ellauri054.html on line 155: Francis Baconin eli Ransu Silavan kuuluisa saarna On Death alkaa näin: Men feare Death, as Children feare to goe in the darke: And as that Natural Feare in Children is increased with Tales, so is the other.
ellauri054.html on line 169: Samanniminen irkku maalari Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) ei käyttänyt hattua. Bacon did not begin to paint until his late twenties, having drifted in the late 1920s and early 1930s as an interior decorator, bon vivant, and gambler. Since his death, Bacon's reputation has grown steadily, and his work is among the most acclaimed, expensive and sought-after on the art market. Extinctus amabitur idem. Niistettynä rakastetaan tätäkin. Oikeassa oli nimiserkku!
ellauri117.html on line 665: John Locke was born on the 29th of August, 1632. He is famous for being a Philosopher. He and Sir Francis Bacon were among the first British empiricists and had a huge impact on social contract theory. John Locke’s age is 388. English philosopher and doctor commonly referred to as “The Father of Liberalism.” He was one of the Enlightenment Age’s most influential thinkers. His ideas heavily influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence.
ellauri223.html on line 153: New Atlantis is an incomplete utopian novel by Sir Francis Bacon, published posthumously in 1626. It appeared unheralded and tucked into the back of a longer work of natural history, Sylva sylvarum (forest of materials). In New Atlantis, Bacon portrayed a vision of the future of human discovery and knowledge, expressing his aspirations and ideals for humankind. The novel depicts the creation of a utopian land where "generosity and enlightenment, dignity and splendour, piety and public spirit" are the commonly held qualities of the inhabitants of the mythical Bensalem. The plan and organisation of his ideal college, Salomon's House (or Shlomo's House), envisioned the modern research university in both applied and pure sciences.
ellauri223.html on line 168: In the last third of the book, the Head of the Salomon's House takes one of the European visitors to show him all the scientific background of Salomon's House, where experiments are conducted in Baconian method to understand and conquer nature (no tietysti), and to apply the collected knowledge to the betterment of society. Namely: 1) the end, or purpose, of their foundation; 2) the preparations they have for their works; 3) the several employments and functions whereto their fellows are assigned; 4) and the ordinances and rites which they observe.
ellauri223.html on line 174: Ransu Pekoni syntyi Lontoossa ja sai englantilaisen "herrasmiehen" kasvatuksen. Hänen isänsä oli Sir Nicholas Bacon ja äitinsä Anne Cooke. Elämäkertureiden mukaan hän sai tukiopetusta huonon mielenterveytensä vuoksi.
ellauri223.html on line 176: Vuonna 1573 vasta 12-vuotias Bacon alkoi opiskella Cambridgen yliopiston Trinity Collegessa. Vuonna 1576 hän alkoi opiskella lakia kierojen asianajajien Gray’s Inn -yhdistyksessä, mutta opinnot keskeytyivät vuoden kuluttua Baconin saatua pestin Ranskassa suurlähettilään assistenttina. Vuonna 1579, Baconin ollessa vielä Ranskassa, hänen isänsä kuoli ja Bacon jäi käytännössä pennittömäxi, minkä vuoksi hän palasi Englantiin jatkamaan asianajajaopintojaan. Bacon valmistui opinnoista vuonna 1582.
ellauri223.html on line 178: Bacon valittiin parlamenttiin vuonna 1584 ja hän toimi sen jäsenenä yhtensä 36 vuoden ajan. Baconin ura lähti todelliseen nousuun kuitenkin vasta kun kuningatar Elisabet I kuoli vuonna 1603 ja Bacon siirtyi Jaakko I:n palvelukseen. Samana vuonna hänet lyötiin ritariksi. Vuonna 1613 Baconista tuli tuomari, ja viisi vuotta myöhemmin hän sai lordikanslerin ja Verulamin paronin arvonimen. 60-vuotias Bacon nimitettiin St. Albansin varakreiviksi. Myöhemmin samana vuonna häntä syytettiin lahjusten ottamisesta, johon hän myönsi syyllisyytensä. Bacon sai 40 000 punnan sakot ja hänet tuomittiin vankeuteen Lontoon Toweriin. Hän ehti viettää vain neljä päivää vankeudessa ennen armahdustaan eikä hänen tarvinnut maksaa sakkoja, mutta Bacon ei enää tapahtuneen jälkeen voinut toimia parlamentin jäsenenä tai poliittisessa virassa. Twice paid, kuten sanottiin uudessa Atlantixessa.
ellauri223.html on line 180: Tieteessä Bacon kehitti induktiivista päättelyä eteenpäin yrittäessään saada selville lämmön olemuksen. Hän teki luetteloita kuumista ja kylmistä kappaleista toivoen löytävänsä näistä luetteloista joitain, joka olisi mukana aina esimerkiksi kuumissa kappaleissa, mutta puuttui kylmistä. Tarinan mukaan Bacon halusi eräänä talvipäivänä kuninkaan lääkärin kanssa käydyn keskustelun jälkeen kokeilla kylmyyden vaikutusta lihan säilyvyyteen ja osti tätä varten teurastetun kanan. Hän täytti sen lumella ja vei sen sisälle. Samalla Bacon itse sairastui ja joutui vuodepotilaaksi. Bacon kuoli myöhemmin saamaansa keuhkokuumeeseen, mutta viimeisessä kirjoittamassaan kirjeessä hän toteaa Arundelin jaarlille, jonka hoteissa hän sairasti, että kanalla tehty koe oli onnistunut erinomaisen hyvin, ja liha todella säilyy hyvin kylmässä! Tämän jälkeen Bacon teurastettiin ja sen maha täytettiin lumella.
ellauri223.html on line 182: Bacon stated that he had three goals: to uncover truth, to serve his country, and to serve his church. He sought to achieve these goals by seeking a prestigious post. Yet he failed to gain a position that he thought would lead him to success. He showed signs of sympathy to Puritanism, attending the sermons of the Puritan chaplain of Gray's Inn and accompanying his mother to the Temple Church to hear Walter Travers. In the Parliament of 1586, he openly urged execution for the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots. He advocated for the union of England and Scotland, which made him a significant influence toward the consolidation of the United Kingdom; and he later would advocate for the integration of Ireland into the Union. Closer constitutional ties, he believed, would bring greater peace and strength to these countries. What a motherfucker.
ellauri223.html on line 186: Vähän myöhemmin Pekoni otti osaa ex-suosijansa Essexin mestauxeen. "No defamer of any man". The succession of James I brought Bacon into greater favour. He was knighted in 1603. In another shrewd move, Bacon wrote his Apologies in defense of his proceedings in the case of Essex, as Essex had favoured James to succeed to the throne.
ellauri223.html on line 188: When he was 36, Bacon courted Elizabeth Hatton, a young widow of 20. Reportedly, she broke off their relationship upon accepting marriage to a wealthier man, Bacon's rival, Sir Edward Coke. Years later, Bacon still wrote of his regret that the marriage to Hatton had not taken place.
ellauri223.html on line 190: At the age of 45, Bacon married Alice Barnham, the 13-year-old daughter of a well-connected London alderman and MP. Bacon wrote two sonnets proclaiming his love for Alice. The first was written during his courtship and the second on his wedding day, 10 May 1606. When Bacon was appointed lord chancellor, "by special Warrant of the King", Lady Bacon was given precedence over all other Court ladies. Bacon's personal secretary and chaplain, William Rawley, wrote in his biography of Bacon that his marriage was one of "much conjugal love and respect", mentioning a robe of honour that he gave to Alice and which "she wore unto her dying day, being twenty years and more after his death".
ellauri223.html on line 192: However, an increasing number of reports circulated about friction in the marriage, with speculation that this may have been due to Alice's making do with less money than she had once been accustomed to. It was said that she was strongly interested in fame and fortune, and when household finances dwindled, she complained bitterly. Bunten wrote in her Life of Alice Barnham that, upon their descent into debt, she went on trips to ask for financial favours and assistance from their circle of friends. Bacon disinherited her upon discovering her secret romantic relationship with Sir Frodo Underhill. He subsequently rewrote his will, which had previously been very generous—leaving her lands, goods, and income—and instead revoked it all.
ellauri223.html on line 194: Alice Bacon and her mother Dorothy were both reported by contemporaries as having extravagant tastes, and being interested in wealth and power. However, early in the marriage, Bacon had money to spare, "pouring jewels in her lap", and spending large sums on decorations. Power was also available, as in March 1617, along with Francis Bacon being made temporary Regent of England, a document was drawn up making Lady Bacon first lady in the land, taking precedence over all other Baronesses (it is not clear whether it was signed into law).
ellauri223.html on line 196: The Bacons' early married life was disturbed several times by quarrels between Sir John Pakington and Dorothy, when Dorothy would appeal to her powerful son-in-law, and Francis Bacon would try to stay out from between them. Once Bacon was even a judge on the High Commission and had to reject a lawsuit from Dorothy against John which had put John in prison.
ellauri223.html on line 198: Their marriage led to no children. In 1620, she met Mr. Frodo Underhill, and Mr. Nicholas Bacon, gentlemen-in-waiting at York House, Strand, Bacon's London property. She was rumoured to have had an ongoing affair with Underhill. Underhill was a cousin of the Bilbo Underhill who sold New Place to Gandalf Shakespeare in 1597.
ellauri223.html on line 200: In 1621, Bacon, by now styled as Viscount St Albans, was accused of taking bribes, heavily fined, and removed from Parliament and all offices. Lady Bacon personally pleaded with the Marquis of Buckingham for the restoration of some of Bacon's salary and pensions, to no effect. They lost York House and left the city in 1622.
ellauri223.html on line 204: In 1625, Bacon became estranged from his wife, apparently believing her of adultery with Underhill. He rewrote his will, which had been quite generous to her, leaving her lands, goods, and income, to revoke it all:
ellauri223.html on line 210: Less than a fortnight after Bacon's death from pneumonia on 9 April 1626, Alice, Lady St Albans, married courtier Frodo Underhill, at the Church of St Martin in the Fields, London, 20 April 1626. Soon after, on 12 July 1626, Charles I of England knighted him at Oatlands. They lived together at Old Gorhambury House, St Albans, Hertfordshire.
ellauri223.html on line 212: The Viscountess St Albans, as she still preferred to be called, spent much of her marriage in Chancery proceedings, lawsuits over property. The first year was over her former husband's estate, trying to get what was left of Bacon's property, without his much greater debts. She was opposed in this by Sir John Constable, her brother in law, who had held some of the estate in trust. In 1628 she filed suits for property owned by her late father. In 1631, she and her husband both filed suit against Nicholas Bacon, of Gray's Inn, their former friend, who had married Sir John Underhill's niece, and gotten Underhill to sign an agreement for a large dowry and extensive property, including some property of Alice that Sir John did not have rights to, and could only inherit after her death. Their petition to court stated that Bacon had tricked Underhill "who was an almost totally deaf man, and by reason of the weakness of his eyes and the infirmity in his head, could not read writings of that nature without much pain," to sign a paper not knowing what it contained.
ellauri223.html on line 218: