, kun taas Sextus Tarquinius, hänen tekonsa paljasti, pakeni Gabiin, jossa hän toivoi roomalaisen varuskunnan suojelua. Hänen aiempi käytöksensä siellä oli kuitenkin tehnyt hänestä monia vihollisia, ja hänet murhattiin pian. Kuninkaan sijasta comitia centuriata päätti valita kaksi konsulia pitämään valtaa yhdessä. Lucretius, kaupungin prefekti, johti ensimmäisten konsulien, Brutuksen ja Collatinuksen, valintaa.
ellauri153.html on line 302: Samaan aikaan toisaalla kuningas lähetti suurlähettiläitä senaattiin näennäisesti pyytämään henkilökohtaisen omaisuutensa palauttamista, mutta todellisuudessa kumoamaan useita Rooman johtavia miehiä. Kun tämä juoni löydettiin, konsulit surmasivat syylliset. Brutus joutui tuomitsemaan kaksi poikaansa, Tituksen ja Tiberiuksen, jotka olivat osallistuneet salaliittoon. Brutus lähti tapaamaan kuningasta taistelukentällä. Silva Argian taistelussa roomalaiset voittivat kovan voiton kuninkaasta ja hänen etruskien liittolaisistaan. Kumpikin osapuoli kärsi kivuliaita tappioita; Konsuli Brutus ja hänen serkkunsa Arruns Tarquinius kaatuivat taistelussa toisiaan vastaan. Tää on siis eri Brutus kuin "sinäkin Brutuxeni", joka sattui vasta puoli vuosituhatta vuotta myöhemmin.
ellauri299.html on line 564: Cassius valittiin Plebin tribuuniksi vuonna 49 eaa. Hän vastusti Caesaria ja lopulta käski laivaston häntä vastaan Caesarin sisällissodan aikana: Kun Caesar voitti Pompeuksen Pharsaloksen taistelussa, Caesar ohitti Cassiuksen oikealta ja pakotti hänet antautumaan. Tapettuaan Caesarin Cassius pötki itään, missä hän keräsi kahdentoista legioonan armeijan. Senaatti tuki häntä ja teki hänet kuvernööriksi. Myöhemmin hän ja Brutus marssivat länteen Toisen triumviraadin liiddolaisia vastaan.
ellauri299.html on line 568: Keihäänheiluttajan Cassius on eri aikoina pikkumainen, typerä, pelkurimainen ja lyhytnäköinen. Myöhemmin yleisö saa tietää, että Cassius on halukas tienaamaan rahaa Brutusin mielestä häpeällisillä ja mahdottomilla tavoilla.
ellauri373.html on line 95: Brutus, Porcian esiserkku, erosi vaimostaan ​​Claudiasta ja meni naimisiin Porcian kanssa vuonna 45 eKr., kun tämä oli lutukka, vaikka vielä hyvin nuori. Avioliitto oli skandaali, koska Brutus ei kertonut avioeron syitä, vaikka oli ollut naimisissa Claudian kanssa monta vuotta. Claudia oli erittäin suosittu suuren hyveen naisena. Jotkut, mukaan lukien Brutuksen äiti Servilia, eivät ottaneet avioeroa hyvin vastaan
ellauri373.html on line 101: Brutus ihmetteli nähdessään haavan hiänen reidessään, eikä tämän kuultuaan enää salannut hiäneltä mitään, vaan tunsi itsensä vahvistuneen ja lupasi kertoa koko juonen. Nostaen kätensä hiänen takapuolelleen hänen sanotaan rukoilleen, että hän onnistuisi yrityksessään ja näyttäytyisi siten kelvollisena aviomiehenä. Brutus ei kuitenkaan koskaan saanut tilaisuutta osoittaa Porcialle kiitollisuuttansa, koska heidät keskeytettiin, eikä heillä ollut hetkeäkään yksityisyyttä ennen salaliiton toteuttamista. Caesarin salamurhapäivänä Porcia oli äärimmäisen ahdistunut ja lähetti senaattiin sanansaattajat tarkistamaan, että Brutus oli edelleen elossa. Hän työskenteli siihen pisteeseen asti, että hänen pyörtymisensä jälkeen hänen piikansa pelkäsivät hänen kuolemaansa. Mutta hyvinhän siinä kävi, Caesar saatiin hengiltä. Porcialla oli maanpakoon lähtenyttä Brutusta kovin ikävä, hiän kyynelehti joka päivä Hektorin ja Andromakhen kuvan äärellä. Brutuksen ystävä Acilius kuuli tästä ja lainasi Homeria, jossa Andromache puhuu Hectorille:
ellauri373.html on line 105: Brutus hymyili sanoen, ettei hän koskaan sanoisi Porcialle, mitä Hector sanoi Andromachelle vastineeksi ("Loukuta sinä vaan kangaspuita, päästä irti ja anna käskyjä piioille"). Brutus sanoi sensijaan Porciasta:
ellauri373.html on line 115: Brutus%2C_Julius_Caesar%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg/800px-Portia%2C_Wife_of_Brutus%2C_Julius_Caesar%2C_John_William_Wright.jpg" />
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